A probability distribution model for age–age correlations and its application in early selection

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1550-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Magnussen
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Normal Approximations ◽  
Optimum Selection ◽  
Optimum Selection Age ◽  
Tree Performance

Bootstrap-generated distributions of age–age correlations of stem volume in a red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) spacing trial supported the contention of the β distribution as a realistic model for age–age correlations in small populations where normal approximations are inappropriate. The model describes age–age correlations as a repeatability of tree performance. The orthonormal decomposition of the total variance into among- and within-tree variance components was derived from Fourier-transformed time series of the trait values. Applications for early selections include (i) finding the optimum selection age for various numbers of selections made and (ii) predictions of age–age correlations.

An Approach to Assessing Competition in Young Red Pine Plantations

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
James E. Johnson ◽  
Scott G. Lindow ◽  
Robert Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Tree Class ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Tree Performance

Abstract Several 5- and 6-yr-old red pine plantations in central Wisconsin were sampled to assess the performance of crop trees and the levels of competing vegetation. A simple tree class system was devised to classify the level of brush competition on a fixed area plot surrounding each sampled crop tree. The tree class was significantly correlated with several measured and derived competition variables, and was also strongly related with three tree performance variables: height, volume, and biomass. Tree Class 1, the lowest competition level, was associated with significantly greater tree heights, volumes, and biomasses for both age groups. Logistic regression equations were developed to derive a quantitative relationship between competition, as measured by tree class, and crop tree performance. Performance was judged to be either adequate or inadequate based on an arbitrary set of standards for both volume and biomass. From the regression equations, probabilities of successful performance were calculated. For volume index and biomass, the Class 1 trees, or the trees with the lowest levels of competition, had success probabilities ranging from 76 to 89%. For the Class 4 trees, or the trees with the highest levels of competition, success probabilities ranged from 3 to 16%. North. J. Appl. For. 12(3):101-108.

scholarly journals Taper, Volume, and Weight Equations for Red Pine in West Virginia

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichun Jiang ◽  
John R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
West Virginia University ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
Taper Equation ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Compatible taper, volume, and weight equations were developed for planted red pine in West Virginia. The data were based on stem analysis of 26 trees from West Virginia University Research Forest, located in northern West Virginia. A commonly used segmented polynomial taper equation was chosen because of its balance between prediction accuracy and ease of use. Seemingly unrelated regression was used to simultaneously fit the system of equations for inside and outside bark data. When compared with existing total stem volume equations developed by Fowler (Fowler, G.W., 1997, Individual tree volume equations for red pine in Michigan, North. J. Appl. For. 14:53–58) and by Gilmore et al. (Gilmore, D.W., et al., 2005, Thinning red pine plantations and the Langsaeter hypothesis: A northern Minnesota case study. North, J. Appl. For. 22:19–25), a positive bias was evident that increased directly with stem diameter for trees from this region.

A growth model based on the self-thinning rule

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Smith ◽  
D. W. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Crown Closure

A two-staged stand growth model is developed to describe the relationship between biomass or volume and numbers of stems in even-aged, monospecific plant populations undergoing self-thinning. The model is tested on red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) seedlings and red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) stands grown over a range of site qualities and initial spacings. First, survival rate is modelled as a Weibull distribution. This is then fit to an analytical size–density model to give growth estimates. Crown closure is estimated to occur at a relative density of 0.09 for red alder, while initial mortality is estimated to occur at a relative density of 0.12 for red pine. Net stand growth rates peaked at a relative density of 0.54 for red alder biomass and from relative densities from 0.40 (widest initial spacing) to 0.55 (densest initial spacing) for red pine total stem volume. Site quality merely shifted the magnitude of these relationships. The model adds a dynamic component to the self-thinning rule and also generalizes and extends the rule to stand development between crown closure and the self-thinning asymptote.

Optimum selection age for wood density in loblolly pine

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1393-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Gwaze ◽  
K J Harding ◽  
R C Purnell ◽  
F E Bridgwater
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Core Density ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Optimum Selection ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Optimum Selection Age

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for core wood density of Pinus taeda L. were estimated for ages ranging from 5 to 25 years at two sites in southern United States. Heritability estimates on an individual-tree basis for core density were lower than expected (0.20–0.31). Age–age genetic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations, particularly those involving young ages. Age–age genetic correlations were high, being greater than 0.75. Age–age genetic correlations had a moderately linear relationship, while age–age phenotypic correlations had a strong linear relationship with natural logarithm of age ratio. Optimum selection age for core density was estimated to be 5 years when calculations were based on both genetic and phenotypic correlations. However, age 5 was the youngest examined in this study and optimum selection age may be younger than 5. Generally, the optimum selection age was robust to changes in breeding phase and assumptions concerning age-related variation in heritability estimates. Early selection for core density would result in a correlated increase in earlywood density but little progress in latewood density or latewood proportion at maturity.

Optimum selection age for height in shortleaf pine

New Forests ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gwaze
Keyword(s):  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Optimum Selection ◽  
Optimum Selection Age

A model of stand allometry and biomass allocation during the self-thinning process

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 990-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Thinning Process ◽  
The Relationship

A growth model is developed to describe the relationship between any measure of size and number of stems in even-aged, monospecific plant populations during self-thinning. The model is tested on red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) seedlings and red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) stands grown over a range of site qualities and initial spacings. Allometric relationships between plant dimensions are shown to change over time, finally approaching a stable value defined by a generalized self-thinning rule. Because of unique intraspecific plant geometry, allometric relationships appear to be more consistent within than between species. The priorisation for red alder biomass allocation with stand development was as follows (P < 0.05): branches > stem ≥ leaves ≥ root ≥ 2 nodules. For red pine the slope and intercept of the maximum size–density line were greater (P < 0.05) for merchantable versus total stem volume. A new approach for constructing stand density programs is presented.

Critical period of interspecific competition for northern conifers associated with herbaceous vegetation

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 890-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Wagner ◽  
Gina H Mohammed ◽  
Thomas L Noland
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation

Using critical-period analysis, we examined the temporal effects of interspecific competition from herbaceous vegetation on seedlings of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) during the first 5 years after planting. The critical period is the time period during stand development when interspecific competition reduces tree growth. We found both similarities and differences in responses among tree species. Gains in stem volume index associated with increasing duration of vegetation control (expressed by weed-free curves) differed among species. In contrast, declines in stem volume index with increasing duration of competition after planting (expressed by weed-infested curves) were equal among species. Critical periods for stem volume index were shorter for shade-intolerant jack and red pine (1 and 2 years after planting) than for more shade-tolerant white pine and black spruce (1-3 years for spruce and 1-4 years for white pine). Intolerant species had greater absolute stem volume growth, but smaller relative declines from continuous association with herbaceous vegetation (85, 81, 78, and 67% for white pine, black spruce, red pine, and jack pine, respectively). Herbaceous vegetation did not affect survival and had a variable influence on height growth of all species.

Time trends of genetic parameters and genetic gains and optimum selection age for growth traits in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) based on progeny tests conducted throughout Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraoka ◽  
Masahiro Miura ◽  
Eitaro Fukatsu ◽  
Taiichi Iki ◽  
Taro Yamanobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Optimum Selection ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Optimum Selection Age

scholarly journals Managing succession in conifer plantations: converting young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations to native forest types by thinning and underplanting

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Parker ◽  
Daniel C. Dey ◽  
Steven G. Newmaster ◽  
Ken A. Elliott ◽  
Eric Boysen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
White Ash

The effects of thinning on growth and survival of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and understory plant diversity were examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Five years after thinning, seedling diameter, height, and stem volume were positively correlated with thinning intensity and the size of canopy openings. Percent survival did not differ among thinning treatments, but was significantly higher in white ash and white pine than red oak. Understory vegetation included 113 species, with species richness increasing with thinning intensity and proximity to neighbouring plant communities. Thinning to create relatively large canopy openings in combination with underplanting can promote the natural succession of young pine plantations to native forest species. Keywords: direct seeding, plant diversity, natural regeneration, red oak, restoration, white ash, white pine

scholarly journals Application of Fuzzy Optimization to Production-Distribution Planning in Supply Chain Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ariafar ◽  
S. Ahmed ◽  
I. A. Choudhury ◽  
M. A. Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Optimization ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Time Value Of Money ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Inventory Holding

A production-distribution model has been developed that not only allocates the limited available resources and equipment to produce the products over the time periods, but also determines the economical distributors for dispatching the products to the distribution centers or retailers. The model minimizes production, inventory holding, backordering, and transportation cost while considering the time value of money. Since uncertainty is an inevitable issue of any real-world production system, then to provide a realistic model, the concept of fuzzy sets has been applied in the proposed mathematical modeling. To illustrate and show the feasibility and validity of the model, a real case analysis, which is pertaining to a mineral water bottling production factory, has been used. The case has been solved using a three-step solution approach developed in this study. The results show the feasibility and validity of the mathematical model, and also the solution procedure.

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