The Effect of Galactose Metabolic Disorders on Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 852-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Tsakiris ◽  
Kleopatra H. Schulpis
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Classical Galactosemia ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Brain Ache ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Abstract To evaluate whether in classical galactosemia galactose (Gal), galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) and galactitol (Galtol) affect brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, various concentrations (1-16 mм) of these compounds were preincubated with brain homogenates of suckling rats as well as with pure eel Electroforus electricus AChE at 37 °C for 1 h. Initially, Galtol (up to 2.0 mм) increased (25%) AChE activity which decreased, thereafter, reaching the control value in high Galtol concentrations. Gal-1-P decreased gradually the enzyme activity reaching a plateau (38%), when incubated with 8-16 mM. However, when the usually found 2 mм of Galtol and 2 mм of Gal-1-P. concentrations in galactosemia were added in the incubation mixture simultaneously, brain AChE was stimulated (16%). Galtol or Gal-1-P modulated brain AChE as well as enzyme activity of E.electricus in the same way. Gal, Glucose (Glu) and glucose-1-phosphate (Glu-1-P) had no effect on AChE activity. It is suggested that Galtol as well as Gal-1-P can affect acetylcholine degradation acting directly on AChE molecule. Consequently the direct action of these substances on the enzyme might explain the brain cholinergic dysfunction in untreated galactosemia patients.

scholarly journals Biomarker Effects in Carassius auratus Exposure to Ofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole and Ibuprofen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Yang ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Xueyu Wei ◽  
Jie Wan ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Brain

Ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen are three commonly used drugs which can be detected in aquatic environments. To assess their ecotoxicity, the effects of these three pharmaceuticals and their mixture on AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity in the brain, and EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities in the liver of the freshwater crucian carp Carassius auratus were tested after exposure for 1, 2, 4 and 7 days. The results showed that treatments with 0.002–0.01 mg/L ofloxacin and 0.0008–0.004 mg/L sulfamethoxazole did not significantly change AChE, EROD and SOD activities. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in response to treatment with >0.05mg/L ofloxacin and >0.02 mg/L sulfamethoxazole. All three biomarkers were induced significantly in treatments with ibuprofen and the mixture of the three pharmaceuticals at all the tested concentrations. The combined effects of ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen were compared with their isolated effects on the three biomarkers, and the results indicated that exposure to ibuprofen and the mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations could trigger adverse impacts on Carassius auratus. The hazard quotient (HQ) index also demonstrated a high risk for ibuprofen. Moreover, the present study showed that the effects of ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen might be additive on the physiological indices of Carassius auratus.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Sodium Arsenite and Acacia Honey on Acetylcholinesterase in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Oyeronke A. Odunola ◽  
Michael A. Gbadegesin ◽  
Abdullahi B. Sallau ◽  
Uche S. Ndidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
The Brain

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium arsenite and Acacia honey on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and electrolytes in the brain and serum of Wistar rats. Male Wistar albino rats in four groups of five rats each were treated with distilled water, sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg body weight), Acacia honey (20% v/v), and sodium arsenite and Acacia honey, daily for one week. The sodium arsenite and Acacia honey significantlyP<0.05decreased AChE activity in the brain with the combined treatment being more potent. Furthermore, sodium arsenite and Acacia honey significantlyP<0.05decreased AChE activity in the serum. Strong correlation was observed between the sodium and calcium ion levels with acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and serum. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of Acacia honey revealed the presence of a number of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, sugar derivatives, and fatty acids. These findings suggest that sodium arsenite and/or Acacia honey modulates acetylcholinesterase activities which may be explored in the management of Alzheimer’s diseases but this might be counteracted by the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenics.

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and muscle of Cyprinus carpio and Aristichthys nobilis exposed to azimsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAQUELINE INEU GOLOMBIESKI ◽  
ENIO MARCHESAN ◽  
GEOVANE BOSCHMANN REIMCHE ◽  
JOELE SCHMITT BAUMART ◽  
JOSEÂNIA SALBEGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Aristichthys Nobilis ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Brain

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) were exposed to azimsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl (50, 100 and 200 mg L-1). These herbicides are used in rice crop in Southern Brazil. Fishes survived to all tested concentrations of both herbicides and showed normal feeding and swimming behavior. Azimsulfuron inhibits significantly acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain and muscle of both species, and metsulfuron-methyl increase AChE activity in brain and inhibits in muscle. The present study showed that azimsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl did not affect C. carpio and A. nobilis behaviors (feeding and swimming), but inhibited AChE activity in brain and muscle tissues of these species.

Inhibition of Nicotine Dependence by Curcuminoid Is Associated with Reduced Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Mouse Brain

Pharmacology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gofarana Wilar ◽  
Kusnandar Anggadiredja ◽  
Yasuharu Shinoda ◽  
Kohji Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Nicotine Administration ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Reward Pathway ◽  
The Brain

Nicotine is a stimulatory component in tobacco that activates the central nervous system reward pathway and causes nicotine dependence. We found that the anti-inflammatory agent, curcuminoid, prevents nicotine dependence and relapse, as assessed by the conditioned placed preference test. Curcuminoid (1, 3.2, and 10 mg·kg–1, oral) dose-dependently inhibited nicotine dependence and enhanced nicotine extinction when administrated 30 min prior to nicotine administration (0.5 mg·kg–1, i.p.) for 7 days. In addition, curcuminoid significantly suppressed the priming effects of nicotine and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Taken together, curcuminoid ameliorates nicotine dependence and relapse, in part via the inhibition of the AChE activity in the brain.

Effect of ovariectomy and estrogen supplementation on brain acetylcholinesterase activity and passive-avoidance learning in rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Das ◽  
Madhu Dikshit ◽  
Shoba R Srivastava ◽  
Umesh K Srivastava ◽  
Chandishwar Nath
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Estradiol Dipropionate ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

The effect of ovariectomy and estrogen treatment on the brain acetylcholinesterase activity and cognition in rats was investigated in this study. Ovariectomized and nonovariectomized rats were treated subcutaneously with estradiol dipropionate for 8 d. In the single-trial, passive-avoidance test all the groups showed significant learning and retention of memory as evident by the increase in transfer latency time in trial 2 as compared with trial 1. No-transfer response was significantly increased in the estradiol-dipropionate-treated ovariectomized (80%) and nonovariectomized (60%) group as compared with the ovariectomized (30%) group. Specific activity of acetylcholinesterase was assayed spectrophotometrically in salt-soluble and detergent-soluble fractions of various brain areas: frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus, thalamus, pons, medulla, and cerebellum. The effect of ovariectomy and estradiol dipropionate was varied in both fractions of these brain areas. Estradiol dipropionate treatment could restore the acetylcholinesterase activity to the control level only in the detergent-soluble fraction of hypothalamus and salt-soluble fraction of hypothalamus, thalamus, and medulla in ovariectomized rats. The results indicate that ovariectomy alters acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain areas but not in a uniform manner and affects only qualitative aspects of cognitive function, which could be improved by estrogen supplementation.Key words: ovariectomy, brain acetylcholinesterase, passive avoidance.

scholarly journals Effect of methyl parathion on the muscle and brain acetylcholinesterase activity of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Cristina de Almeida ◽  
Lúcia Helena Aguiar ◽  
Gilberto Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fast Growth Rate ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Farming of the freshwater fish is emerging in Brazil and many species from the wild are promising. The teleost matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) holds several characteristics such as fast growth rate, high commercial value and adaptability to artificial raring conditions, which make it a promising species for commerce. The use of pesticides in aquatic environment is frequent in Brazil, and methyl parathion is very common in aquaculture. We have determined the enzymatic activity of acetyl cholinesterase in white muscle and brain of matrinxã exposed to 2ppm of environmental methyl parathion for 24 hours. There was 64% and 69% of acetyl cholinesterase inhibition in muscle and brain respectively. These activities were not recovered after 8 days from exposure to this pesticide. It can be concluded that acetyl cholinesterase from those tissues was inhibited by small amounts of methyl parathion, and the main effect was observed in the brain.

ʟ-Phenylalanine Effect on Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase and Na+,K+-ATPase

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Tsakiris ◽  
Panagiota Kouniniotou-Krontiri ◽  
Kleopatra H. Schulpis ◽  
John C. Stavridis
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Abstract The effect of different L-phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations (0 .1-12.1 mᴍ) , on acetylcholinesterase (AChE ) and Na+,K+-ATPase activities of brain homogenate and pure enzymes, was investigated at 37 °C. AChE and Na+,K+-ATPase activities were determined according to Ellman G. L., Courtney D., Andres V. and Featherstone R. M. (1961), Biochem. Pharmacol. 7, 88 - 95 and Bowler K. and Tirri R. (1974), J. Neurochem. 23, 611-613 ) respectively, after preincubation with Phe. AChE activity in brain homogenate or in pure eel E.electricus enzyme showed a decrease, which reached up to 18% with concentrations of 0.9-12.1 mᴍ. Brain homogenate Na+,K+-ATPase activity showed an increase 16-65% with 0.24-0.9 mᴍ of Phe, while an activity increase of 60 -65% appeared with 0.9-12.1 mᴍ of Phe. Pure enzyme activity (from porcine cerebral cortex) was not affected by high Phe concentrations, while it was increased by low concentrations. The above results suggest: a) A direct effect of Phe on AChE, b) A direct effect of low Phe concentrations and an indirect effect of high ones on Na+,K+-ATPase.

scholarly journals Antiamnesic Activity of an Ayurvedic Formulation Chyawanprash in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Parle ◽  
Nitin Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Memory Models ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Chyawanprash (Chy) is an ayurvedic formulation commonly consumed in Indian households. Chy is a comprehensive herbal tonic, prepared from around 50 herbs employing anwala (Emblica officinalis) as the basic ingredient. The present study was undertaken to explore the beneficial effects of Chy (at the dose of 1 and 2% w/w of diet) administered daily for 15 successive days in mice with memory deficits. A total of 228 mice divided in 38 groups were employed in this study. Morris water maze, Hebb-Williams maze and elevated plus maze served as exteroceptive memory models, whereas scopolamine (Sco)-induced amnesia and alprazolam (Alp)-induced amnesia served as interoceptive memory models. The brain acetylcholinesterase activity, brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione levels (GSH) were also estimated. The administration of Chy for 15 consecutive days significantly protected the animals from developing memory impairment. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in brain TBARS and increase in GSH levels after administration of Chy (2% w/w), thereby indicating decreased free radical generation and increased scavenging of free radical, respectively. Thus, Chy may prove to be a useful remedy for the management of Alzheimer’s disease owing to its antioxidant effect, pro-cholinergic action and/or antiamnesic potential.

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