scholarly journals Effect of fertilization and genetic variation on susceptibility of Pinus radiata seedlings to Hylobius abietis damage

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Zas ◽  
Luis Sampedro ◽  
Xoaquín Moreira ◽  
Patricia Martíns
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Actual Height

The effects of establishment fertilization and pine genotype on pine weevil ( Hylobius abietis L.) damage was studied in a radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) naturally infected family × fertilization genetic trial in Galicia (northwestern Spain). Fertilization strongly increased both growth and H. abietis damage, especially when calcium phosphate was included in the fertilization treatment. Fertilized plants showed higher degree of debarking, greater leader loss, and higher mortality than unfertilized controls. Because of the greater leader loss, fertilization did not significantly increase the actual height (height of live stem) 1 year after planting. In contrast, after the second growing season, fertilized plants overcompensated for the weevil damage and reached greater height than the unfertilized controls. However, considering the effects on survival and the stem deformities resulting from the leader losses, fertilization should be avoided (or delayed) in P. radiata plantations on clear-cut coniferous areas if the risk of H. abietis is high. Our results also indicate a strong genetic variation in H. abietis susceptibility within the Galician P. radiata breeding population. The high family-mean and the moderate individual-tree heritability estimates suggest that improving resistance to this pest by conventional breeding techniques is possible. The use of planting stock with improved resistance should be considered as another prophylactic measure to supplement the traditional methods employed against this pest.

scholarly journals Genetics of Shrinkage in Juvenile Trees of Pinus radiata D. Don From Two Test Sites in Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Gapare ◽  
M. Ivković ◽  
M. B. Powell ◽  
T. A. McRae ◽  
H. X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Longitudinal Shrinkage ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Radial Shrinkage ◽  
Progeny Tests

Abstract To examine the genetic control of wood shrinkage (radial, tangential and longitudinal) in juvenile wood of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), we assessed samples collected at breast height in two related progeny tests of age 8 and 9 years, established at two different sites in Australia. Green to oven-dry tangential and radial shrinkage for the outer-rings was similar at both sites. Similarly, mean longitudinal shrinkage for the outer-rings was similar at both sites (0.3%, ranging from 0.1 to 1.9 at Flynn and 0.4%, ranging from 0.02 to 1.6, at Kromelite). Mean longitudinal shrinkage for the inner-rings was 4 times greater than that of the outerrings at both sites. The magnitude of the gradient of longitudinal shrinkage from pith to bark (0.001 to 2.9%) is large enough to cause distortion problems including twist and warp, during drying of sawn boards. These values also suggest that shrinkage in the juvenile core of radiata pine is of major economic importance and therefore should be improved either through genetics or silviculture. Individual-tree narrow-sense individual heritability for tangential and radial shrinkage in the outer-rings (4-6) was moderate at Flynn (0.24 ± 0.09 and 0.26±0.07, respectively). There was a lack of significant genetic variation for longitudinal shrinkage in the outer-rings but significant genetic control for the inner-rings (1-2) (h2 = 0.26 ± 0.07). More samples per family are required to detect significant genetic variation for shrinkage traits than other traits due to higher background variation in sampling and measuring shrinkage traits relative to other wood quality traits such as density, microfibril angle (MfA), spiral grain and modulus of elasticity (MoE).

Inheritance of spiral grain in the juvenile core of Pinus radiata

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Washington Gapare ◽  
Adrian Hathorn ◽  
Dominic Kain ◽  
Colin Matheson ◽  
Harry Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Tangential Plane ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Spiral Grain ◽  
Grain Angle ◽  
Selection For

Spiral grain is the angular arrangement of fibres in a tangential plane with reference to the pith or vertical tree axis. Spiral grain angles exceeding 5° can cause wood to twist, which may result in a considerable amount of waste and degrade. We assessed spiral grain at breast height in two related progeny tests of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) aged 8 and 9 years established at two different sites in Australia. Radial trends for grain angle at the two sites were similar. Mean spiral grain (MSG) across the two trials was 4.3° with a standard deviation of 1.5° and a range of 0.8–10°. Estimates of individual tree heritabilities on a single-site basis for individual rings and MSG suggested that spiral grain is lowly to highly inherited (h2 = 0.11 ± 0.08 to 0.66 ± 0.21 for individual rings and 0.44 ± 0.12 for MSG). Additive genotypic correlations between individual rings grain angle and MSG were generally high, above 0.71, suggesting a favourable expected correlated response of mean grain angle in the juvenile wood to selection for grain angle of individual rings. Selection to reduce spiral grain on any of rings 2–4 (at a selection intensity of 1.755, i.e., selecting the best 10% of trees) would result in a predicted correlated genetic gain in MSG of 1.0°. Our results suggest that selection could be performed in any of the individual rings 2, 3, or 4 (equivalent to ages 4–6) and still achieve at least 75% of the genetic gain possible from selection on the mean of all rings 1–5 (MSG). This suggests that there is an optimum stage (rings 2–4) in which selection for this trait should take place. Our results suggest that a reduction in spiral grain angle in the juvenile core is one strategy to reduce the amount of lower grade timber owing to twist.

scholarly journals Maintaining genetic variation in breeding populations of Radiata pine in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
C.J.A Shelbourne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Made In

Abstract Advanced generation selection (AS) for the future breeding population (BP), becam a focus of tree breeders‘ thinking in the mid 1970s., particularly with Pinus radiata in New Zealand (NZ). Multitrait selection among families was generally recommen­ded, but this reduced genetic variation in the future breeding population. From Shaw and Hood‘s (1985) stochastic simulation, later confirmed by Rosvall, Lindgren and Mullin‘s (1998) stochastic simulation on Norway spruce, it was realised that selecting within families rather than among families of a new breeding population avoided any reduction of genetic variation in the BP. Heritabilities were low for seedling within-family selection but clonal replication within families should strongly increase heritabilities. Gains from cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were also deterministically simulated (Shelbourne et al. 2007), and balanced (within-family) selec­tion gains from the cloned populations were all higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities of 0.5 and under. The late P.A. Jefferson‘s (2016) Breeding Management Plan (which will be soon superceded) contains a re description of New Zealand (NZ) radiata pine breeding. Selections were made in crosses from the earlier program and OP see and scion mate­rial were collected from all 360 selections. OP family tests of selections have been planted at 11 sites in NZ and 7 in New South Wales and Tasmania, and scions of their female parents have all been grafted at an archive. Crosses made in the archive are being cloned and the programme was committed to within-family selection to retain genetic variance for the future closed breeding population. Clonally-replicated testing paired with within-family selection is the solution for balancing long-term gain and diversity in BP and PP.

Modeling non-catastrophic individual-tree mortality for Pinus radiata plantations in northwestern Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. 1542-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Crecente-Campo ◽  
Peter Marshall ◽  
Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Northwestern Spain

scholarly journals Assessing the genetic variation of tolerance to red needle cast in a Pinus radiata breeding population

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Graham ◽  
Mari Suontama ◽  
Tony Pleasants ◽  
Yongjun Li ◽  
Martin K.-F. Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Red Needle Cast

scholarly journals Genetic Variation Amongst and Within the Native Provenances of Pinus radiata D. Don in South-eastern Australia. 3. Molecular and Quantitative Structure

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Raymond ◽  
J. F. G. Tibbits ◽  
M. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Eastern Australia

AbstractPatterns of differentiation between populations within a species can be examined using both molecular and quantitative data, with observed differences indicative of adaptation to local conditions. Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) is a species of commercial importance in many countries but also listed as conservation dependent in its native range on the Californian coast and two off shore islands. This paper presents a comparative analysis of existing molecular data with new quantitative data from a large provenance/progeny trial in southeastern Australia. Microsatellite data was reanalysed using a Bayesian model to test whether the a priori assumption of five natural occurrences was valid. With the validity of the geographic structure confirmed, two further approaches were used to examine genetic structure 1. a comparative study of Fstand Qstestimates to investigate the role of drift and selection in shaping the differentiation between the populations for breeding traits and 2. population clustering based on both quantitative and molecular data. Results strongly support the hypothesis that the island provenances of Pinus radiata are distinctly different to the mainland provenances. The molecular evidence also indicates the island provenances are different to each other. However, these differences were not apparent for the quantitative traits related to tree growth and form. The two island populations were however, strongly differentiated from each other for wood density and acoustic velocity. The patterns of phenotypic differentiation of the island provenances for these wood traits are both consistent with, and greater than, that observed for the molecular data, providing some evidence for directional selection on these traits. This study provides a background for the interpretation of molecular studies aimed at detecting molecular signatures of selection and associating genetic variation within genes with these traits.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the physical and mechanical properties of wood using a novel organo-montmorillonite/hyperbranched polyacrylate emulsion

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Xu ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Ling Long ◽  
Ru Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Modified Wood

AbstractIn this work, a novel waterborne hyperbranched polyacrylate (HBPA) dispersed organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) emulsion was synthesized and used for the treatment of wood in a vacuum environment in order to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The sapwood of Cathay poplar (Populus cathayana Rehd.) and Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) were used as the samples for experimentation. The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the wood improved significantly due to the successful penetration of the OMMT and HBPA into the wood cell wall. From it was also observed that OMET completely exfoliated from the HBPA matrix and formed a hydrophobic film covering on the inside walls of the cell lumen. Further, it was observed that the poplar sample displayed better mechanical properties than the pine sample because the pine has a more compact structure when compared to poplar and contains rosin. Furthermore, it was also observed that the mechanical properties of the modified wood sample gradually improved with an increase in the concentration of the emulsion. However, excessive concentration (>4 wt%) did not lead to further improvement.

Performance differences in Pinus radiata progeny with differing site nutrient availability

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2410-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Carson ◽  
M F Skinner ◽  
A T Lowe ◽  
M O Kimberley
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Two intensive harvesting trials with contrasting nutrient capital were examined for genetic × environment interactions to age 5 years after planting. Treatments included differences in removal of organic matter and in site preparation and weed control, with each treatment having both fertilized and nonfertilized plots. Three harvest treatments (both fertilized and nonfertilized) were common to both sites, with two additional treatments at one site. There were four replicate plots of each treatment combination at each site, with two trees from each of three control seed lots and 47 open-pollinated families chosen to represent the range of performance for growth planted in each plot. Large differences among sites and among treatments in both growth and foliar nutrient concentration were observed. Genetic × site interactions and genetic × treatment within site interactions were seldom significant. Significant interactions did not appear to be related to changes in rankings of families, but rather to the differences in variance among families in different treatments. This study suggests that selection of specific radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) families for better growth performance on nutrient-deficient sites in New Zealand would not result in substantial improvement over selection for growth on all sites disregarding nutrient availability.

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