Genetic control of wood density profile in young Douglas-fir

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Loo-Dinkins ◽  
J. S. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference

The relative density profile from pith to bark was examined in young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stems at 1.3, 0.7, and 0.4 m above the ground. The trees represented 22 half-sib families growing at two progeny test locations. The objective was to evaluate the reliability of wood samples taken from below breast height (1.3 m) for selection for relative density in young coastal Douglas-fir progeny tests. The relative density profile appeared to be different for the first 6 or 7 years from the pith at the different sampling heights, but the difference decreased with cambial age. Genetic correlation estimates were sufficiently high to indicate identical genetic control at the three sampling heights, but heritability estimates were higher at 1.3 and 0.7 m than at 0.4 m. Sampling at 0.7 m is as effective as at 1.3 m. This allows reliable selection 1 to 2 years earlier than by sampling at 1.3 m.

Correlated responses of height increment and components of increment in 2-year-old Douglas-fir

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1124-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeki Kaya ◽  
R. K. Campbell ◽  
W. T. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phenological Event

The consequences for growth and phenology of early selection for height or its growth components were evaluated in 160 open-pollinated families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from southwestern Oregon. Seedlings from two inland and two coastal populations (40 families each) were grown for two growing seasons in a common garden. Predicted response to selection suggests that risk of low juvenile–mature correlation and maladaptation with early selection would be less in the inland than in the coastal region. A phenological event that influences a common growth pattern seems to account for the difference in response. Early bud set in the 1st year was genetically correlated with larger overwintering buds in seedlings from both inland and coastal regions. These larger buds yielded a large increment of predetermined growth in the 2nd year, followed by little or no free growth and early bud set. Seedlings with late bud set in the 1st year had the converse pattern. Inland seedlings set buds much earlier on the average than did coastal seedlings; hence seedlings from the two regions had different growth patterns. Risks that can attend early selection for height generally would be decreased in both regions by selecting for predetermined growth, but several qualifications are discussed.

Genetic control of bud phenology in pole-size trees and seedlings of coastal Douglas-fir

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
W.T. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Bud Phenology ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Lateral Branches

The extent to which bud phenology is genetically controlled and related to growth traits was examined in seedlings and pole-size trees of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Data on bud burst, bud set, and stem growth were collected from pole-size trees of 60 open-pollinated families growing in four plantations, and from seedlings of 45 of these same families growing in three trials. In both age-classes, bud burst was under moderate to strong genetic control (h2 ≥ 0.44) and family breeding values were stable across test environments, indicating that this trait could be readily altered in breeding programs. Bud set was inherited strongly in pole-size trees (h2 = 0.81) but weakly in seedlings (h2 < 0.30). Both bud burst and bud set were positively correlated with growth in seedlings and pole-size trees. Thus, selection for greater growth at either age-class is expected to delay bud burst and bud set. We also evaluated the accuracy of two alternatives for assessing bud burst phenology in pole-size trees compared with the traditional method. We show that bud-burst date on lateral branches can be used to accurately rank both individuals and families for bud-burst date on less accessible leader shoots. In addition, we found that families can be ranked for mean bud-burst date by the proportion of trees per family that have flushed on a given scoring day. This method is only effective, however, when between 25 and 75% of all trees in the test have flushed at the time of scoring.

scholarly journals Performance and Genetic Parameters of Somatic and Zygotic Progenies of Coastal Douglas-fir at 71/2-Years across Washington and Oregon, USA

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dean ◽  
D. E. Welty ◽  
G. E. Herold
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Clonal Heritability

Abstract Five genetic tests involving 37 somatic clones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were planted March 2000 in Weyerhaeuser plantations across western Washington and Oregon States, USA. Four of the tests are in Longview, Twin Harbors and Vail regions of Washington, and one test is in Springfield, Oregon. Each test is based on single-tree plots with 12 randomized complete-blocks. The 37 coastal Douglas-fir clones were propagated by somatic embryogenesis from four full-sib families. Zygotic seedlings from two of these full-sib families were planted across all five tests to allow comparison between somatic and zygotic trees of the same pedigree. Results are reported for survival, stem height, diameter at breast-height (DBH), volume and stem sinuosity at 71/2- years. On average the total population of 37 somatic clones had less stem sinuosity, but grew more slowly than zygotic trees across the five tests studied. However, the best 20% of somatic clones for growth produced 25% greater stem volume at 71/2-years than the zygotic fullsib families. Height had a clonal heritability of 0.61 ± 0.09, DBH 0.64 ± 0.06, volume 0.58 ± 0.08 and stem sinuosity 0.26 ± 0.06. The clonal genetic correlation between height and DBH at 71/2-years was 0.98 ± 0.01, while stem sinuosity was adversely genetically correlated with growth. Clonal performance for growth and stem sinuosity was stable across tests with overall between-test correlations of 0.96 to 0.98. This clonal stability resulted in little variance due to clone x test interactions.

Genetic control of mineral concentration and yield in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), with special emphasis on minerals related to grass tetany

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Smith ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
M. W. Anderson ◽  
H. S. Easton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Low K

Grass tetany is a common metabolic disorder of ruminants in southern Australia. To investigate the genetic control of mineral concentrations leading to this disorder, replicate populations of perennial ryegrass half-sib families were grown at Hamilton and Timboon in southern Australia. Variation in herbage yield, and Mg, P, K, Ca, Na, Cl, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and K/(Mg+Ca) (tetany ratio) concentrations in the herbage of these families was measured in the early spring of 1994. Large environmental effects on herbage mineral concentration were detected, with location differences accounting for 60–80% of the total variance. Both the mean and range for mineral concentration were similar for each population. As expected, Mg, Ca, and K were significantly correlated with tetany ratio; however, the concentrations of other minerals were not consistently associated with tetany ratio. Tetany ratio and Mg showed a negative genetic correlation in both groups. The genetic correlation for tetany ratio with K or Ca was less repeatable across groups. Significant family variance components (σ2f) were detected for yield, Mg, Ca, K, and tetany ratio, and narrow-sense heritabilities for these traits were moderate to high (h2 = 0·46–0·81). However, family location interactions were also significant, with σ2fl often >σ2f. A large proportion of the family location interaction for K and Mg concentration was associated with non-rank family changes indicating that family selection for low K or high Mg concentration would be effective across environments. However, family × location effects for Ca and tetany ratio were associated with substantial rank changes across locations. Selection for increased Mg concentration would appear the most suitable strategy for reducing the tetany ratio of perennial ryegrass, with possibly different cultivars required for the environments represented by Hamilton and Timboon.

Genetic variation of wood density components in young coastal Douglas-fir: implications for tree breeding

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1801-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Vargas-Hernandez ◽  
W. T. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Control Individual ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

The genetic control of wood density components (earlywood density, latewood density, and latewood proportion) and their relationships with overall density in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) were examined to assess the usefulness of this information in breeding for wood density. The genetic relationships of wood density with intraring density variation and bole volume growth were also investigated. Increment cores were taken at breast height from 15-year-old trees of 60 open-pollinated families. Averages across each core for overall wood density, its components, and intraring density variation were determined by using X-ray densitometry. Bole volume at age 15 for the same trees was derived from tree height and diameter at breast height measurements. Although wood density components varied significantly among families and were under moderate genetic control (individual-tree heritability (hi2) > 0.24), none had a higher heritability than overall density (hi2 = 0.59). Density components had strong genetic correlations with overall density (r ≥ 0.74) but were also strongly related among themselves (0.57 ≤ r ≤ 0.92). Thus, density components have limited value in improving the efficiency of selection for overall density. Overall density was positively correlated with intraring density variation (r = 0.72) and negatively correlated with bole volume (r = −0.52). Comparison of several selection indices incorporating wood density and one or more growth traits, however, showed that it is possible to obtain substantial gains in bole volume without loss in (or even with a modest increase in) wood density. By restricting the response in wood density, the change in intraring density variation can also be limited.

Genetic resistance of spruce to gall-forming adelgids (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2536-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bains ◽  
F. Isik ◽  
W.B. Strong ◽  
B. Jaquish ◽  
J.A. McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Partial Diallel

Adelgids (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) gall vegetative and reproductive shoots of interior spruce (Picea spp.), causing growth impairment, seed loss, and aesthetic decline. We tested the theory that susceptibility to galling is under genetic control in spruce. We assessed natural galling incidence in a spruce progeny test located in southern British Columbia. The experiment was composed of a replicated 13-parent incomplete, partial diallel with 42 full-sib families. Moderate evidence of genetic control of susceptibility–resistance was observed with individual narrow-sense heritability of 0.17. We observed considerable genetic variation among parents for resistance to gall formation as shown by high heritability (0.87) of family means. Breeding values for parental susceptibility to adelgid attack ranged between 0.25 and 0.76, indicating that selection for reduced susceptibility would be successful. The benefits of screening for resistance to adelgid attack are discussed in relation to adelgid pest management, insect’s life-cycle, and tree health.

Genetic variation of wood shrinkage in a progeny test of coastal Douglas-fir

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1734-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew P. Koshy ◽  
Donald T. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Longitudinal Shrinkage ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Ring Position

Directional (longitudinal, tangential, and radial) and volumetric wood shrinkage were analyzed in 413 trees belonging to 48 full-sib families (four pollen and 12 seed parents) from an 18-year-old coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) progeny test. Six samples per ring position (ring positions 1–5 from pith along stem radii), with two rings in each ring position, were examined in a bolt taken at breast height from the tree. Genetic effects were minimal for shrinkage, except for longitudinal shrinkage at ring positions 1 and 2. High variability was expressed among trees within plots and among samples within trees (circumferential variation). The lack of statistically significant family variance eliminates the possibility of improving the shrinkage traits by genetic means, except for longitudinal shrinkage in the first few rings. However, the high amount of variability expressed between trees within plots and between samples within trees warrants special attention for achieving uniformity of wood. Much of this variability can be reduced by silvicultural methods.

Wachstum und Wertleistung der Douglasie in Abhängigkeit von der Standraumgestaltung

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Klädtke ◽  
Ulrich Kohnle ◽  
Edgar Kublin ◽  
Andreas Ehring ◽  
Hans Pretzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Monetary Analysis ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Tree Number ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Further Development

Growth and value production of Douglas-fir under varying stand densities The investigation is focused on the effects of initial tree number and thinning on growth and value performance of Douglas-fir stands. Data base is a coordinated Douglas-fir spacing experiment in South Germany, started 40 years ago and comprising variants of tree numbers with 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Douglas-firs per hectare. The treatment was performed according to a standardized experiment program. The results show that at low initial tree numbers, the diameter on breast height (DBH) of (pre)dominant trees at the beginning of the observations (with 12 m top height) is bigger than at higher initial plant numbers. Accordingly, the quotient of height (H) to DBH (as an indicator for tree's static stability) is lower. The further development of DBH and H/DBH quotient is decisively determined by stand treatment, which superimposes the effect of the initial tree number. The total volume growth shows a clear differentiation, too, the variants with initially high tree numbers appearing on top. In the monetary analysis, this ranking is reversed: despite a supposed inferior wood quality, the variants with lower initial tree numbers clearly outperform the ones with higher numbers in terms of value. From these results, the following silvicultural recommendations for Douglas-fir can be derived: the initial tree numbers should be in the range from 1,000 to 2,000 plants per hectare. On technically not accessible sites, even lower tree numbers may come into question. The strong influence of stand treatment on DBH and H/DBH development highlights the problem of postponed thinnings, for this causes growth and stability losses even under favorable starting conditions in terms of competition.

The effect of exposure to conspecifics on restlessness in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. King
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

AbstractWhen habitat quality is variable, there should be strong selection for the ability to detect and respond to the variation. Adult females of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) are known to increase their restlessness (the proportion of time in locomotion) both during and after exposure to a poor quality host. Doing so provides a mechanism for leaving a poor host and potentially finding a better host. This study examined whether restlessness also changes in response to competition as indicated by the presence of adult conspecifics. Both restlessness and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment were greater when a female was with another female than when she was alone. However, restlessness did not remain elevated after the other female was removed. In contrast with females, restlessness of males did not increase either during or after exposure to other males, and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment was unaffected by the presence of another male. The difference between females and males may be related to differences in dispersal ability and in the abundance and distribution of hosts versus mates.

scholarly journals An examination of the genetic control of Douglas-fir vascular tissue phytochemicals: Implications for black bear foraging

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Kimball ◽  
G.R. Johnson ◽  
Dale L. Nolte ◽  
Doreen L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Douglas Fir
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document