Variabilité de la densité du bois et de la production des provenances d'épinette blanche, 20 ans après plantation

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beaulieu ◽  
A. Corriveau
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Densité Du Bois ◽  
Forest Farm

The variability of wood specific gravity and yield of 23 white spruce provenances from the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region was studied 20 years after planting at Harrington Forest Farm, Québec. The results indicate no relationship between wood specific gravity of provenances and their respective growth performance. The southwestern section of this region showed a small decrease in wood specific gravity, but it was compensated for by a strong increase in volume growth, resulting in an important gain in dry weight productivity. The variability of white spruce wood specific gravity was split into three sources: 11% was attributed to provenance differences, 8% to provenance and repetition interaction, and the remainder to differences among trees of the same provenance and to experimental error. In a breeding program, a first selection should be made at the provenance level on the basis of volume productivity and a second selection on the basis of wood specific gravity values within the selected provenances, to maximize the overall genetic and economic gain.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic correlations among volume, wood specific gravity and foliar traits in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Pike ◽  
R. A. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Foliar Traits

Abstract White spruce is highly valued by the forest products industry in North America. Through tree improvement efforts, selected genotypes can exceed wild sources by 30% in volume. Negative correlations between growth and wood specific gravity have been established, but differences in leaf morphology between high and low performing genotypes are less well understood. We sampled five trees from each of 30 families at each of two locations in a 25-year old progeny test in Minnesota. One wood core was collected from each tree to sample wood specific gravity (WSG), along with a branch collected from the upper crown to examine foliar traits. We confirmed negative correlations between stem volume and WSG, but several families combined high wood volume with only small reductions in WSG. Leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were positively, genetically correlated with volume growth but not correlated with WSG. Increased growth rates of selected genotypes may be attributed, in part, to shifts in allocation to leaves and in leaf morphology that may optimize light interception.

Determination of Wood Specific Gravity in Standing White Spruce Using a Pilodyn Tester

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Micko ◽  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Fred W. Taylor ◽  
Alvin D. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Selection Program ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
Gravity Estimation

A simple spring-load pin-ejecting instrument, the "Pilodyn", was used to assess wood specific gravity of standing white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees. Pin penetrations in both debarked and unpeeled trees were compared with outerwood specific gravity determined from actual core samples taken near the Pilodyn test spots. High degrees of correlation were found for Pilodyn penetration measurements and the outerwood specific gravities. The Pilodyn tester can be used in tree specific gravity estimation as part of a selection program for tree improvement.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND GROWTH RATE ON DRY WOOD PRODUCTION IN PLANTATION-GROWN WHITE SPRUCE

1967 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Chang ◽  
R. W. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Tree Breeding Program ◽  
Dry Wood ◽  
Improve Rate

Two hundred and thirty-two white spruce trees were sampled from 29 plots in 6 localities in southern Ontario. Specific gravities of discs cut at four-foot intervals were determined for each tree. The amount of dry wood substance contained in each tree was obtained by multiplying weighted, whole tree specific gravity by tree volume. Although specific gravity was negatively correlated with growth rate, this reduction in dry weight per unit volume was minor in relation to the increased volumes associated, with rapid growth rates.The equation using the regression of the logarithm of dry wood production on tree age was determined. Trees having dry wood production of more than 1.5 times the standard error of estimate indicated by the regression lines were selected as superior trees. The characteristics of these superior trees together with the environments in which they grew were examined. The absence of any relationship with environmental factors suggested a genetic cause of above-average wood production. Superiority of a tree was mainly due to fast radial growth rate. The prospect of designing a tree breeding program to improve rate of dry wood production is discussed.

Wood quality of white spruce from north central Alberta

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
North Central ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation

Wood specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured from increment cores and discs of 10 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees from each of four stands in the Slave Lake forest of north central Alberta. Such measurements were used to indicate the variation of wood properties among trees and within individual stems. The specific gravity of white spruce grown in the Slave Lake area was somewhat greater than that found in the Edson and Footner Lake areas reported earlier. Tracheid length was comparable to that found in trees from Footner Lake and longer than that from the Edson trees on the same age basis. Within a tree, growth rate affected wood specific gravity negatively. However, no correlation was evident between these parameters among trees. Seven trees were examined intensively to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith-to-bark and stump-to-crown are reported. Contrary to the Edson and Footner Lake trees, a very high corewood specific gravity was not observed. Tracheid length increased from pith to the periphery and from stump to crown.

Root rot damage in naturally regenerated stands of spruce and balsam fir in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Root Decay ◽  
Forest Region

In an 11-year study in northern Ontario, root rot damage was heaviest in balsam fir, intermediate in black spruce, and least in white spruce. As a result of root rot, 16, 11, and 6%, respectively, of dominant or codominant trees of the three species were killed or experienced premature windfall. Butt rot, which resulted from the upward extension of root rot into the boles of living trees, led to a scaled cull of 17, 12, and 10%, respectively, of gross merchantable volume of the remaining living trees in the three species. The total volume of wood lost to rot was, therefore, 33, 23, and 16%, respectively. Of 1108 living dominant and codominant balsam fir, 1243 black spruce, and 501 white spruce in 165 stands, 87, 68, and 63%, respectively, exhibited some degree of advanced root decay. Losses resulting from root rot increased with tree age. Significant amounts of root decay and stain (>30% of root volume) first occurred at 60 years of age in balsam fir and 80 years in black spruce and white spruce. For the three species together, the proportion of trees that were dead and windfallen as a result of root rot increased from an average of 3% at 41–50 years to 13% at 71–80 years and 26% at 101–110 years. The root rot index, based on the number of dead and windfallen trees and estimated loss of merchantable volume, also increased, from an average of 17 at 41–50 years to 40 at 71–80 years and 53 at 101–110 years. Death and windfall of balsam fir and black spruce were more common in northwestern Ontario than in northeastern Ontario. Damage to balsam fir was greater in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Forest region than in the Boreal Forest region. In all three tree species, the degree of root rot (decay and stain) was highly correlated with the number of dead and windfallen trees, stand age, and root decay at ground level (as a percentage of basal area) for a 10-tree sample.

Wood Specific Gravity in Species from Two Tropical Forests in Mexico

IAWA Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina Barajas-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest

The specific gravity of 220 woody species, half of them from a tropical rainforest, half from a tropical deciduous forest was measured. The two groups were compared using a Student t-test. The results show highly significant differences in specific gravity between the species from the two areas: woods from the dry deciduous forest tend to be much heavier than those from the rainforest.

scholarly journals Pan tropical biomass equations for Mexico's dry forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Návar
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Tropical Dry Forests ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Ecological Importance

This study reports a set of robust regional M-tree allometric equations for Mexico's tropical dry forests and their application to a forest inventory dataset for the States of Durango and Sinaloa, Mexico. Calculated M data from 15 reported equations were fitted, applied and validated for regional and global models. Proposed theoretical models, empirically derived equations, as well as global and local reported equations were fitted and applied to calculated M-tree data using wood specific gravity, diameter at breast height, and top height as exogenous variables. Empirically-derived, computer-based equations assessed the M-tree evaluations slightly better than the theoretical, the global and the local models. However, the theoretical models projected compatible M-tree values and deserve further attention once wood specific gravity data are collected in the field. Using the best fit equation, mean M plot density values of 30, 41 and 35 Mg ha-1 were estimated from 57 plots (1,600 m2 each), 217 plots (1,000 m2 each) and 166 plots (1,000 m2 each) in the tropical dry forests of the States of Durango, Tiniaquis and Vado Hondo (Sinaloa), respectively. The large sample size, the richness of the tested allometric models, the economic and ecological importance of this data-source, and the spatial coverage of these equations made this dataset uniquely useful for biomass, charcoal, and other bio-energy estimations, as well as for understanding the inherent heterogeneity of the stand-structure in dynamic tropical forest environments.

Place of Wood Specific Gravity in the Development of Advanced-Generation Seed Orchards and Breeding Programs

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
J. B. Jett ◽  
J. T. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The North ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Advanced Generation

Abstract Data from thinnings of 11 genetic tests with an average age of 10 years and from 364 eight-year-old second-generation selections were analyzed to provide an estimate of gain from one cycle of selection for wood specific gravity. Utilizing mid-parent, mature, wood specific gravities and progeny juvenile wood specific gravities, coefficients of genetic prediction, CGP = 0.55 and 0.41, were calculated for the genetic test thinning sample and second-generation selection sample. Expressed as a percentage of the mean, gain from selection was calculated to be 2.6 percent. A strategy was also developed to include wood specific gravity in the North Carolina State Cooperative's second-generation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) improvement program. High heritability figures indicate little need to develop extensive family information for wood specific gravity in advanced-generation breeding programs.

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