Effect of phenobarbital on sleep and nighttime plasma growth hormone and Cortisol levels

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1139-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N. Prinz ◽  
Michael V. Vitiello ◽  
Timothy A. Roehrs ◽  
Markku Linnoila ◽  
Elliott D. Weitzman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Drug Condition ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

The acute and chronic effects of phenobarbital and phenobarbital withdrawal on sleep patterns and on plasma growth hormone (GH) and Cortisol fluctuations occurring during sleep were studied. Before bed, five healthy men, aged 21 to 25, were given a placebo on three baseline nights, phenobarbital (100 mg p.o.) for nine nights, and a placebo on a final withdrawal night. Beginning on the third of three consecutive nights in the laboratory, all-night polygraphic sleep recordings and blood samples (obtained every 20 min through indwelling venous cannulae) were collected for the placebo, acute phenobarbital, chronic phenobarbital, and phenobarbital withdrawal conditions.Blood phenobarbital levels ranged between 5 to 9 μg/100 mL across all hours of the chronic drug night. At this low sedative dose, latency to sleep onset and stage 4 sleep were significantly reduced in the chronic drug condition, but REM sleep was not significantly reduced. No significant sleep change was observed on the withdrawal night. Both peak GH level and total integrated GH across the night were unaffected by the acute, chronic, and withdrawal conditions. The pattern of GH release appeared to be altered on the phenobarbital and phenobarbital withdrawal nights as compared with placebo. Nighttime plasma cortisol levels were not significantly altered by any experimental condition.

Adrenal function in lambs treated with androgenic and oestrogenic growth stimulants

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Sillence ◽  
K. M. Thomas ◽  
H. Anil ◽  
E. J. Redfern ◽  
R. G. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Acth Challenge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

ABSTRACTThree experiments were carried out in which plasma cortisol concentrations were measured hourly in lambs treated with various anabolic steroids. In the first experiment, female lambs were implanted with trenbolone acetate (TBA) and plasma cortisol was measured for 24-h periods 4 weeks after implantation and 1 week after reimplantation. Plasma cortisol levels were unaltered 4 weeks after treatment, but were found to be significantly lower 1 week after retreatment. On this occasion, peak concentrations of cortisol after ACTH challenge were also reduced by TBA. In the second experiment, female lambs were implanted with a mixture of TBA and oestradiol and plasma cortisol measured 1 and 4 weeks later. Results were similar to the first experiment although the reduction in plasma cortisol was less. In the third experiment, castrated male lambs were implanted with either TBA, TBA plus oestradiol or a long-acting oestradiol implant. In this experiment, only oestradiol affected plasma cortisol levels, causing a large elevation. All three treatments stimulated growth. Measurement of bound and free cortisol concentration in the third experiment indicated that oestradiol treatment tended to increase the proportion of cortisol present in the free form.These results suggest that an inhibition of cortisol secretion may be important in the anabolic response of female sheep to TBA. In the male, however, cortisol concentrations are naturally lower and are not further reduced by TBA treatment.Plasma insulin concentrations were also measured in the castrated males. Neither TBA nor the combined implant altered insulin levels, but oestrogen treatment resulted in a small increase in insulin. The diurnal pattern of plasma insulin closely paralleled that of cortisol.

Acute beta-interferon or thymopentin administration increases plasma growth hormone and cortisol levels in children

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Angioni ◽  
Gabriella Iori ◽  
Monica Cellini ◽  
Silvia Sardelli ◽  
Fausta Massolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Immune Disturbance

The interaction between the immune and endocrine systems has recently been investigated. Hodgkin's disease represents a model of immune disturbance frequently associated with endocrine impairment. The present study evaluated the effect of the acute administration of β-interferon or thymopentin on plasma growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol levels in children with Hodgkin's disease (N = 8) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (N= 8). β-interferon (1 000 000 IU), thymopentin (50 mg) or placebo (saline) were injected after two basal blood samples (− 15 and 0) and further samples were drawn at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. Plasma growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol levels were measured by specific RIAs. Plasma prolactin levels did not show significant change following β-interferon or thymopentin injection in either the controls or the patients. In the patients with Hodgkin's disease, β-interferon injection induced a significant increase in both plasma growth hormone and cortisol levels, while thymopentin was not effective. In controls both thymopentin and β-interferon administration increased plasma growth hormone and cortisol levels. These results indicate that β-interferon and thymopentin are immune substances active on the release of growth hormone and cortisol in healthy children. The lack of effect of thymopentin in children with Hodgkin's disease suggests an impairment of the immune-endocrine interaction in these patients.

Diazepam alters brain 5-HT function in man: implications for the acute and chronic effects of benzodiazepines

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Nutt ◽  
P. J. Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Acute Dose ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Healthy Male Volunteers ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

SynopsisThe effect of diazepam on brain 5-HT-mediated neuroendocrine responses was studied in healthy male volunteers. An acute dose of diazepam (15 mg) significantly attenuated the prolactin and growth hormone responses to intravenous L-tryptophan. After 3 weeks administration of diazepam (25 mg/d) these responses had returned to normal despite much higher plasma diazepam concentrations, suggesting that tolerance had occurred. A reduction in brain 5-HT function may underlie some of the acute therapeutic actions of benzodiazepines. It is possible that excessive ‘rebound’ 5-HT activity may contribute to the abstinence syndrome seen on benzodiazepine withdrawal.

Effects of ACTH and Prednisone on Mood: Incidence and Time of Onset

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver G. Cameron ◽  
R. O. Addy ◽  
David Malitz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Mood Change ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Medical Symptom ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Prior studies of mood and cognitive changes produced by ACTH and glucocorticoids have not characterized accurately the incidence or time of onset of these changes. In this study mood and cognitive reactions of fifteen medical patients treated with ACTH or prednisone were studied prospectively. ACTH produced a lessening of dysphoria by the third treatment day, and mild euphoric reactions occurred in three of seven of the patients treated. Prednisone produced a reduction of dysphoria by the seventh day, but no euphoric reactions in the eight patients treated with it. Neither medical symptom improvement nor elevation of plasma cortisol levels in the patients given ACTH appeared to account for the results. The mechanism of the observed mood change remains to be elucidated.

Acute and chronic effects of octreotide on thyroid axis in growth hormone-secreting and clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Colao ◽  
Bartolomeo Merola ◽  
Diego Ferone ◽  
Paolo Marzullo ◽  
Gaetana Cerbone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects ◽  
Non Functioning Pituitary Adenomas

Colao A, Merola B, Ferone D, Marzullo P, Cerbone G, Longobardi S, Di Somma C, Lombardi G. Acute and chronic effects of octreotide on thyroid axis in growth hormone-secreting and clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:189–94. ISSN 0804–4643 The effect of somatostatin on thyroid function was studied in 12 patients with growth hormone (GH)-secreting and eight patients with clinically non-functioning adenomas (NFA) and normal pituitary/ thyroid axis; the patients were subjected to the administration of octreotide (OCT), which is a longacting somatostatin analog. All the patients received an acute test with 100 μg of OCT, both short term (1 month) and long term (6 months), with doses ranging from 300 to 600 μg/day, Serum thyroxine (T4). triiodothyronine (T3), free T4, free T3, thyroglobulin and basal and thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated TSH were evaluated before and after 1 and 6 months of therapy. Circulating GH and insulin-like growth-factor I (IGF-I) in acromegalics and GH, IGF-I and α-subunit in NFA were assessed at baseline and every month. The acute administration of 100 μg of OCT significantly reduced the TSH response to TRH (p < 0.01) in both acromegalics and NFA. In all the patients OCT administration caused a significant decrease of GH, IGF-I and α-subunit levels (p < 0.01). In addition, after 1 month of therapy both baseline and TRH-induced TSH secretion were decreased significantly in acromegalics and NFA. After 6 months of therapy, baseline and TRH-induced TSH was still reduced in NFA. Conversely, in acromegalics, baseline TSH levels were increased while TSH response to TRH was inhibited. No change of T4, T3, free T4 and free T3 was observed in NFA, whereas a slight but significant increase of T4 and decrease of T3 was recorded in acromegalics. In conclusion, OCT does seem to possess long-term suppressive effects on TSH response to TRH, both in acromegalics and NFA. The lack of basal TSH level inhibition in acromegalics could depend on the restored peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 due to the normalized GH levels during long-term OCT administration. Annamaria Colao, Corso Europa 63, 80127 Napoli, Italy

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