Chondrostereum purpureum as a biological control agent in forest vegetation management. III. Infection survey of a national field trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M Becker ◽  
L Alex Ball ◽  
Michael T Dumas ◽  
Doug G Pitt ◽  
Ronald E Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
Speckled Alder

A nationally coordinated field trial was established in the summer of 1995 to assess the utility of Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar as a biocontrol agent for several weedy deciduous species. In this study, C. purpureum infection of cut stumps was surveyed 4 months following applications of the biocontrol agent in New Brunswick and Ontario field trials. The use of diagnostic molecular genetic markers to detect and identify C. purpureum was compared with morphological identification methods. Samples of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) from the New Brunswick trials confirmed infection with the biocontrol isolates of C. purpureum, and no cross contamination of treatment applications was detected. Analyses of recovered fungal samples from aspen and speckled alder (Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.) in Ontario also confirmed the success of biocontrol infection. The percentage of C. purpureum infected stumps differed between hosts in the Ontario trials. An average of 84% of speckled alder stems and 54% of aspen stems were estimated to have been infected by the applied isolates of C. purpureum. Given a sufficient number of samples, this methodology can provide an early indication of successful stump infection by C. purpureum, a prerequisite for effective weed biocontrol.

Chondrostereum purpureum as a biological control agent in forest vegetation management. I. Efficacy on speckled alder, red maple, and aspen in eastern Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 841-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Pitt ◽  
M T Dumas ◽  
R E Wall ◽  
D G Thompson ◽  
L Lanteigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Speckled Alder ◽  
Stump Sprouts

As part of a national initiative, a series of experiments were established to evaluate the field efficacy of the indigenous fungusChondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar as a biological agent in woody vegetation control. Separate experiments involving manual cuttings of speckled alder (Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) employed a common suite of treatments and randomized complete block design with five replications. Treatments, applied between June 26 and 29, 1995, included two formulations, each combined with two fungus isolates, 2139 from British Columbia and JAM6 from Ontario. Cutting only (no treatment) and stump treatments with triclopyr (Release®) and blank formulations were used as controls. Two growing seasons after treatment, triclopyr provided significantly greater control of target species than C. purpureum. The fungus exhibited its greatest efficacy on alder, resulting in a 72% reduction in stem volume index and 19% clump mortality over untreated controls. On red maple, isolate 2139 provided a 32% reduction in the volume of stump sprouts. On aspen, both isolates of C. purpureum resulted in a 35% reduction in the volume of stump sprouts and isolate 2139 provided an 88% reduction in the volume of root suckers. Efficacy appeared to vary among fungus isolates and target species, while formulation was less important.

Chondrostereum purpureum as a biological control agent in forest vegetation management. II. Efficacy on Sitka alder and aspen in western Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Harper ◽  
P G Comeau ◽  
W Hintz ◽  
R E Wall ◽  
R Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
Stem Mortality

A national research program was established to test the field efficacy of the native fungal pathogen Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar) for control of hardwood vegetation. During 1995, two fungal isolates were applied as a biocontrol agent to the cut stumps of Populus tremuloides Michx. (trembling aspen) and Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) Á. Löve & D. Löve (Sitka alder). Treatments consisted of two formulations (BC, ON) in combination with two fungal isolates (2139, JAM6), blank formulations, cutting only, triclopyr herbicide application, and an uncut control. Analysis of Sitka alder clump mortality indicated isolates JAM6 and 2139 in combination with the BC formulation caused clump mortality of 90 and 88%, respectively. The blank formulation treatments caused the lowest clump mortality and appeared to promote sprouting and growth of Sitka alder when compared with cutting alone. At the aspen installation, the BC formulation with isolate 2139 was found to be the most effective fungal treatment resulting in 84% aspen stem mortality. The results from both installations suggest that C. purpureum efficacy appears to be dependent on the virulence of the isolate and the formulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Propagation Tray Design on Early Stage Root Development of Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, and Populus tremuloides 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darby McGrath ◽  
Jason Henry ◽  
Ryan Munroe ◽  
Erin Agro
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Red Maple

Abstract This experiment investigated the effect of different plug-tray cell designs on root development of red maple (Acer rubrum), red oak (Quercus rubra), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. In April of 2015, seeds of each species were sown into three plug trays with different substrate volumes and grown for 17 weeks. Two trays had permeable walls for air-pruning, one with vertical ribs and one without. The third tray had impermeable plastic cell walls. Harvested seedlings were analyzed for root dry weight, length, volume, surface area and number of deflected roots. Root length per volume was highest in the impermeable-walled tray for red maple and quaking aspen. The total numbers of deflected root systems were higher for all species in the impermeable-walled tray. Seedlings grown in the air-pruning trays had smaller proportions of deflected root masses. Greater substrate volume did not influence root deflection development. The air-pruning tray without vertical ribs had the lowest total number of root masses with misdirected roots and lower proportions of root masses with misdirected roots for all species. These results indicate that improved root architecture in root-air pruning tray designs is achievable in tree propagation; however, vertical plastic structures in air-pruning trays can still cause root deflections. Index words: Deflected roots, air-pruning, seedling, propagation, plugs, root architecture. Species used in the study: red maple (Acer rubrum L.); red oak (Quercus rubra L.); quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.).

Efficacy of Flupyradifurone, Pyriproxyfen and Horticultural Oil, and Dinotefuran Against Gloomy Scale (Melanaspis tenebricosa Comstock)

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Kevin Chase ◽  
Elden LeBrun ◽  
Chad Rigsby
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Major Pest

Gloomy scale (GS)(Melanaspis tenebricosa) is a major pest of red maple (Acer rubrum) across much of the eastern USA. Current pesticide recommendations for GS management are efficacious when applications are made at the appropriate time. However, appropriate timing may not always be possible. For instance, the tree owner may not contact pest management professionals in time to make timely applications. We established a field trial to determine the efficacy of the pesticides pyriproxyfen plus horticultural oil and dinotefuran, as well as a relatively new pesticide available in the ornamental woody plant market, flupyradifurone, against GS. There were three primary goals of this study: (1) to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of pyriproxyfen plus horticultural oil and dinotefuran; (2) to compare flupyradifurone with these two generally recommended treatments; and (3) to assess whether flupyradifurone is effective when applications are made later in the summer. We found that pyriproxyfen plus horticultural oil, dinotefuran, and flupyradifurone applications made during the active crawler period were equally efficacious, statistically, and that flupyradifurone treatments applied later in the summer were not statistically differentiable from untreated controls. While these pesticide applications are effective at suppressing GS populations, plant health care tactics aimed at preventing outbreaks should be prioritized and incorporated into the complete pest management strategy.

Chromated Copper Arsenate Preservative Treatment of North American Hardwoods. Part 1. CCA Fixation Performance

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stevanovic Janezic ◽  
P.A. Cooper ◽  
Y.T. Ung
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
North American ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Chromated Copper Arsenate ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Copper Arsenate

Summary We have examined chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood preservative fixation at two selected temperatures in seven common North American hardwood species: red maple (Acer rubrum L.), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), basswood (Tilia americana L.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). The softwood red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) was included for comparison. CCA component fixation was monitored by the expressate method at both 21°C and 50°C under non-drying conditions. Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) and total Cr, Cu and As contents of the expressate were determined at different times during fixation. Based on CCA fixation results it was possible to divide the examined hardwoods into a fast fixing group (beech, red oak and red maple), intermediate group (white birch and red pine) and slow fixing group (aspen, yellow poplar and basswood). The variable fixation rates for the different species could not be directly related to different anatomical and chemical attributes of the studied hardwoods, although there was an apparent relationship with density with more dense species fixing faster than low density species. However, the species differences appeared to be mainly influenced by types and amounts of extractives in the woods. In red maple, extraction resulted in a slowing of the fixation rate, while the opposite effect was seen in red oak.

Analysis of gene expression in red maple (Acer rubrum) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) populations from a mining region

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Kalubi ◽  
P. Michael ◽  
A. Omri
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Mining Region

scholarly journals Increasing amounts of coir dust in substrates do not improve physical properties or growth of tree seedlings in a novel air-pruning propagation tray1

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Ryan Munroe ◽  
Darby McGrath ◽  
Jason Henry
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Coir Dust ◽  
Eastern White Cedar ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract Air-pruning can improve tree seedling root quality in propagation by subjecting root tips to desiccation, thereby avoiding deflections, but also increases substrate dry-out rates. Several studies have indicated that coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) coir dust can enhance water holding properties, possibly benefiting trees grown in air-pruning trays. However, water availability characteristics are influenced by particle size. In this experiment, coir dust was added into a sphagnum peat-perlite substrate mix at rates of 10, 15 and 20%. An industry standard peat-perlite mix was tested as a fourth substrate type. Red oak (Quercus rubra L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) were grown from seed in these four substrate types. Physical and chemical properties of all substrate types were analyzed pre-experiment. The particle size distribution was finer and more even in the peat-perlite mix compared to the three coir mixes. The higher proportion of coarse particles in the 20% coir mix may have reduced water availability. Seedlings grown in the 15 and 20% coir mixes had lower above and below-ground growth compared to the 10% coir and peat-perlite mixes in all species except red oak. Index words: soilless media, water holding capacity, air space, particle size distribution, chlorophyll content, tree growth. Species used in the study: red oak (Quercus rubra L.); red maple (Acer rubrum L.); quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.); eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.).

Early effects of pre- and post-harvest herbicide application and partial cutting in regenerating aspen – jack pine mixtures in northeastern Ontario

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
James A. Rice ◽  
G. Blake MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Post Harvest

Silvicultural options to obtain mixtures of broadleaved and conifer tree species in boreal forests remain limited, especially for mixtures of broadleaves and shade-intolerant conifers. In this study, we tested a series of treatment packages that included variation in harvesting pattern, site preparation, renewal treatments, and timing and patterns of tending to establish trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) mixedwoods in intimate mixtures or spatial mosaics in northeastern Ontario. Preharvest spray resulted in fewer but better growth of aspen suckers compared with postharvest spray, which both reduced sucker density and decreased their vigour. Partial cutting reduced aspen regeneration in both the harvested and leave corridors but did not affect other broadleaved species, in this case predominantly red maple (Acer rubrum L.). After treatment, the rapid development of understory vegetation (shrubs, herbs, and grasses) and regeneration reduced total light transmittance at 0.5 m but had no effect at 4.0 m after 5 years. Future stands will be jack pine dominated following both pre- and post-harvest sprays, despite higher density, more uniform distribution, and better growth of broadleaved regeneration with preharvest spray, but will be balanced broadleaf and conifer mixtures in the partial cut areas.

Chromated Copper Arsenate Preservative Treatment of North American Hardwoods. Part 2. CCA Leaching Performance

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stevanovic-Janezic ◽  
P.A. Cooper ◽  
Y.T. Ung
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
North American ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Arsenic Leaching

Summary Seven North American hardwood species were vacuum or vacuum/pressure treated with 2% CCA-C solution and fixed at temperatures of 21°C and 50°C under conditions of high relative humidity (95%). The rates of fixation results are presented in Part 1 of this study. Red maple (Acer rubrum L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), basswood (Tilia americana L.) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were evaluated. The softwood red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) was included for comparison. Adequately fixed wood blocks (99.9% chromium reduction) were exposed to leaching by the AWPA E11 procedure. All CCA components were leached in high quantities from oak wood, while from red maple and beech, high arsenic leaching occurred. Leaching losses from aspen, basswood and yellow poplar were low and comparable for both fixation temperatures. In most species, the amount of leaching was affected by the treating method, with lower leaching from pressure treated wood blocks than from vacuum treated blocks. Removal of extractives from maple and oak blocks before treatment affected the CCA leaching performance in these species. Extracted red oak had lower chromium and copper leaching, but higher arsenic leaching. In contrast, extracted red maple had reduced leaching of all CCA components compared to unextracted wood. The examined hardwoods can be classified into three groups according to their CCA fixing and leaching characteristics: fast fixing/high leaching group (beech, red oak and red maple), intermediate fixation rate and leaching group (white birch and red pine) and slow fixing and low leaching group (aspen, yellow poplar and basswood).

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