Light and nutrient effects on growth and allocation of Inga vera (Leguminosae), a successional tree of Puerto Rico

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall W Myster
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Nutrient Effects ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Growth And Allocation

With the aim of acquiring a better understanding of ecological growth and biomass allocation of Neo tropical trees, I inoculated Inga vera Willd. (Leguminosae) plants from cuttings with Rhizobium spp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and grew them in a greenhouse for 8 months under varying light (L), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) treatments. I obtained the following results: (1) L, P × N, and L × P × N treatments affected every response variable, but most increases occurred under full light; that is, light levels influenced growth of Inga vera to a greater extent than did P and N additions by themselves; (2) response variables showed a high degree of similarity in regard to which combination of treatment levels had the greatest positive response (full light – low N – high P) and which combination led to other significant increases (full light – low N – no P, full light – high N – no P); and (3) percent AM colonization was affected mainly by light, not P levels. I conclude that growth responses of Inga vera are primarily controlled by light availability, which can interact with nutrient addition to affect biomass allocation to both above- and below-ground structures.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analytical Approach on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Efficiency on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Murugesan Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts of higher plants which increase the growth and nutrient uptake of host plants. The primary objective was initiated based on analyzing the enormity of optimal effects upon AMF inoculation in a comparative bias between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants stipulated on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Consequently, in accomplishing the above-mentioned objective a vast literature was collected, analyzed, and evaluated to establish a weighted meta-analysis irrespective of AMF species, plant species, family and functional group, and experimental conditions in the context of beneficial effects of AMF. I found a significant increase in the shoot, root, and total biomass by 36.3%, 28.5%, and, 29.7%, respectively. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants significantly increased phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium uptake by 36.3%, 22.1%, and 18.5%, respectively. Affirmatively upon cross-verification studies, plant growth parameters intensification was accredited to AMF (Rhizophagus fasciculatus followed by Funniliforme mosseae), plants (Triticum aestivum followed by Solanum lycopersicum), and plant functional groups (dicot, herbs, and perennial) were the additional vital important significant predictor variables of plant growth responses. Therefore, the meta-analysis concluded that the emancipated prominent root characteristics, increased morphological traits that eventually help the host plants for efficient phosphorus uptake, thereby enhancing plant biomass. The present analysis can be rationalized for any plant stress and assessment of any microbial agent that contributes to plant growth promotion.

scholarly journals Effects of mycorrhizal inoculant, N:P supply ratio, and water depth on the growth and biomass allocation of three wetland plant species

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauchlan H. Fraser ◽  
Larry M. Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratios ◽  
Water Depths

In the greenhouse, we investigated the growth and biomass allocation of three juvenile wetland species ( Carex tribuloides Wahl., Phalaris arundinacea L., and Rumex orbiculatus Gray) under three different water depths (–4, 0, and +2 cm relative to the soil surface), three N:P supply ratios (1:30, 1:1, 30:1), and two mycorrhizal inoculant treatments (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi present, absent). After 6 weeks, the plants were harvested, separated to above- and below-ground parts, oven-dried, and weighed. The mycorrhizal inoculant significantly increased plant growth and reduced root:shoot ratios. At an N:P supply ratio of 30:1, plants with AM fungi had significantly greater biomass than those plants without AM fungi. However, at 1:1 N:P supply ratio, plants without AM fungi had greater biomass. Plants without AM fungi had higher root:shoot ratios at 0 and –4 cm water depth than plants with AM fungi. In general, C. tribuloides had the lowest growth, and unlike P. arundinacea and R. orbiculatus, was not affected by the water depth treatment. Growth of the wetland plants was limited more by nitrogen than by phosphorus. Our results suggest that at high N:P nutrient supply ratios and non-flooded conditions the growth of wetland seedlings can benefit by being inoculated with AM fungi.

scholarly journals Improved growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants by inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial rhizobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e1299
Author(s):  
Azareel Angulo-Castro ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato ◽  
Alejandro Alarcón ◽  
Juan José Almaraz-Suárez ◽  
Julián Delgadillo-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Pepper Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Background: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an alternative for sustainable management of pepper crops. Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of PGPR and AMF inoculation on the growth of bell pepper plants. Methods: Two PGPR strains were used (Pseudomonas tolaasii P61 and Bacillus pumilus R44) as well as their mixture, and an uninoculated control. In addition, bacterial treatments were combined with an AMF-consortium (Funneliformis aff. geosporum and Claroideoglomus sp.). A 4×2 factorial experiment [four levels for the bacterial inoculation and two levels of AMF-inoculation (non-AMF and AMF)] was performed with eight treatments, at greenhouse conditions for 80 days after inoculation. AMF inoculation was done at sowing and PGPR after 15 days of seedling emergence. Results and Conclusions: Uninoculated control showed lower growth responses than plants inoculated with PGPR and AMF, alone or in combination. Overall, inoculation of the strain P61 or the combination of R44+AMF increased plant growth. AMF improved the photochemical efficiency of PSII in comparison to either control plants or plants inoculated with R44 or with the bacterial mix. Both PGPR and AMF improved growth and vigor of bell pepper plants.

scholarly journals A symbiotic balancing act: arbuscular mycorrhizal specificity and specialist fungus gnat pollination in the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia (Thismiaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Guo ◽  
Zhongtao Zhao ◽  
Shek Shing Mar ◽  
Dianxiang Zhang ◽  
Richard M K Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Floral Phenology ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Yellow Pigments

Abstract Background and Aims Mycorrhizal associations in mycoheterotrophic plants are generally more specialized than in autotrophs. Mycoheterotrophs typically bear small, inconspicuous flowers that often self-pollinate to maximize seed set, although some have structurally complex flowers indicative of xenogamy. A trade-off has previously been proposed between specialization in these above- and below-ground symbioses, although empirical data are lacking. Methods We used next-generation DNA sequencing to compare the mycorrhizal communities from the roots of a mycoheterotrophic species, Thismia tentaculata (Thismiaceae), and its neighbouring autotrophs. We furthermore conducted detailed assessments of floral phenology and pollination ecology, and performed artificial pollination experiments to determine the breeding system. Key Results Thismia tentaculata maintains a symbiotic association with a single arbuscular mycorrhizal Rhizophagus species. The flowers are pollinated by a single species of fungus gnats (Corynoptera, Sciaridae), which are attracted by the yellow pigments and are temporarily restrained within the perianth chamber before departing via apertures between the anthers. The plants are self-compatible but predominantly xenogamous. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that T. tentaculata maintains highly specialized associations with pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi, both of which are widely distributed. We suggest that specialization in multiple symbiotic interactions is possible in mycoheterotrophs if redundant selective pressures are not exerted to further restrict an already constrained suite of life-history traits.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from three genera induce two-phase plant growth responses on a high P-fixing soil

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Schweiger ◽  
Alan D. Robson ◽  
N. Jim Barrow ◽  
Lyn K. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Two Phase

Colonization rates and growth responses of soybean plants infected by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (17) ◽  
pp. 1769-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Carling ◽  
M. F. Brown ◽  
R. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Soybean Plants

The interactions between soybean plants and two species of mycorrhizal fungi were examined. The number of infection units in young seedlings was found to increase in the presence of increasing quantities of Glomus fasciculatus inoculum, until a maximum was reached. Soybean seedlings remained free of mycorrhizal infection during early stages of development. First infection units appeared 10–12 days after planting which was also the approximate time that rhizobium root nodules and tertiary roots were first observed. The response to colonization by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was evident as early as 6 weeks after planting.

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