Provenance Variation in Phenology of Needle Initiation in White Spruce

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Provenance Variation ◽  
Terminal Buds

Rates of needle initiation in lateral branch terminal buds averaged about six primordia per day between mid-May and mid-September in 10 provenances of white spruce. Variation among the provenances was not apparent until late September; a correlation then emerged between accumulated primordia and height growth. The correlation became increasingly strong in October. Slower growing provenances did not increase their primordia after early September.

Observations on the Distribution of the Spruce Bud Midge (Rhabdophagaswainei Felt) in Black and White Spruce Crowns and Its Effect on Height Growth

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Cerezke
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Height Loss ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Tree Height Growth

Populations of the spruce bud midge (Rhabdophagaswainei Felt) were sampled on 1 to 6 ft tall black and white spruces (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP. and P. glauca (Moench) Voss) in central Alberta. The incidence of attacked buds is described in relation to tree height and crown aspect, and in relation to terminal buds of the leader and top whorl branches. Some characteristics of the infested bud are given to assist in its recognition in the field.After leader terminal buds of young white spruce were removed to simulate midge damage, height loss during the same year averaged 25.3%. Normal height growth was resumed in the following year from an apical-dominant lateral branch. The study suggested that, for general surveys, a count of the number of attacked terminal leader buds in young spruce could provide a useful index of midge abundance and provide the basis for estimating its impact on tree height growth.

Population studies of white spruce. II. Natural inbreeding and relatedness among neighboring trees

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Park ◽  
D. P. Fowler ◽  
J. F. Coles
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
The Self ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Lethal Genes

Natural inbreeding and relatedness among neighboring trees were studied in several central New Brunswick populations of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss). Coefficients of relationship (r) were estimated by comparing the self-, neighbor-, open-, and unrelated-pollination effects on percent full seed. The estimates were 0.29 and 0.28 for neighbor and open pollinations, respectively. The effects of natural inbreeding on juvenile traits, e.g., germination and early growth, were slight while the effect on height growth increased with age at least to age 7 years. Neighboring white spruce trees growing in natural stands appear to be related at about the half-sib level (r = 0.25). Based on percent full seed, open-pollination approximates a level of inbreeding expected from trees related at a level well above that of half-sibs. Differential selection at the pre-embryo to early seedling stages results in progenies again related at the half-sib level. It is suggested that an inbreeding equilibrium exists in natural stands of white spruce and that this equilibrium approximates that expected from half-sib matings (F = 0.125). The inbreeding equilibrium is controlled, at least in part, by the frequency of lethal genes in the populations.

scholarly journals Application of Nursery Testing in Long-Term White Spruce Improvement Programs

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Kathy Tosh ◽  
Yill Sung Park ◽  
Michele S. Fullarton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Positive Assortative Mating ◽  
The Family ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Polycross-pollinated white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) families were evaluated in field and retrospective nursery tests in 1989, 1991, and 1992, respectively. Height growth was measured at age 10 for the field tests and at ages 1 to 6 for the retrospective nursery tests. Except for a few cases, the family mean correlations between nursery and field heights were significant for the 1989 and 1992 series, and their corresponding genetic correlations ranged from low to medium (from 0.37 to 0.74). Because of heavy noncrop competition, height growth in the 1991 nursery series showed consistently lower heritabilities and correlations with field performance compared with those of the other two series. Early nursery selection by theoretical prediction was generally efficient for the 1989 and 1992 series. Rank classification analysis indicated that application of early nursery selection should be used with caution for identifying elite families but could be used to cull inferior families or clones, apply multiple-stage selection, or perform positive assortative mating.

Thermodormancy in Seedlings of Eucalyptus obliqua L'herit

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Blake
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Terminal Buds

High (30°C) day and night temperatures reduced mainstem elongation in E. obliqua seedlings resulting in a temporary quiescence in height growth after 8 days of high temperature treatment; rapid stem elongation did not recommence when seedlings were returned to conditions usually favourable to growth. Associated with the onset of quiescence were: an increase in the respiratory quotient and a decrease in the respiration rate of upper terminal buds; an accumulation of inhibitory substances; and an increase in total polyphenols in the stem.

Early growth of planted spruce

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Burdett ◽  
L. J. Herring ◽  
C. F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity

Observations were made on the growth of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and Engelmann spruce (P. engelmanni Parry), each planted at a single location in the interior of British Columbia. In both species bareroot stock (either 2 + 0 seedlings or 2 + 1 transplants) with a low root growth capacity made only limited height growth during the first two seasons after planting. In the first season, many short stem units were formed, whereas in the second season, stem units were much longer but many fewer. The length of needles formed after planting by the bareroot trees was, in the first season, only about half that of needles formed the previous year in the nursery. Needle length increased slightly in the 2nd year. Container-grown trees (1 + 0 seedlings from 336-mL containers), which had a high root growth capacity, made relatively good height growth in the first season when they formed long needles and stem units. Height growth by these seedlings was much less in the second season, however, as were needle length and stem unit number, but not stem unit length. Application of slow release N,P, and K fertilizer at planting improved shoot growth by bareroot trees more in the second season than the first. In contrast, the container-grown stock made a large shoot growth response to fertilization in both the first and the second seasons. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that, as root establishment proceeds, shoot growth tends to be limited by the supply, first of water, then of mineral nutrients. This implies that the early growth of planted spruce can be maximized by using stock with a high root growth capacity, or other adaptations to drought, and applying slow release fertilizer at planting. Observations on the white spruce revealed an acceleration in shoot growth by both stock types during the third season. This followed the establishment, by the end of the second season, of root systems several metres in diameter. A large difference in height: diameter ratio, observed at the time of planting, between the container-grown and bareroot white spruce disappeared entirely in the course of the first three growing seasons.

Height growth pattern of white spruce in relation to site quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Wang ◽  
P.L. Marshall ◽  
K. Klinka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Quality

Black and White Spruce Plantings in Minnesota: Container vs Bareroot Stock and Fall vs Spring Planting

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Better Than

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) styrob-lock and paperpot and 3-0 and 2-2 seedlings were planted spring and fall. After four seasons of growth the container seedlings had survival and height growth as good or better than the nursery seedlings. There were no differences in performance between the two container systems. The 2-2 stock generally had better survival than the 3-0 stock. Survival of fall-planted stock was equal to or better than that of the spring-planted stock. Key words: white spruce, black spruce, styroplugs, paper pots, seedlings, transplants, artificial regeneration, fall vs spring planting

Dwarf mistletoe on white spruce in Sprucewoods Provincial Park, Manitoba

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. French ◽  
F. A. Baker ◽  
John Laut
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Provincial Park

Pure stands of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) have been decimated by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumpusillum Peck) in Sprucewoods Provincial Park. Infection ranged from 100% in some stands to 25% in stands invaded more recently. Large trees may live 40 years or longer after being infected. Trees with brooms, which previously had annual radial increments of 0.67 cm at 1.4 m, had annual increments in the last 5 years of 0.04 to 0.14 cm. White spruce less than 2 m tall were absent on all but one of the plots where the total number of seedlings decreased 20% in 2 years, and 24–27% of the surviving seedlings were infected. Dwarf mistletoe infection reduced annual height growth of infected seedlings 40% in 1977.

How well can we select undamaged site trees for estimating site index?

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D Nigh ◽  
Bobby A Love
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Unbiased Estimates

The best estimates of site index, an indicator of site productivity, are obtained from site trees. Undamaged site trees should be sampled to obtain unbiased estimates of site index. Two juvenile height growth modelling projects provided us with sufficient data to assess our ability to select undamaged lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) site trees. The sample trees were split open to measure height growth from the terminal bud scars. Splitting the stems also revealed damage that was not visible from the outside of the tree. Over 50% of the lodgepole pine trees and 75% of the white spruce trees had damage, which was much higher than expected. Possible causes of damage are frost and insects. The damage does not significantly reduce the height of the spruce trees, but there is evidence that the heights of the lodgepole pine trees are reduced.

Predicting natural regeneration of white spruce in boreal mixedwood understories

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Stewart ◽  
Simon M. Landhäusser ◽  
Kenneth J. Stadt ◽  
Victor J. Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Feather Moss ◽  
Moss Cover ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Soil Clay

Successful mixedwood management in the boreal forest of Alberta requires better knowledge of the occurrence and success of natural white spruce regeneration. In this study we developed statistical models to predict the natural establishment and height growth of understory white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in the boreal mixedwood forest in Alberta using data from 148 provincial permanent sample plots, supplemented by measurements of the amount and height growth of regenerating white spruce, and the amount and type of available substrate. A discriminant model correctly classified 73% of the sites as to presence or absence of a white spruce understory based on the amount of spruce basal area, rotten wood, ecological nutrient regime, soil clay fraction and elevation, although it explained only 30% of the variation in the data. On sites with a white spruce understory, a regression model related the abundance of regeneration to rotten wood cover, spruce basal area, pine basal area, soil clay fraction, and grass cover (R2 = 0.36). About half of the seedlings surveyed grew on rotten wood, and only 3% on mineral soil, and seedlings were 10 times more likely to have established on these substrates than on litter. Exposed mineral soil was rare, covering only 0.3% of the observed transect area, rotten wood covered 4.5%, and litter/undisturbed forest floor covered the remainder. The regression models developed for average relative height growth rate included feather moss cover, stand age and birch basal area for seedlings ≤ 1 m (R2 = 0.23), and feather moss cover, elevation, other moss cover and soil clay fraction for seedlings between 1 m and 3 m (R2 = 0.27). Key words: Picea glauca, seedling establishment, seedbeds, site factors, coarse woody debris, predictive models, mixedwood management

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