Chondrostereum purpureum as a biological control agent in forest vegetation management. II. Efficacy on Sitka alder and aspen in western Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Harper ◽  
P G Comeau ◽  
W Hintz ◽  
R E Wall ◽  
R Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
Stem Mortality

A national research program was established to test the field efficacy of the native fungal pathogen Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar) for control of hardwood vegetation. During 1995, two fungal isolates were applied as a biocontrol agent to the cut stumps of Populus tremuloides Michx. (trembling aspen) and Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) Á. Löve & D. Löve (Sitka alder). Treatments consisted of two formulations (BC, ON) in combination with two fungal isolates (2139, JAM6), blank formulations, cutting only, triclopyr herbicide application, and an uncut control. Analysis of Sitka alder clump mortality indicated isolates JAM6 and 2139 in combination with the BC formulation caused clump mortality of 90 and 88%, respectively. The blank formulation treatments caused the lowest clump mortality and appeared to promote sprouting and growth of Sitka alder when compared with cutting alone. At the aspen installation, the BC formulation with isolate 2139 was found to be the most effective fungal treatment resulting in 84% aspen stem mortality. The results from both installations suggest that C. purpureum efficacy appears to be dependent on the virulence of the isolate and the formulation.

scholarly journals Californian thistle and its variable response to the biological control agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
B. Smith ◽  
S.G. Casonato ◽  
A. Noble ◽  
G. Bourd?t
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Californian Thistle

Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a problematic weed particularly in permanent pastures The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has potential as a bioherbicide to control this weed but its variable efficacy in historical field trials suggest that there are differences in susceptibility to S sclerotiorum within the species To test this hypothesis the responses of 32 New Zealand provenances of C arvense to a foliageapplied myceliumonbarley preparation of S sclerotiorum were compared under common conditions Significant differences between provenances were found supporting the hypothesis that there is variation within C arvense in New Zealand in its susceptibility to S sclerotiorum Further work will examine differences in the efficacy of fungal isolates against different C arvense provenances

Metarhizium sp. isolated from dead Pachnoda interrupta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) as a potential entomopathogenic fungus for the pest insect: proof-of-concept for autodissemination

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merid N. Getahun ◽  
Tibebe D. Biasazin ◽  
Yitbarek Wolde-Hawariat ◽  
Jonas M. Bengtsson ◽  
Ylva Hillbur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sustainable Pest Management ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Pachnoda Interrupta ◽  
Sorghum Chafer

Sustainable pest management requires the use of ecosystem-friendly control options (e.g. entomopathogens) coupled with target-specific application methods. Here we investigate the susceptibility of the sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta, Olivier) toMetarhiziumsp., isolated from deadP. interruptaunder field conditions over several years. Target-specific trapping was achieved using Japanese beetle traps or locally made autoinoculation devices, with methyl salicylate or banana as an attractant. Of the attracted and infected beetles, 49% mortality was achieved during October 2005 and 71% during July 2006, while the corresponding mortality in control treatments was 13 and 5%, respectively. We further confirmed that the mortality of the beetles was due to the fungal treatment as 50 and 80% of the dead beetles showed mycosis, respectively. The performance of the pathogen was also investigated in an autodissemination device in 2008 and 2009, where the beetles that were attracted passed through an inoculation chamber. Of the attracted and infected beetles in the autodissemination device, 58.5% (October) and 90.9% (July) were dead within 15 days after treatment. Control mortality was only 3 and 2%, respectively. The potential for horizontal transmission was investigated, where 47% (October) and 59% (July) of the beetles exposed to the pathogen through horizontal transmission were killed. The pathogen was found to be viable for more than 3 days in the field. Our results show thatMetarhiziumsp. has potential as a biological control agent, and for achieving autodissemination using the target pest as the vector.

Effect of application time on the efficacy of Chondrostereum purpureum treatment against the sprouting of birch in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henna Vartiamäki ◽  
Jarkko Hantula ◽  
Antti Uotila
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Decay Fungus ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

To test the effect of application time on the efficacy of a biological control agent to prevent sprouting of cut stumps, birches ( Betula pendula Roth. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were cut and stumps treated with a decay fungus ( Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar) at different times during one growing season. Applications were conducted at 2 week intervals. The presence of fruiting bodies was examined three times during the 2 years following treatment. Sprouting was measured twice. Fructification was most abundant 1 year after the treatment, and the frequency of stumps with fruiting bodies was highest when the stumps were treated between May and July. Treatment reduced the percentage of living stumps compared with controls, except if conducted in late autumn. The reduction was the highest on stumps treated in the middle of July; 2 years after the treatment, only 12.5% of treated stumps were resprouting compared with 74% of control stumps. Also, the number of living sprouts per stump decreased by the treatment, except if conducted in late autumn. Although the number of living sprouts per stump decreased owing to C. purpureum treatment, it had no effect on the maximum height of the sprouts.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic fungi as a promising biological control agent against banana fruit scarring beetle, Basilepta subcostata (Jac.) (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velavan Viswakethu ◽  
Padmanaban Balakrishanan ◽  
Loganathan Murugan ◽  
Baskar Narayana swamy ◽  
Uma Subbaraya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
North East ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Abstract Background Banana fruit scarring beetle (BFSB), Basilepta subcostata (Jac.) (Chrysomelidae:Coleoptera), is an important insect pest feeds on leaf and fingers, which affects the cosmetic value of the fruit. The pest is distributed in Assam, Bihar, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, and North-eastern Hill regions of India. Results The pest is currently managed by foliar spray with insecticides. In order to identify eco-friendly control of the pest, attempts were made to isolate microbial agent and evaluate their potential to control the pest. A total of 27 entomopathogenic fugal isolates were obtained from Odoiporus longicollis (Oliver), Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), Basilepta subcostata (Jac), and other insect Galleria mellonella (Fabr). Based on colony morphology, the collected fungal isolates were identified as Metarhizium spp. (17) and Beauveria spp. (10). Through ITS sequencing, the fungal isolates were further characterized at species level as B. bassiana (8), B. brongniartii (2), M. anisopliae (8), M. robertsii (6), M. guizhouense (2), and M. pinghaense (1). Their sequences were submitted in GenBank and obtained accession numbers. Among 27 isolates tested against B. subcostata under laboratory conditions, 3 isolates (M. anisopliae NRCBEPF-36, M. pinghaense NRCBEPF-7 and B. brongniartii NRCBEPF-27) recorded 100% beetle mortality, followed by 11 isolates with 95–99% and 13 isolates with 88–93% within 8 days of treatment. Conclusion This study highlights the two native North East India isolates B. brongniartii NRCBEPF-27 (MT151781) and M. anisopliae NRCBEPF-36 (MT140308) showed the significance to use as potential biocontrol agents against banana fruit scarring beetle B. subcostata. Further experiments under field conditions are required to evaluate their biological control efficacy against the pest.

Chondrostereum purpureum as a biological control agent in forest vegetation management. III. Infection survey of a national field trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M Becker ◽  
L Alex Ball ◽  
Michael T Dumas ◽  
Doug G Pitt ◽  
Ronald E Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
Speckled Alder

A nationally coordinated field trial was established in the summer of 1995 to assess the utility of Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar as a biocontrol agent for several weedy deciduous species. In this study, C. purpureum infection of cut stumps was surveyed 4 months following applications of the biocontrol agent in New Brunswick and Ontario field trials. The use of diagnostic molecular genetic markers to detect and identify C. purpureum was compared with morphological identification methods. Samples of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) from the New Brunswick trials confirmed infection with the biocontrol isolates of C. purpureum, and no cross contamination of treatment applications was detected. Analyses of recovered fungal samples from aspen and speckled alder (Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.) in Ontario also confirmed the success of biocontrol infection. The percentage of C. purpureum infected stumps differed between hosts in the Ontario trials. An average of 84% of speckled alder stems and 54% of aspen stems were estimated to have been infected by the applied isolates of C. purpureum. Given a sufficient number of samples, this methodology can provide an early indication of successful stump infection by C. purpureum, a prerequisite for effective weed biocontrol.

scholarly journals Kairomone Response, Pesticide Tolerance and Field Efficacy of the Predatory Mite, Neosieulus collegae (De Leon)

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell F. Mizell ◽  
Daniel E. Schiffhauer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Bean Leaves

Abstract Neosieulus (Cydnodromus) collegae (De Leon) (Acari:Phytoseiidae) is a heretofore relatively unknown species of predatory mite. In an olfactometer, female predators were attracted to kairomones produced by Tetranychus urticae Koch, Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor), O. ununguis (Jacobi), Eotetranychus hicoriae (McGregor), and E. sexmaculatus (Riley). Predators were repelled by odors emanating from lima bean leaves treated with Mavrik (fluvalinate) and Ammo (cypermethrin), but unresponsive to those treated with Tame (fenpropathrin) and Talstar (bifenthrin). This predator species was tolerant of residues of Vendex (hexakis), Omite (propargite), Pentac (dienochlor) and Avid (abamectin) but not to residues of Tame (fenpropathrin) and Kelthane (dicofol). Eggs of T. urticae treated with Tame (fenpropathrin) were toxic to the predator when consumed. Female N. collegae would not consume eggs treated with Avid (abamectin); starvation reduced fecundity. Prey eggs treated with Vendex (hexakis) and Omite CR (propargite) were consumed without affecting predator fecundity or mortality. Eggs treated with Pentac (dienochlor) or Kethane (dicofol) were consumed, but significantly reduced predator fecundity. Predators released into plots in a commercial nursery during winter in north Florida reduced field populations of T. urticae within 20–30 days, if released in high numbers. Neosieulus collegae may have significant potential as a biological control agent in nursery crops for control of mite pests.

scholarly journals Molecular Approach for Improving the Stability of Insecticidal Nematodes

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Gaugler ◽  
Itamar Glazer ◽  
Daniel Segal ◽  
Sarwar Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Gene Group ◽  
Stress Genes ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Partial Desiccation ◽  
The Stability

Our overall goal is to improve insecticidal nematodes by genetically engineering strains capable of entering an enhanced state of dormancy that provides improved stability. Objectives: 1. Clone and sequence tps-l homologue from Steinernema carpocapsae. (Revised: A failure to isolate the tps gene group from Steinernema precipitated a redirection to identifying other genes involved in insecticidal nematode desiccation process.) 2. Incorporate cloned tps-l gene into S. carpocapsae to obtain overexpression, thereby, enhancing desiccation tolerance. (Revised: Other stress genes in addition to tps-l genes were cloned and efforts at expression in S. carpocapsae were conducted) 3. Characterize the transgenic strains. No other biological control agent offers more impressive attributes than insecticidal nematodes. However, their potential is limited by the bane of nearly all biological control agents: poor stability. This leads to inadequate shelf-life and ultimately reduced field efficacy. Nematode storage is based on desiccation, yet insecticidal species are only capable of partial desiccation termed quiescent anhydrobiosis. Overwhelming evidence has shown that when the disaccharide compound trehalose is elevated in anhydrobiotic organisms such as yeast, plants, and nematodes it enables these organisms the ability to survive environmental stresses i.e., desiccation. Armed with this information our goal was to improve insecticidal nematodes stability by engineering trehalose overexpression.

scholarly journals Chondrostereum purpureum as an inundative biological control agent for invasive woody weeds in New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 274-274
Author(s):  
T.D. Ramsfield ◽  
C.A. Carlson ◽  
M.W.P. Power ◽  
D. Skudder
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Buddleja Davidii ◽  
Inundative Biological Control ◽  
Salix Matsudana ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum

Chondrostereum purpureum is a basidiomycete fungus that is being investigated as an inundative biological control agent for invasive woody weeds This study was conducted to assess the susceptibility of seven species of weeds to C purpureum The species that were inoculated in this trial were broom (Cytisus scoparius) gorse (Ulex europeaus) buddleia (Buddleja davidii) Himalayan honeysuckle (Leycesteria formosa) hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) poplar (Populus trichocarpa) and willow (Salix matsudana) Two isolates of C purpureum and a control were used and were each replicated 12 times All plants were potted and the trial took place under nursery conditions Mortality and canker size were measured 6 months after inoculation Data were analysed using SAS The highest mortality (50) was recorded for broom with one isolate but very little mortality was observed across the other species A highly significant weed by isolate interaction was observed with regards to lesion length with weed species susceptibility varying with respect to one of the C purpureum isolates Hawthorn and willow had greater lesion lengths after inoculation with the same isolate that had caused mortality in broom The results from this trial are being used to direct a larger field trial

Variation in the mitochondrial DNA of the potential biological control agent Chondrostereum purpureum

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1490-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod D. Ramsfield ◽  
Simon F. Shamoun ◽  
Zamir K. Punja ◽  
William E. Hintz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum

scholarly journals SEBARAN DAN EFIKASI BERBAGAI GENUS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN TERHADAP Riptortus linearis PADA KEDELAI DI LAMPUNG DAN SUMATRA SELATAN

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Yusmani Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Distribution and efficacy on various entomopathogenic fungi at Lampung and South Sumatra as a biological control agent against Riptortus linearis. This study was conducted from June to September 2005.  The fungi were isolated from insect cadavers, insect bait, and soil sample from the soybean land. Each fungal sample was identified  base on their morphology using determination keys.  The fungal isolates were inoculated to the pod sucking bug Riptortus linearis.  The results showed that there were six genera of entomopathogenic fungi that can be isolated, i.e.  Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Metarhizium sp., Verticillium sp., Paecilomyces sp., and  Beauveria sp.  The fungus-induced  mortality of R. linearis varied between 5 - 30%.  Paecilomyces sp. isolated from Lebak Batang Baru induced 25%; Beauveria sp. isolated from Pulung Kencana 25%; Verticillium sp. isolated from Kaliungu 20%. Metarhizium sp. isolated from Terbanggi Subing 20% and Verticillium sp. isolated from Lebak batang Baru 20% mortality. It was suggested that these fungi have potential as biological control agents  for the pod sucking bug in dry acid land.

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