Selection of den, rendezvous, and resting sites by wolves in the Bialowieza Forest, Poland

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Theuerkauf ◽  
Sophie Rouys ◽  
Wlodzimierz Jedrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Resting Sites ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
Selection Of

We studied wolf (Canis lupus) selection of 19 den, 10 rendezvous, and 31 resting sites found between 1986 and 2000 in the Bialowieza Forest (Poland). Our objective was to determine whether wolves selected sites far from villages, forest edges, and roads, and whether these sites had dense ground cover for concealment. We also tested whether wolves selected a particular forest type for their den sites. Den and rendezvous sites were located at greater distances from villages, forest edges, and intensively used roads than random points. Locations of resting sites were not affected by these manmade structures. Wolves selected dry coniferous forests for den sites but also used other forest types. We concluded that the suitability of an area for pup raising depended mainly on the spatial distribution of forest, human settlements, and public roads, and to a lesser extent on habitat characteristics.

Within-Patch Structures Influence Small Mammal Abundance in Managed Forests of Northern California, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M Gray ◽  
Gary J Roloff ◽  
Andrew J Dennhardt ◽  
Brian P Dotters ◽  
Thomas T Engstrom
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Downed Wood ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract We evaluated how forest type, vegetation structure in trapping webs, and proximate forest types influenced localized (~6.35 hectares) abundances for commonly captured small mammals in northern California, USA. We trapped from May to August of 2011–13 in 69 forest patches that represented: (1) clearcuts (3–5 years postharvest), (2) 10–20 year-old conifer plantations, (3) rotation-aged conifer stands, and (4) Watercourse and Lake Protection Zones. We captured 11 species; four in sufficient numbers for regression modeling. Our average abundance estimates for the study were 4.57 (standard error [SE] = 0.43), 0.32 (SE = 0.11), 0.90 (SE = 0.30), and 0.25 (SE = 0.09) individuals per web location (~0.75 hectares) for Peromyscus spp., Neotoma spp., California ground squirrels, and Allen’s chipmunks. We found that web-level ground cover (shrubs and grass), downed wood, and types of forests containing our trapping webs best described small mammal abundances, whereas proximate forest types were not important. Our results indicated that retaining localized structures in the form of understory shrub cover and downed wood positively influences small mammal abundance in intensively managed forests of northern California.

scholarly journals Diversity of Understory Communities in Boreal Forests: Influences of Forest Type, Latitude, and Spatial Scale

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Yu-Song Jin ◽  
Yu-Kun Hu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Dan-Dan Liu ◽  
Ying-Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

Understory vegetation hosts high biodiversity and plays a critical role in the ecosystem processes of boreal forests. However, the drivers of understory plant diversity in this high-latitude ecosystem remain uncertain. To investigate the influences of forest type and latitude on understory beta diversity at different scales, we quantified the species composition of Vaccinium uliginosum Linnaeus communities under broadleaf and coniferous forests at two latitudes at the quadrat (2 × 2 m) and plot (10 × 10 m) scales in the Greater Xing’an Mountains, NE China. At the quadrat scale, species alpha diversity of V. uliginosum communities was higher in broadleaf forests than that in coniferous forests at both latitudes. The differences in species beta diversity (the Sørensen’s dissimilarity) in two forest types depended on the latitude: beta diversity in broadleaf forests was higher than that in coniferous forests at the higher latitude, while beta diversity in coniferous forests was higher at the lower latitude. At the plot scale, alpha and beta diversity of V. uliginosum communities decreased from broadleaf forests to coniferous forests at the higher latitude, and they did not show significant differences between forest types at the lower latitude. These results indicate the interactive effects of forest type and latitude on beta diversity of understory vegetation. Moreover, the influences of forest type and latitude on species alpha and beta diversity were different across the two spatial scales, suggesting that the assembly mechanisms underlying species diversity may be different at different scales. Understanding the maintenance of understory vegetation diversity will benefit the conservation and management of boreal forests.

scholarly journals What drives variation in habitat use by Anolis lizards: habitat availability or selectivity?

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Johnson ◽  
R. Kirby ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
J.B. Losos
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Forest Types

Geographic variation in habitat availability may drive geographic variation in a species’ habitat use; alternatively, species adapted to particular habitat characteristics may use a habitat regardless of its availability within an environment. In this study, we investigated habitat use of two sympatric species of Anolis lizards that are morphologically specialized to use different microhabitats. We examined variation in microhabitat use and availability among four distinct forest types. In each forest type, we quantified available microhabitats (i.e., perch diameter, angle of inclination, and visibility), as well as microhabitats actually used by each species. We found that species consistently differed in microhabitat use, corresponding to each species’ morphological specializations. However, microhabitat use of both species varied among sites. This variation in Anolis gundlachi Peters, 1876 reflected differences in microhabitat availability, while the variation in Anolis krugi Peters, 1876 resulted from differential microhabitat selectivity. These results indicate that both habitat availability and habitat preferences must be examined in multiple localities for a species to understand the causes of variation in its habitat use.

scholarly journals Age structure of coniferous saplings in mountain old-growth forests of the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Natalya Ivanova ◽  
Irina Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
The Middle Urals

The processes of natural reforestation play a crucial role for the preservation of primary coniferous forests and the success of their restoration after catastrophic impacts. The objective of our research was to identify the features of the natural renewal of the main coniferous forest-forming plants under the canopy of stands in the mountains of the Middle Urals, to establish dependencies on the forest type not only the total number of tree saplings, but also its age structure. The research was carried out in the mountainous part of the Sverdlovsk region (Russia) on the eastern macroslope of the Ural Mountains. We studied old-age pine forests, which belong to the 4 most common forest types. The tree saplings were counted into account on 2-4 subplots with a length of 20 meters and a width of 2 meters. It is established that under the canopy of all types of forest there is a different age coniferous saplings, despite significant differences in habitats. The most abundant pine saplings are found in pine forests with Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and the most abundant spruce saplings is found in pine forest with spruce and moss cover.

A survey of terrestrial gastropods from central Maine

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. George Gleich ◽  
Frederick F. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropods

Terrestrial gastropods were collected in central Maine from June to November 1971 to study their distribution, relative abundance, and habitat preferences. Gastropods were widespread, but not abundant. Thirty-five percent of the 1626 gastropods collected were slugs. Thirty-seven snail species, including eight slug species, were found. Discus cronkhitei and Zonitoides arboreus were the most commonly collected gastropods: Deroceras reliculatum and Pallifera dorsalis were the most common slugs. Snails (excluding slugs) were more abundant in the northwestern portion of central Maine, whereas slugs were more abundant in the southeastern portion. Slugs were significantly less abundant in coniferous forests than in deciduous or mixed forests, but snail numbers (excluding slugs) in the three forest types were not significantly different.

Basking Site Selection and Usage Strategies of the European Pond Turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Babat valley (Gödöllő, Hungary)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Gergő Erdélyi ◽  
Borbála Szabó ◽  
István Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Pond Turtle ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Selection Of

Sun basking is the most common method for freshwater turtles, such as the European pond turtle, to maintain optimal body temperature. The attributes of the macro- and microhabitat features around the basking sites affect the basking site selection of the European pond turtle. To protect the European pond turtle, it is important to know the basking habits among the biological characteristics of the species, along with the effects of the habitat characteristics and the choice of the type of basking sites. The purpose of our research was to detect the effects of macro- and microhabitat features on the selection of basking sites. We wanted to determine basking site type selection according to the carapace length classes and if there is any difference in the choice of basking trunks and branches with different thicknesses. Turtles choose basking sites with less closed vegetation in their environment. We have detected seasonal differences in the microhabitat features. The closing reed and Typha sp. had a negative effect on the number of observed basking turtles. The most popular type of basking sites in the pond system was the commonly occurred fallen tree trunks and branches in the water, regardless of turtle body size. Most turtles used thinner tree trunks and branches for basking. In the meantime, we found differences in the choice of basking trunks between the turtles with different body sizes. Younger turtles with smaller bodies appeared in larger numbers on emergent branches with smaller diameters.

scholarly journals Signs of wildlife activity and Eucalyptus wandoo condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Moore ◽  
M. D. Craig ◽  
L. E. Valentine ◽  
G. E. St J. Hardy ◽  
P. A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Foraging Effort ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Eucalyptus Wandoo ◽  
Tree Condition

Soil disturbance by terrestrial vertebrates when foraging for food and shelter is not only a sign of activity but an ecosystem function required for soil health. Many forests and woodlands worldwide are currently showing signs of a decline in condition due to various causes. Eucalyptus wandoo, endemic to south-west Western Australia, has undergone a decline in condition over the last decade. This paper explores the influence of E. wandoo condition (e.g. loss of canopy) and the associated changes in the habitat (e.g. changes in leaf litter and bare ground cover) on the foraging activities and soil disturbance by vertebrates. The number of diggings and scats, a representation of the foraging effort by some vertebrates, were recorded in Dryandra Woodland and Wandoo Conservation Park, Western Australia. Mixed-model ANOVAs were used to explore the relationships between the number of scats and diggings with tree and habitat characteristics. More vertebrate diggings and scats were recorded beneath healthier E. wandoo trees. Diggings and scats were also correlated with time since last fire and seasonal differences, with more time since last fire and wetter months related to more diggings and scats. Changes in foraging effort, or turnover of soil by vertebrates, could be a result modification of the level of soil turnover and alter many ecosystem services such as tree recruitment and nutrient cycling, in turn altering the habitat quality and even tree condition itself.

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration of the Tree Stand in the Bilberry Spruce Forest—Clear-Cutting Ecotone Complex in the First Post-Logging Decade

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Genikova ◽  
Viktor N. Mamontov ◽  
Alexander M. Kryshen ◽  
Vladimir A. Kharitonov ◽  
Sergey A. Moshnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting

Bilberry spruce forests are the most widespread forest type in the European boreal zone. Limiting the clear-cuttings size leads to fragmentation of forest cover and the appearance of large areas of ecotone complexes, composed of forest (F), a transition from forest to the cut-over site under tree canopy (FE), a transition from forest to the cut-over site beyond tree canopy (CE), and the actual clear-cut site (C). Natural regeneration of woody species (spruce, birch, rowan) in the bilberry spruce stand—clear-cut ecotone complex was studied during the first decade after logging. The effects produced by the time since cutting, forest edge aspect, and the ground cover on the emergence and growth of trees and shrubs under forest canopy and openly in the clear-cut were investigated. Estimating the amount and size of different species in the regeneration showed FE and CE width to be 8 m—roughly half the height of first-story trees. Typical forest conditions (F) feature a relatively small amount of regenerating spruce and birch. The most favorable conditions for natural regeneration of spruce in the clear-cut—mature bilberry spruce stand ecotone are at the forest edge in areas of transition both towards the forest and towards the clear-cut (FE and CE). Clear-cut areas farther from the forest edge (C) offer an advantage to regenerating birch, which grows densely and actively in this area.

scholarly journals The woody flora of Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary, central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India - A checklist

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 20033-20055
Author(s):  
Naveen Babu Kanda ◽  
Kurian Ayushi ◽  
Vincy K. Wilson ◽  
Narayanan Ayyappan ◽  
Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Central Western Ghats ◽  
The Western Ghats

Documenting the biodiversity of protected areas and reserve forests is important to researchers, academicians and forest departments in their efforts to establish policies to protect regional biodiversity. Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) is an important protected area located in the central Western Ghats of Karnataka state known for its diverse flora and fauna with distinct ecological features. For the last four decades the sanctuary has witnessed the loss of forest cover, yet the vegetation in few locations is relatively undisturbed. The current inventory was undertaken during 2019–2020 to provide a checklist of woody species from SWS under-researched earlier. The list comprises 269 species of trees, lianas and shrubs distributed in 207 genera and 68 families. The most diverse families are Fabaceae, Moraceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Lauraceae, Apocynaceae, Meliaceae, Malvaceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Anacardiaceae, representing 48% of total woody flora. The sanctuary shelters 263 native and six exotic plant species. Thirty-nine species were endemic to the Western Ghats, five species to peninsular India and one species to the Western Ghats and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Four forest types, i.e., dry deciduous, moist deciduous, semi-evergreen, and evergreen forests, are represented in the sanctuary. Of the total species, only seven occurred in all forest types, while 111 species are exclusive to a single forest type. One-hundred-and-four taxa were assessed for the International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List. Ten species that fall under Near Threatened, Vulnerable, and Endangered categories were encountered occasionally. The baseline data generated on plant diversity will be useful in highlighting the importance of these forests for species conservation and forest management. Such data form a cornerstone for further research. For instance, to understand the effect of invasive species and human impacts on the diversity of the region. 

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