Effects of forest–clearcut edges on a forest-breeding songbird

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J Harris ◽  
J Michael Reed
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Neotropical Migrant ◽  
Dendroica Caerulescens ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Interior Forest ◽  
Negative Impacts

To understand local and regional changes in Neotropical migrant songbird populations it is important to determine whether forest-breeders can use and persist in the dynamic, variegated landscapes created by modern forestry practices. We made detailed observations of a species classified as a mature-forest specialist, the black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens), adjacent to clearcut edges and in intact forest in a large industrial forest landscape. We measured reproductive success, habitat use, resource abundance, the potential for inter- and intra-specific competition, and predator densities. Unlike most studies of edge effects, our study showed both positive and negative impacts of associations with edges. We recorded a lower density of potential avian competitors within intact forest, as well as a higher proportion of older male black-throated blue warblers at interior forest sites. In addition, proportionally more fledglings were observed in intact forest. However, males at edge sites had higher pairing success and edges had higher understory density (which is positively associated with reproductive success in other studies), evidence of higher abundance of their primary food source and lower densities of diurnal egg and nestling predators. The net result of these mixed patterns is that males gaining a territory at edge or interior sites appeared to have similar probabilities of producing fledglings.

scholarly journals Recreationists’ Perceptions of Scenic Beauty and Satisfaction at a Public Forest Managed for Endangered Wildlife

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Paudyal ◽  
Taylor V. Stein ◽  
Holly K. Ober ◽  
Mickie E. Swisher ◽  
Eric J. Jokela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Red Cockaded Woodpecker ◽  
Public Forests

Prescribed burning and other active forest management treatments have been proven to be essential for maintaining suitable habitat conditions for many wildlife species, including the federally endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW). This study examines the perception of forest management treatments of recreation users participating in various activities (hunting, hiking/backpacking, camping, off-highway vehicle riding, and canoeing/kayaking) in terms of scenic beauty and recreation satisfaction. We used photographic images to capture various forest management treatments of different intensity levels and times after treatments, and assessed users’ perception of scenic beauty and recreation satisfaction. Results indicated variation among users participating in different recreation activities, but that good quality RCW habitat offered both higher scenic beauty and higher recreation satisfaction than poor quality habitat for most user groups. Finally, recreation satisfaction was statistically equal to perceived scenic beauty from both good and poor-quality RCW habitats for most of the user groups, thus suggesting the importance of scenic beauty on forest sites in determining recreation users’ attainment of visit satisfaction. Findings conclude that forest sites developed as good quality RCW habitat in the present state also offer quality experience to recreation users, thus supporting multi-objective forestry practices in public forests.

Keperluan Membentuk Kerjasama Pakar di dalam Proses Pembangunan Landskap Hutan Rekreasi

2012 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Kher Hussein ◽  
Saiful Arif Abdullan ◽  
Chamhuri Siwar ◽  
Shahruddin Mohamad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Landscape Development ◽  
Local Resident ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Stake Holder ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
Sustainable Landscape

Expert is a person who has higher education and skill in certain field. Expert collaboration is required in sustainable development process at all level or stages. However, in Malaysia, expert collaboration was not at encouraging level towards promoting sustainable development process of recreational forest landscape. Objective of this study is to understand stake holder’s (management staff, local resident and user of recreational forest) perception towards necessity to form expert collaboration in recreational forest landscape development process. Several recreational forest sites in Selangor has been selected as a case study. Questionnaire form was use to gain perception from stake holder. Results has revealed that the necessity to form expert collaboration for recreational forest landscape development is must. Lack of expert collaboration is due to neglect to share knowledge and opinion, lack of knowledge about their importance’s as well as no awareness. These phenomenons have resulted to some of man-made landscape elements was not harmonize with existing forest environment. This study concludes that expert collaboration must be implemented for recreational forest landscape development in Malaysia for the sake of their sustainability, to solve weaknesses in creating special design identity and for the sake of sustainable landscape development of recreational forest. Golongan pakar merupakan individu berkemahiran tinggi di dalam sesuatu bidang seperti bidang “reka bentuk persekitaran.” Kerjasama pakar sangat diperlukan di dalam proses pembangunan lestari di peringkat perancangan, pemilihan kawasan, reka bentuk fasiliti, analisis kawasan, perlaksanaan dan penyelenggaraan. Namun, di Malaysia, jalinan kerjasama pakar berada di tahap yang tidak mendorong ke arah mencapai kelestarian sebenar pembangunan landskap hutan rekreasi. Objektif kajian adalah untuk memahami persepsi pihak berkepentingan (kakitangan pengurusan, penduduk setempat dan pengguna)terhadap keperluan membentuk kerjasama pakar di dalam proses pembangunan landskap hutan rekreasi di Malaysia dengan menjadikan hutan-hutan rekreasi di negeri Selangor sebagai kajian kes. Borang soal selidik digunakan bagi mendapatkan persepsi pihak berkepentingan mengenai perkara tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan sememangnya wujud keperluan untuk membentuk kerjasama pakar disebabkan kurang penekanan diberikan kepada aspek berkenaan oleh pihak-pihak berkaitan sebelum ini. Kerjasama pakar kurang dilaksanakan disebabkan tiada pengetahuan mengenai kepentingannya, sikap tidak mahu berkongsi pandangan dan tiada kesedaran. Fenomena ini menyebabkan sesetengah pembangunan landskap hutan rekreasi menghadapi kelemahan di dalam penyediaan reka bentuk yang harmoni dengan persekitaran semulajadi. Kajian menyimpulkan bahawa pembentukan kerjasama pakar amatlah diperlukan bagi meningkatkan tahap kelestarian landskap hutan rekreasi, mengatasi kelemahan di dalam mewujudkan identiti khusus ke atas reka bentuk elemen-elemen landskap buatan manusia dan untuk proses kelestarian hutan rekreasi itu sendiri.

Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Negative Impacts

<em>Abstract</em>.—Long-term studies in Ontario, Canada on Largemouth Bass <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> and Smallmouth Bass <em>M. dolomieu</em> have demonstrated that angling nesting males (both catch and harvest and catch and release) can have negative impacts on the reproductive success for the captured individual. They have also demonstrated that within a population, the male bass that provide the best and longest parental care for their offspring are the most capable of having the greatest relative contribution to the year-class. Furthermore, those males are also the most aggressive toward potential brood predators and, hence, the most vulnerable to angling. Based on those relationships, we postulated that angling in general, and especially angling for nesting bass, results in selection against aggressive individuals in a population, and as a result, the angled population evolves to become less aggressive, containing males with diminished parental care attributes, an example of fisheries-induced evolution (FIE). We recognize, however, that some change towards less aggressive behaviors may also result from learning and phenotypic plasticity. Controlled, long-term selective breeding experiments over 30+ years have, however, documented the heritability of vulnerability of bass to angling and, hence, the potential for selection to act on that trait. Reproductive competition experiments further demonstrated that the highly vulnerable strain of bass produced in those selective breeding experiments indeed had greater reproductive success than the less vulnerable strain. Because angling for Largemouth Bass has been occurring for decades, we also postulated that there should be some evidence in the wild of this FIE. In fact, we did find that the level of vulnerability to angling of nesting male Largemouth Bass in lakes that have had little to no exploitation was significantly greater than that observed for nesting males in moderately and heavily angled populations.

scholarly journals Distribution and drift dispersal dynamics of a caddisfly grazer in response to resource abundance and its ontogeny

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 160732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Katano ◽  
Hiromune Mitsuhashi ◽  
Hideyuki Doi ◽  
Yu Isobe ◽  
Tadashi Oishi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Larval Distribution ◽  
Web Structure

Stream grazers have a major impact on food web structure and the productivity of stream ecosystems; however, studies on the longitudinal (upstream versus downstream) and temporal changes in their drift dynamics and resulting distributions remain limited. Here, we investigated the longitudinal and temporal distributions and drift propensity of a trichopteran grazer, the caddisfly, Micrasema quadriloba , during its life cycle in a Japanese stream. The distribution of larvae significantly shifted downstream during the fifth instar larval stage during late winter; with periphyton abundance (i.e. their food source) showing similar shifts downstream. Therefore, our results show that the drift dispersal the caddisfly occurs in response to decline in available food resources (i.e. food-resource scarcity) and an increase in food requirements by growing individuals. Furthermore, our results show that this observed longitudinal shift in larval distribution varies through their life cycle, because the drift dispersal of fifth instar larvae was greater than that of immature larvae. The correlation between periphyton abundance and drift propensity of fourth instar larvae was not statistically significant, whereas that of fifth instar larvae was significantly negative. In conclusion, we detected an ontogenetic shift in drift propensity, which might explain the longitudinal and temporal distributions of this species.

Multiple Brooding and Productivity of a Neotropical Migrant, the Black-Throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens), in an Unfragmented Temperate Forest

The Auk ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Holmes ◽  
Thomas W. Sherry ◽  
Peter P. Marra ◽  
Kenneth E. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Neotropical Migrant ◽  
Dendroica Caerulescens

scholarly journals Reproductive Success of Forest-Dependent Songbirds Near an Agricultural Corridor in South-Central Indiana

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Ford ◽  
Donald E. Winslow ◽  
Donald R. Whitehead ◽  
Matthew A. Koukol ◽  
M. du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Molothrus Ater ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Neotropical Migrant ◽  
South Central ◽  
Cowbird Parasitism ◽  
Migrant Birds ◽  
Interior Forest ◽  
Source Populations

Abstract Potential source populations of forest-breeding Neotropical migrant birds may be threatened by anthropogenic changes that increase brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and nest predation in heavily forested breeding areas. In south-central Indiana, corridors of agriculture and rural development, ranging from <50 m to several thousand meters in width, penetrate interior portions of the heavily forested landscape. These corridors provide habitat for cowbirds and nest predators. We monitored breeding success of six species of Neotropical migrants and one resident species near an agricultural corridor and in interior forest. We found that nest survival was lower near the agricultural corridor for most of the species in the nestling stage, but no consistent difference in nest survival was detected during the egg stage. Levels of cowbird parasitism were generally elevated near the agricultural corridor. Estimates of the number of fledglings per nesting attempt indicated that seasonal productivity was lower near the agricultural corridor for six of the seven species. Status of populations of birds in south-central Indiana as sources in the Midwest may be compromised by extensive intrusion of agricultural corridors within the contiguous, heavily forested landscape.

scholarly journals Pine afforestation, herriza and wildfire: a tale of soil erosion and biodiversity loss in the Mediterranean region

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Fernando Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Mediterranean Habitats ◽  
Wildfire Suppression ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Forestry Plantations ◽  
Mediterranean Type Ecosystems

From a western society’s perspective, wildfires are catastrophic events that jeopardise biodiversity and cause soil erosion, not to mention risk to human lives and properties. However, many Mediterranean-type ecosystems are not only resilient to wildfires but sensitive to the lack of wildfires. This communication focuses on the Mediterranean heathland or herriza as a paradigmatic fire-prone ecosystem to illustrate how most negative impacts allegedly attributed to wildfires actually occur in commercial forestry plantations. They are caused by aggressive forestry practices prior to the wildfire. In natural Mediterranean habitats, such as the herriza, complete wildfire suppression may actually pose a serious threat to biodiversity. The large existing body of scientific knowledge on the relationships of Mediterranean ecosystems with fire should be incorporated into plans and policies dealing with wildfire and conservation to make them more appropriate and efficient. Finally, burned natural areas should not be regarded, or treated, as dead pieces of nature and destroyed ecosystems, but as a transitional stage within the dynamics of Mediterranean-type ecosystems.

scholarly journals Double-brooding and annual breeding success of great tits in urban and forest habitats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Bukor ◽  
Gábor Seress ◽  
Ivett Pipoly ◽  
Krisztina Sándor ◽  
Csenge Sinkovics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Habitat Differences ◽  
Double Brooding ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract Urban areas differ from natural habitats in several environmental features that influence the characteristics of animals living there. For example, birds often start breeding seasonally earlier and fledge fewer offspring per brood in cities than in natural habitats. However, longer breeding seasons in cities may increase the frequency of double-brooding in urban compared to non-urban populations, thus potentially increasing urban birds’ annual reproductive output and resulting in lower habitat difference in reproductive success than estimated by studies focusing on first clutches only. In this study, we investigated two urban and two forests great tit Parus major populations from 2013 to 2019. We compared the probability of double-brooding and the total number of annually fledged chicks per female between urban and forest habitats, while controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables. There was a trend for a higher probability of double-brooding in urban (44% of females) than in forest populations (36%), although this was not consistent between the two urban sites. Females produced significantly fewer fledglings annually in the cities than in the forest sites, and this difference was present both within single- and double-brooded females. Furthermore, double-brooded urban females produced a similar number of fledglings per season as single-brooded forest females. These results indicate that double-brooding increases the reproductive success of female great tits in both habitats, but urban females cannot effectively compensate in this way for their lower reproductive output per brood. However, other mechanisms, like increased post-fledging survival can mitigate habitat differences in reproductive success.

scholarly journals Territorial Movements of Black-throated Blue Warblers in a Landscape Fragmented by Forestry

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Harris ◽  
J. Michael Reed
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Neotropical Migrant ◽  
Dendroica Caerulescens ◽  
Alarm Calling ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Simulated Territorial Intrusion ◽  
Territorial Intrusion ◽  
Song Playback ◽  
Older Males

Abstract Many forest bird species show inhibition to entering open areas, including crossing habitat gaps. We examined the responses of Black-throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens) to conspecific song playback within forest, at clearcut-forest ecotones, and across logging roads to assess movements of this Neotropical migrant into open areas. Males responded readily to song playbacks in all areas, and moved significantly farther into clearcuts than they did within intact forest (40.4 ± 2.9 m and 17.1 ± 1.2 m, respectively). Their singing, aggressive trilling, and alarm-calling rates were highest in response to playback from clearcuts, intermediate during road-crossings, and lowest within forest. Males moved farthest into the oldest regenerating clearcuts (>15 years old), indicating that vegetation structure also influences their movement into open areas. Second-year males were more responsive than older males, moving farther to reach speakers in all areas, and showing a nonsignificant trend of moving farther into clearcuts. We found that extensive movements into open areas occur in response to simulated territorial intrusion, indicating that small-scale habitat fragmentation by forestry may not disrupt territorial movements of that species.

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