Wood quality of white spruce from north central Alberta

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
North Central ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation

Wood specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured from increment cores and discs of 10 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees from each of four stands in the Slave Lake forest of north central Alberta. Such measurements were used to indicate the variation of wood properties among trees and within individual stems. The specific gravity of white spruce grown in the Slave Lake area was somewhat greater than that found in the Edson and Footner Lake areas reported earlier. Tracheid length was comparable to that found in trees from Footner Lake and longer than that from the Edson trees on the same age basis. Within a tree, growth rate affected wood specific gravity negatively. However, no correlation was evident between these parameters among trees. Seven trees were examined intensively to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith-to-bark and stump-to-crown are reported. Contrary to the Edson and Footner Lake trees, a very high corewood specific gravity was not observed. Tracheid length increased from pith to the periphery and from stump to crown.

Specific gravity and tracheid length variation of white spruce in Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Taylor ◽  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Alvin Yanchuk ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation ◽  
Unusual Finding

Specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured for increment cores from 10 trees in each of four selected white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands in Alberta. The data show large specific gravity differences among sample stands and from tree to tree within stands. Longer tracheids were found in mature wood of trees grown in the more northern stands sampled. A few trees were intensively examined to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith to bark and stump to crown are reported with comments on the importance of these variation patterns to breeding programs for the improvement of the wood properties. A somewhat unusual finding was that white spruce produces wood in top logs that is of equal or greater specific gravity and tracheid length than wood produced in butt logs.

scholarly journals Variation in Wood Quality in White Spruce (Picea Glauca (Moench) Voss). Part I. Defining the Juvenile–Mature Wood Transition Based on Tracheid Length

Forests ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyriac Mvolo ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Alain Cloutier ◽  
Marc Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Tracheid Length

GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF FIBER LENGTH AND COARSENESS BASED ON PAPER PRODUCT PERFORMANCE AND MATERIAL VARIABILITY – A REVIEW

IAWA Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Via ◽  
Michael Stine ◽  
Todd F. Shupe ◽  
Chi-Leung So ◽  
Leslie Groom
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Improvement of specific gravity through tree breeding was an early choice made in the mid 20th century due to its ease of measurement and impact on pulp yield and lumber strength and stiffness. This was often the first, and in many cases, the only wood quality trait selected for. However, from a product standpoint, increased specific gravity has shown to lower many paper strength and stiffness properties and has been assumed to be directly attributable to increased fiber coarseness. As a result, it is currently not clear which fiber trait would best benefit a tree improvement program for paper products. This review found coarseness to be perhaps more important to paper strength and stiffness whereas tracheid length showed better promise from a breeding point of view due to its independence from specific gravity. However, both traits possessed strong heritability and influence on product performance and thus both would be beneficial to breed for depending on organizational goals and end product mix. The objective of this paper is to review and prioritize coarseness and tracheid length from both an end use and raw material perspective. To aid in prioritization, the variation, correlation, and heritability of both traits were reviewed along with significant genetic and phenotypic correlations. Variation trends within and between families as well as within a tree were reviewed.

Determination of Wood Specific Gravity in Standing White Spruce Using a Pilodyn Tester

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Micko ◽  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Fred W. Taylor ◽  
Alvin D. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Selection Program ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
Gravity Estimation

A simple spring-load pin-ejecting instrument, the "Pilodyn", was used to assess wood specific gravity of standing white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees. Pin penetrations in both debarked and unpeeled trees were compared with outerwood specific gravity determined from actual core samples taken near the Pilodyn test spots. High degrees of correlation were found for Pilodyn penetration measurements and the outerwood specific gravities. The Pilodyn tester can be used in tree specific gravity estimation as part of a selection program for tree improvement.

Wood Specific Gravity of Trees in Amazonian White-Water Forests in Relation to Flooding

IAWA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Wittmann ◽  
Jochen Schöngart ◽  
Pia Parolin ◽  
Martin Worbes ◽  
Maria T. F. Piedade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Core Section ◽  
White Water ◽  
Várzea Forests

Wood specific gravity (SG) was analysed from wood cores of 180 individuals belonging to 58 common upper canopy tree species of late successional white water (várzea) forests in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Central Amazon Basin. We tested for a SG gradient of trees along the flood gradient. Mean SG in the low várzea was 0.62 g cm-3, in the high várzea 0.57 g cm-3. SG tended to increase with height and duration of flooding. In the two species that occurred in both forest types (Hevea spruceana, Tabebuia barbata) SG was significantly lower in the high várzea trees. Therefore, height and duration of flooding seem to be important factors influencing growth and wood properties in várzea trees. In addition, SG variation depended on the core section and to a lesser extent on tree diameter and height. Compared to trees in Amazonian upland ecosystems, SG of the várzea trees was lower than SG in Central and Eastern Amazonian terra firme, but was within the same range reported for Western Amazonian terra firme.

Aerial Fertilization Increases Volume and Weight of Planted Loblolly Pine

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian R. Beckwith ◽  
Mervin Reines
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity

Abstract Two loblolly pine plantations were examined after one was fertilized by airplane, and wood properties of dominant and co-dominant trees in each were compared. Although there was a relative reduction in wood specific gravity after fertilization, the data suggest that treated trees produced a greater weight of wood per tree than did the controls.

A New Approach for the Evaluation of Wood from Fertilized Trees

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. R. Sastry ◽  
A. Kozak ◽  
R. W. Wellwood
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Statistical Sampling ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cell Weight ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity

A new approach is presented to evaluate the effects of fertilizer application on wood properties of Douglas-fir, in particular weight of tracheid and its length. A specially developed quartz ultra-microbalance was used to weigh tracheids (holocellulose and alpha cellulose skeletons), from wood formed by trees treated with four different formulations (urea, NPK, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3).Following the year of fertilization, tracheid weight decreased or remained static for 1 or 2 years; subsequently there was an increase in the weight of individual cells. Highly significant correlations (R2 more than 64%) were found between length of tracheid and weight of carbohydrate material in it. Variations in cell weight following fertilizations, for the most part, were associated with changes in tracheid length.Although the study was not intended as a statistical sampling for the species, the results nevertheless illustrate that qualitative differences attributable to treatment composition (urea vs. NPK vs. (NH4)2SO4) exist, in that some treatments resulted in less weight of alpha cellulose per unit length of tracheid, when compared with normal wood tracheids. This reduction in cellulose fraction was suggested as a possible factor for differences observed in gross wood specific gravity in wood of some fertilized trees.

Growth and Wood Properties in a Carolina Sandhills Pine Seed Source Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Jett ◽  
W. M. Guiness
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Excellent Growth

Abstract Eight pine sources were planted on a sandhills site in South Carolina. Total height, dbh, wood specific gravity, tracheid length, and fusiform rust (Cronartium quercum [Berk.] Miyabe ex. Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) infection were evaluated following 17 growing seasons. The Choctawhatcheesource of sand pine (Pinus clausa [Chapm.] Vasey) is apparently well adapted to the deep sands of the Carolina sandhills and exhibited superior height and diameter growth to slash pine, two local sources of loblolly pine (P. taeda L.), and two sources of Virginia pine (P. virginiana Mill.). A combination of excellent growth and reasonable survival resulted in significantly more cubic foot volume per acre than the other seed sources or species included in this study. Despite having the lowest weighted specific gravity of all sources in this planting, the Choctawhatchee sand pineproduced more than twice as much dry weight per acre than any other source. A single open-pollinated family of drought-hardy loblolly pine from Bastrop County, TX, displayed excellent growth, survival, rust resistance, and wood quality. Its performance warrants a more careful and wider evaluationof this seed source for use on these difficult sandhills sites in the Carolinas. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):164-169

Drainage Effect on Growth and Wood Quality of Some Bog Grown Trees in Alberta

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Michael M. Micko ◽  
Ted Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
End Use ◽  
Drainage Effect

Growth rate, wood relative density and tracheid length variation were examined for three species: black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch), from two drained wetland sites of north-central Alberta. Increased rates in radial and volume growths were noted for tamarack, white spruce and to a lesser extent, black spruce. The increases were particularly remarkable in younger trees. Accompanying the rapid growth, wood relative density and tracheid length tend to decrease after drainage, at least for a period of several years. In certain trees, the marked decreases in wood relative density might affect the end use of the trees. Key words: drainage, radial growth, volume growth, wood relative density, tracheid length.

Geoclimatic Patterns in Specific Gravity and Tracheid Length in Wood of Pitch Pine

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thomas Ledig ◽  
Bruce J. Zobel ◽  
Martha F. Matthias
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Selection For

Increment cores, 12 mm diameter, were taken from pitch pine throughout its natural range and analyzed for tracheid length, unextracted specific gravity, and extracted specific gravity. Tracheid length and specific gravity increased from north to south along topoclines. However, correlations with climatic variables such as mean annual snowfall, date in the spring when mean temperature reaches 6 °C (43 °F), or daylength on that date, were more closely related to tracheid length and specific gravity than geographic location perse, indicating the existence of ecoclines. It is hypothesized that the geoclimatic patterns are the pleiotrophic result of selection for shorter. growing seasons in northern latitudes. Variance components indicated substantial variation in specific gravity among trees within stands and among areas, but not among stands in areas. For tracheid length, all three sources of variation were significant. Correlations between wood properties were low when calculated among trees within stands.

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