scholarly journals Plywood adhesives using PF resin with fibrillated bark slurry from radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don): utilization of flavonoid compounds from bark and wood. IV

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Horito ◽  
Naoko Kurushima ◽  
Keiko Ono ◽  
Yoshikazu Yazaki
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds

scholarly journals Enhancement of the physical and mechanical properties of wood using a novel organo-montmorillonite/hyperbranched polyacrylate emulsion

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Xu ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Ling Long ◽  
Ru Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Modified Wood

AbstractIn this work, a novel waterborne hyperbranched polyacrylate (HBPA) dispersed organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) emulsion was synthesized and used for the treatment of wood in a vacuum environment in order to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The sapwood of Cathay poplar (Populus cathayana Rehd.) and Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) were used as the samples for experimentation. The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the wood improved significantly due to the successful penetration of the OMMT and HBPA into the wood cell wall. From it was also observed that OMET completely exfoliated from the HBPA matrix and formed a hydrophobic film covering on the inside walls of the cell lumen. Further, it was observed that the poplar sample displayed better mechanical properties than the pine sample because the pine has a more compact structure when compared to poplar and contains rosin. Furthermore, it was also observed that the mechanical properties of the modified wood sample gradually improved with an increase in the concentration of the emulsion. However, excessive concentration (>4 wt%) did not lead to further improvement.

Performance differences in Pinus radiata progeny with differing site nutrient availability

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2410-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Carson ◽  
M F Skinner ◽  
A T Lowe ◽  
M O Kimberley
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Two intensive harvesting trials with contrasting nutrient capital were examined for genetic × environment interactions to age 5 years after planting. Treatments included differences in removal of organic matter and in site preparation and weed control, with each treatment having both fertilized and nonfertilized plots. Three harvest treatments (both fertilized and nonfertilized) were common to both sites, with two additional treatments at one site. There were four replicate plots of each treatment combination at each site, with two trees from each of three control seed lots and 47 open-pollinated families chosen to represent the range of performance for growth planted in each plot. Large differences among sites and among treatments in both growth and foliar nutrient concentration were observed. Genetic × site interactions and genetic × treatment within site interactions were seldom significant. Significant interactions did not appear to be related to changes in rankings of families, but rather to the differences in variance among families in different treatments. This study suggests that selection of specific radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) families for better growth performance on nutrient-deficient sites in New Zealand would not result in substantial improvement over selection for growth on all sites disregarding nutrient availability.

scholarly journals Structure, Mechanical Performance, and Dimensional Stability of Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) Scrimbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jinguang Wei ◽  
Fei Rao ◽  
Yuxiang Huang ◽  
Yahui Zhang ◽  
Yue Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Shearing Strength

Natural wood has certain advantages such as good processability and high specific strength and thus has been used for millennium as a structural material. But the mechanical performance and water resistance, particularly for fast-growing species, are unsatisfactory for high-end applications. In this study, the “new-type” scrimber technology was introduced to radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) scrimbers. The structure, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability of the scrimber panels were investigated. Results showed that OWFMs as basic units of scrimber had been very even in size and superior permeability. The scrimbers exhibited a three-dimensional porous structure, and the porosity had a decrease with increasing density. Both OWFMs and densification contributed to the high performance in terms of mechanical properties and water resistance. The flexural, compressive, and short-beam shearing strength were significantly enhanced with increasing density. As the density was 0.80 g cm−3, the flexural strength (MOR) was approximately 120 MPa, much larger than many selected wood-based panels. Moreover, the water resistance and dimensional stability also were closely related to the density. At the density of 1.39 g cm−3, the water absorption rate and thinness swelling rate of the panels in boiled water were only 19% and 5.7%, respectively.

Trichoderma atroviride promotes growth and enhances systemic resistance to Diplodia pinea in radiata pine (Pinus radiata) seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Regliński ◽  
N. Rodenburg ◽  
J. T. Taylor ◽  
G. L. Northcott ◽  
A. Ah Chee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Diplodia Pinea

Photosynthetic Activity of Leaves of Pinus radiata and Nothofagus fusca After 1 Year of Growth at Elevated CO2

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Hogan ◽  
D Whitehead ◽  
J Kallarackal ◽  
JG Buwalda ◽  
J Meekings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Triose Phosphate Utilisation

Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) and red beech (Nothofagus fusca (Hook. f.) Oerst.) were grown for over 1 year at elevated (ELEV, 64 Pa) and ambient (AMB, 38 Pa) CO2 partial pressure in open-top chambers. Springtime measurements of overwintering leaves showed that light- and CO2-saturated photosynthetic rates (Amax) of pine leaves were similar for the two treatments (AMB: 6.7 � 1.08 μmol m-2 s-1, mean � 1 s.e.; ELEV: 6.6 � 0.47) but, for beech leaves, Amax was greater for AMB plants (8.8 � 0.90 μmol m-2 s-1) than for ELEV plants (6.10 � 0.71). Summertime measurements of leaves grown that spring showed that for pine, Amax was similar in the two CO2 treatments (AMB 14.9 μmol m-2 s-1 � 0.80; ELEV: 13.5 � 1.9) while, for beech, Amax was higher in AMB plants (21.0 � 1.1) than in ELEV plants (17.2 � 1.9), although the difference was not statistically significant. These results indicate downregulation of photosynthetic capacity of beech but not pine. Vcmax did not differ between treatments within species, suggesting that there was no acclimation of rubisco activity. Triose phosphate utilisation limitation may have contributed to the downregulation of Amax in beech. For pine, photosynthesis at treatment CO2 partial pressures was greater in ELEV plants in both spring and summer. For beech measured at treatment CO2 partial pressures, photosynthesis was greater in ELEV plants in summer, but was similar between treatments in the springtime.

The influence of Pinus radiata, Quercus suber, and improved pasture on soil chemical properties

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Noble ◽  
I. P. Little ◽  
P. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Permanent Pasture

Soil acidification and related land degradation issues are assuming increasing importance in Australia and challenging the concept of sustainability of current land management systems. In this study, the impacts of tree plantations of 2 species and permanent pasture on soil chemical properties are compared. Soil samples were collected from the top 50 cm (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, 20–30, and 30–50 cm depths) from 3 adjacent sites carrying pasture and monocultures of Pinus radiata (radiata pine) and Quercus suber (cork oak) on a deep-surfaced yellow podzolic soil, and differences in soil pH and other soil chemical properties were examined. In the surface 0–5 cm, pH was similar at all 3 sites. Below that depth, soil pH was significantly lower and exchangeable Al greater under the cork oak stand than at the other 2 sites. Consistent with a decrease in soil pH there was significantly less exchangeable Ca under cork oak. Also, less clay was observed under the cork oak stand and this is taken as evidence of the degradational impact of soil acidification. An estimate of Ca in the top 50 cm of the soil implies considerable loss of Ca under oak, probably by leaching and loss of litter down the slope. Evidence is presented to show that there has been more Fe and Al movement under oak than under pasture and pine, this being ascribed in part to the greater Al and Fe mobilising capacity of the water-soluble component extracted from freshly fallen leaf litter of oak. The Fe and Al composition of the oxalate extract from concretionary material at 10–30 cm under oak is consistent with a process similar to podzolisation. Pseudogleying of Fe and Al may have accompanied the leaching of bases from the system and a reduction of pH.

Effects of green pruning on growth of Pinus radiata

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2067-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Neilsen ◽  
E A Pinkard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Green Pruning

Pruning of plantation trees is completed to produce knot-free timber and veneer logs, thus increasing the value of the plantation. A long-term study (11 years) was established to investigate the effects of selective pruning on radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) stem growth. The 175 stems selected for the experiment had been pruned to 2.4 m at 6 years of age. At ages 8 and 10, the trees were pruned to 45%, 60%, or 75% of tree height and growth was compared with a control (first lift pruned only). Pruning to 45% of tree height had no effect on growth to age 13 years. Responses to the other treatments were apparent soon after pruning and continued until measurements ceased at 17 years of age. Pruning to 60% or 75% of tree height at second lift reduced diameter increment, and increment decreased as pruning severity increased. There was a further separation of the growth curves following third-lift pruning to 60% or 75% of tree height. The results suggested that maintaining a live crown ratio of 55% would minimize effects of pruning on diameter growth. The effect of severe pruning on diameter increment was greater for subdominant trees than for dominant stems. Pruning had less effect on height than diameter increment, but all treatments involving pruning to 75% of height at third lift resulted in trees that were approximately 10% shorter than unpruned trees at 13 years of age. More severe second-lift pruning resulted in smaller diameter over stubs at the time of third-lift pruning. Second-lift pruning to 60% of total height produced acceptable diameter over stubs. Implications for management are discussed.

Detection and mapping of resin canals by image analysis in transverse sections of mechanically perturbed, young Pinus radiata trees

IAWA Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Thomas ◽  
David A. Collings
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Flatbed Scanner ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Resin Canals

We describe a novel, semi-automatic method for the detection, visualisation and quantification of axially oriented resin canals in transverse sections of Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) trees. Sections were imaged with a flatbed scanner using circularly polarised transmitted light, with the resin canals that contained only primary cell walls appearing dark against a bright background of highly-birefringent tracheids. These images were analysed using ImageJ software and allowed for a non-biased, automated detection of resin canals and their spatial distribution across the entire stem. We analysed 8-month-old trees that had been subjected to tilting to induce compression wood and rocking to simulate the effects of wind. These experiments showed that both rocking and tilting promoted the formation of wood and confirmed that resin canals were most common adjacent to the pith. Both the rocking and tilting treatments caused a decrease in the number of resin canals per unit area when compared to vertical controls, but this change was due to the increased formation of wood by these treatments. In tilted samples, however, analysis of resin canal distribution showed that canals were more common on the lower sides of stems but these canals were excluded from regions that formed compression wood.

Implications of selection history on genetic architecture of growth, form, and wood-quality traits in Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2372-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. D. Burdon ◽  
G. T. Stovold ◽  
L. D. Gea
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Selection History

Clonal trials of Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine), representing two populations (or breeds), one selected for growth and form (GF) and the other selected for high wood density as well as growth and form (HD), were replicated on two low-altitude New Zealand sites: Tarawera (pumice soil, 38°08′S) and Woodhill (coastal dune, 36°42′S). The GF material comprised 33 pair-crosses (19 parents) × 10 clones, and the HD material comprised 19 single-pair crosses (35 parents) × 10 clones, with six ramets per clone per site. Diameter (DBH), two tree-form variables, and needle retention (NRA) were assessed 8 years after planting, and wood density (DEN), acoustic velocity, and collapse were assessed 9 years after planting. The site differences were generally expressed more strongly in the GF population. Estimated genetic parameters were mostly similar for the two breeds, except that genotypic correlation between DBH and DEN was apparently zero in the HD population. Estimated broad-sense heritabilities (H2) were generally markedly higher than narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2), except with DEN. Estimated between-site type-B clonal genotypic correlations were generally high (>0.8) for wood properties. Overall, DBH showed adverse genetic correlations with wood properties. The Elite/Breed strategy appeared to be helpful in combating adverse genetic correlations.

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