Effect of ovariectomy and estrogen supplementation on brain acetylcholinesterase activity and passive-avoidance learning in rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Das ◽  
Madhu Dikshit ◽  
Shoba R Srivastava ◽  
Umesh K Srivastava ◽  
Chandishwar Nath
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Estradiol Dipropionate ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

The effect of ovariectomy and estrogen treatment on the brain acetylcholinesterase activity and cognition in rats was investigated in this study. Ovariectomized and nonovariectomized rats were treated subcutaneously with estradiol dipropionate for 8 d. In the single-trial, passive-avoidance test all the groups showed significant learning and retention of memory as evident by the increase in transfer latency time in trial 2 as compared with trial 1. No-transfer response was significantly increased in the estradiol-dipropionate-treated ovariectomized (80%) and nonovariectomized (60%) group as compared with the ovariectomized (30%) group. Specific activity of acetylcholinesterase was assayed spectrophotometrically in salt-soluble and detergent-soluble fractions of various brain areas: frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus, thalamus, pons, medulla, and cerebellum. The effect of ovariectomy and estradiol dipropionate was varied in both fractions of these brain areas. Estradiol dipropionate treatment could restore the acetylcholinesterase activity to the control level only in the detergent-soluble fraction of hypothalamus and salt-soluble fraction of hypothalamus, thalamus, and medulla in ovariectomized rats. The results indicate that ovariectomy alters acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain areas but not in a uniform manner and affects only qualitative aspects of cognitive function, which could be improved by estrogen supplementation.Key words: ovariectomy, brain acetylcholinesterase, passive avoidance.

The Effect of Galactose Metabolic Disorders on Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 852-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Tsakiris ◽  
Kleopatra H. Schulpis
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Classical Galactosemia ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Brain Ache ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Abstract To evaluate whether in classical galactosemia galactose (Gal), galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) and galactitol (Galtol) affect brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, various concentrations (1-16 mм) of these compounds were preincubated with brain homogenates of suckling rats as well as with pure eel Electroforus electricus AChE at 37 °C for 1 h. Initially, Galtol (up to 2.0 mм) increased (25%) AChE activity which decreased, thereafter, reaching the control value in high Galtol concentrations. Gal-1-P decreased gradually the enzyme activity reaching a plateau (38%), when incubated with 8-16 mM. However, when the usually found 2 mм of Galtol and 2 mм of Gal-1-P. concentrations in galactosemia were added in the incubation mixture simultaneously, brain AChE was stimulated (16%). Galtol or Gal-1-P modulated brain AChE as well as enzyme activity of E.electricus in the same way. Gal, Glucose (Glu) and glucose-1-phosphate (Glu-1-P) had no effect on AChE activity. It is suggested that Galtol as well as Gal-1-P can affect acetylcholine degradation acting directly on AChE molecule. Consequently the direct action of these substances on the enzyme might explain the brain cholinergic dysfunction in untreated galactosemia patients.

scholarly journals Effect of methyl parathion on the muscle and brain acetylcholinesterase activity of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Cristina de Almeida ◽  
Lúcia Helena Aguiar ◽  
Gilberto Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fast Growth Rate ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Farming of the freshwater fish is emerging in Brazil and many species from the wild are promising. The teleost matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) holds several characteristics such as fast growth rate, high commercial value and adaptability to artificial raring conditions, which make it a promising species for commerce. The use of pesticides in aquatic environment is frequent in Brazil, and methyl parathion is very common in aquaculture. We have determined the enzymatic activity of acetyl cholinesterase in white muscle and brain of matrinxã exposed to 2ppm of environmental methyl parathion for 24 hours. There was 64% and 69% of acetyl cholinesterase inhibition in muscle and brain respectively. These activities were not recovered after 8 days from exposure to this pesticide. It can be concluded that acetyl cholinesterase from those tissues was inhibited by small amounts of methyl parathion, and the main effect was observed in the brain.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF OESTRADIOL IN THE BRAIN, THE PITUITARY AND THE LIVER OF THE RAT

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ball ◽  
M. Haupt ◽  
R. Knuppen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Quantitative Importance

ABSTRACT Radioactive oestradiol was incubated with homogenates of hypothalamus, pituitary and liver and slices of cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, pituitary and liver of ovariectomized rats. 2- and 4-substituted oestrogens were the main metabolites in the brain and were found in the same proportions. In the liver only the 2-substituted oestrogens were the main metabolites, while the 4-substituted ones were of minor quantitative importance. On the basis of wet weight the 2-hydroxylating capacity of the liver was approximately 50 fold greater than that of the brain and the 4-hydroxylating capacity about the same as that of the brain. Only slight differences in the 2- and 4-hydroxylating capacity of various brain areas were observed, although apparently the hypothalamus and the pituitary were more active in the formation of catecholoestrogens than the cortex and the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Antiamnesic Activity of an Ayurvedic Formulation Chyawanprash in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Parle ◽  
Nitin Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Memory Models ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Chyawanprash (Chy) is an ayurvedic formulation commonly consumed in Indian households. Chy is a comprehensive herbal tonic, prepared from around 50 herbs employing anwala (Emblica officinalis) as the basic ingredient. The present study was undertaken to explore the beneficial effects of Chy (at the dose of 1 and 2% w/w of diet) administered daily for 15 successive days in mice with memory deficits. A total of 228 mice divided in 38 groups were employed in this study. Morris water maze, Hebb-Williams maze and elevated plus maze served as exteroceptive memory models, whereas scopolamine (Sco)-induced amnesia and alprazolam (Alp)-induced amnesia served as interoceptive memory models. The brain acetylcholinesterase activity, brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione levels (GSH) were also estimated. The administration of Chy for 15 consecutive days significantly protected the animals from developing memory impairment. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in brain TBARS and increase in GSH levels after administration of Chy (2% w/w), thereby indicating decreased free radical generation and increased scavenging of free radical, respectively. Thus, Chy may prove to be a useful remedy for the management of Alzheimer’s disease owing to its antioxidant effect, pro-cholinergic action and/or antiamnesic potential.

Brain Acetylcholinesterase and a Respiratory Reflex

1957 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Metz
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase ◽  
Respiratory Reflex ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were carried out to determine the correlation, if any, between the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain and the degree of respiratory reflex potentiation and inhibition which occurs after the administration of varied doses of an anticholinesterase, tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP). After a steady state of reflex response was reached (elicited by electrical stimulation of Hering's Nerve), TEPP was injected in varying doses via a cisternal puncture, and the anesthetized dogs were killed at various stages of reflex potentiation and inhibition. Analyses of the AChE activity of representative brain areas indicated that following an initial marked potentiation, maximal at AChE values approximately 84–88% of the controls, there is a gradual but progressive decline in the potentiated respiratory reflex which parallels the fall in the AChE activities of the brain areas vitally concerned with respiration, until respiratory failure was evident when the enzyme activity was 8–11% of the control values. These experiments lend suggestive evidence that a neurohumoral component (e.g. acetylcholine) may be factor in respiratory control.

scholarly journals Вплив гіпертиреозу на процеси навчання та стан гліальних проміжних філаментів головного мозку щурів

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
S. V. Kyrychenko ◽  
V. S. Nedzvetsky
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Polypeptide Band

The influence of hyperthyreosis on oxidative stress, state of glial intermediate filaments and memotry was investigated. Significant increasing of lipid peroxidation products into both hippocampus and cortex and change for the worse of memory was observed. Analysis of the behavioral reactions of rats in the test of passive avoidance conditioned reflex showed that the acquisition of skills of all groups of animals did not differ by time waiting period (latent period). Time saving memory test conditioned reflex of passive avoidance was excellent in the group of rats treated with thyroxine compared with controls. The change of polypeptide GFAP was observed in hippocampus and cortex. Both soluble and filamentous forms of GFAP increased in hippocampus of rat with hyperthyreosis. In filament fractions, increase in the intensity of 49 kDa polypeptide band was found. In the same fraction of insoluble cytoskeleton proteins degraded HFKB polypeptides with molecular weight in the region of 46–41 kDa appeared. Marked increase of degraded polypeptides was found in the soluble fraction of the brain stem. The intensity of the intact polypeptide (49 kDa), as well as in the filament fraction, significantly increased. It is possible that increasing concentrations of soluble subunits glial filaments may be due to dissociation of own filaments during the reorganization of cytoskeleton structures. Given the results of Western blotting for filament fraction, increased content of soluble intact 49 kDa polypeptide is primarily the result of increased expression of HFKB and only partly due to redistribution of existing filament structures. Calculation and analysis of indicators showed high correlation between the increase in content and peroxidation products of HFKB. These results indicate the important role of oxidative stress in the induction of astroglial reactive response under conditions of hyperthyroidism. This data shows the possibility of the glial cell cytoskeleton reconstruction under effect of thyroid hormones. 

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