BACTERIA AS FOOD FOR BLACKFLY LARVAE (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN LABORATORY CULTURES AND IN NATURAL STREAMS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. H. Fredeen
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Blackfly Larvae

Planktonic bacteria as food for filter-feeding blackfly larvae were investigated in laboratory tests and in the field. Three of the commonest blackflies in Western Canada, Simulium venustum, S. verecundum, and S. vittatum, developed to adults from first-instar larvae and a fourth species, S. arcticum, developed to, or nearly to, last-instar larvae, when offered only washed suspensions of Bacillus subtilis, Aerobacter aerogenes, or Escherichia coli as food.Average concentrations of 1.3 × 106 to 34.9 × 106 cells per ml of the gram-negative A. aerogenes allowed production of adults, with best larval growth and survival in the higher concentrations. In local streams and rivers the bacterial content ranged from 0.1 × 106 to 25.0 × 106 (av. 2.2 × 106) cells per ml. Ultraviolet irradiation of the bacteria to reduce the proportion of live cells to as low as 0.1%, near the proportion in many streams, and the use of the gram-positive B. subtilis, adversely affected survival rates of the larvae.In certain streams bacteria and blackfly larvae apparently represented the basic trophic levels in the food web. Also, bacteria leached from soils and sewage may have been important in the development of outbreaks of S. arcticum.

Age-Specific Host Utilization in the Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Rieske
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
White Pine ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Conium Maculatum ◽  
Eastern Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Larval growth and survival of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americana F., was assessed on its preferred host, black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrhart), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.), white oak (Quercus alba L.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and on the herbaceous biennial poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Larvae grew largest and had the greatest pupation and survival rates when fed black cherry and white oak. They did not grow well on black locust or white pine, but survival rates were relatively high, suggesting that both plant species could potentially serve to sustain tent caterpillar populations. Growth and survival was so low on hackberry and poison hemlock that they pose little chance of sustaining outbreaking caterpillar populations.

The Nutrition of the Larva of Aedes Aegypti L

1945 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
L. GOLBERG ◽  
B. DE MEILLON ◽  
M. LAVOIPIERRE
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Vital Effect

1. Autolysis products of fresh brewer's yeast, tested for their ability to promote growth of larvae of Aedes aegypti, revealed the loss of an essential part of the activity of the original yeast. Under suitably modified conditions this loss could be avoided. 2. A basal medium comprising the water-insoluble factor of brewer's yeast, glucose, salt mixture and yeast nucleic acid requires supplementation with thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and possibly with biotin in order to permit larval growth to the fourth instar. 3. For pupation, one further factor appears to be necessary, namely, folic acid. Its effect is specific, for it cannot be replaced by xanthopterin or thymine. It exercises an important effect also on growth and survival rates, bodily pigmentation and size of the larvae. 4. The following substances when added to or withheld from various media did not appear to influence growth or survival of the larvae; other vitamins of the B group, amino-acids, purines, pyrimidines, glutathione, ascorbic acid and possibly vitamin K. 5. Transference of larvae from a folic acid-free medium to one containing the vitamin, and vice versa, revealed that the presence of folic acid seems to have its most vital effect during the third stage of larval life.

scholarly journals Response of larval and juvenile rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) to different diets under controlled conditions 331

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wolnicki ◽  
J. Sikorska ◽  
R. Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Spinal Deformities ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Scardinius Erythrophthalmus ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Final Survival

The growth and survival of rudd <I>Scardinius erythrophthalmus</I> (L.) were evaluated in a laboratory at 25°C. In 20-day Experiment 1, first-feeding larvae at the age of 4 days post-hatch (initially: TL = 5.7 mm, BW = 0.9 mg) were fed live <I>Artemia</I> nauplii or commercial dry feed (Aller Futura Larvae, AFL) or combinations of both. Even the longest period of initial feeding of nauplii (6 days) was insufficient to obtain satisfactory larval growth after weaning to AFL (TL = 12.4 mm and BW = 17.7 mg vs. TL = 18.9 mm and BW = 68.5 mg for the nauplii-fed fish, significant differences). Nauplii-fed older larvae (24 days post-hatch) were then used in Experiment 2, in which they were fed AFL or Ewos AgloNorse (EAN) dry feeds for 40 days. The EAN diet proved to be significantly (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.05) superior to AFL regarding the final fish growth (TL = 36.5 mm and BW = 506.8 mg vs. TL = 33.4 mm and BW = 392.0 mg ), final survival rates (97.6% vs. 100%) and the incidence of spinal deformities (0% vs. 13.5%).

First-instar monarch larval growth and survival on milkweeds in southern California: effects of latex, leaf hairs and cardenolides

Chemoecology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron P. Zalucki ◽  
Stephen B. Malcolm ◽  
Christopher C. Hanlon ◽  
Timothy D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Leaf Hairs ◽  
First Instar

scholarly journals You Better Repeat It: Complex CO2 × Temperature Effects in Atlantic Silverside Offspring Revealed by Serial Experimentation

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Murray ◽  
Hannes Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Silverside ◽  
Co2 Effects ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Temperature Interactions

Concurrent ocean warming and acidification demand experimental approaches that assess biological sensitivities to combined effects of these potential stressors. Here, we summarize five CO2 × temperature experiments on wild Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, offspring that were reared under factorial combinations of CO2 (nominal: 400, 2200, 4000, and 6000 µatm) and temperature (17, 20, 24, and 28 °C) to quantify the temperature-dependence of CO2 effects in early life growth and survival. Across experiments and temperature treatments, we found few significant CO2 effects on response traits. Survival effects were limited to a single experiment, where elevated CO2 exposure reduced embryo survival at 17 and 24 °C. Hatch length displayed CO2 × temperature interactions due largely to reduced hatch size at 24 °C in one experiment but increased length at 28 °C in another. We found no overall influence of CO2 on larval growth or survival to 9, 10, 15 and 13–22 days post-hatch, at 28, 24, 20, and 17 °C, respectively. Importantly, exposure to cooler (17 °C) and warmer (28 °C) than optimal rearing temperatures (24 °C) in this species did not appear to increase CO2 sensitivity. Repeated experimentation documented substantial inter- and intra-experiment variability, highlighting the need for experimental replication to more robustly constrain inherently variable responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the early life stages of this ecologically important forage fish appear largely tolerate to even extreme levels of CO2 across a broad thermal regime.

scholarly journals Utilization of Trash Fish for Cultivation of Crablet Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Heppi Iromo ◽  
Dori Rachmawani ◽  
Abdul Jabarsyah ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Width ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Trash Fish ◽  
In The Wild

The high demand for mud crabs in North Kalimantan causes catch to increase in the wild. If it is not balanced with efforts to increase its aquaculture of mud crab, in the future there will be a decline in population. This study aims to determine the growth and survival rate of mud crab seed (crablet, Scylla serrata) in the application method of different types of trash fish. This research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The Crablet used carapace width average 0.07-0.09 cm and weigh average 0.05-0.07 g with total 150 crablets. The treatments applied by trash fish were (A) Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), (B) Longfin Herrings Fish (Ilisha elongata), (C) Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and (D) Snails (Telescopium telescopium). The results were The best weight growth of crablet occurs in the treatment of T. lepturus (P>0.05) and  the highest of survival rates of crablet were found in treatment T. telescopium (P<0.05)  than the other. The trash fish were used turned out to be able survival of crablet mud crab (Scylla serrata).

scholarly journals NURSERY TECHNIQUES WITH JUVENILE CORAL TROUT, Plectropomus leopardus WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Alit ◽  
Ketut Maha Setiawati ◽  
Tony Setia Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Coral Trout ◽  
Juvenile Coral ◽  
Trash Fish

ABSTRACT Feed management is a critical factor in the nursery activities because food serves as an energy for growth and survival rates. The study aimed to determine the best feeding to improve growth and survival rates. Cultured of coral trout grouper seeds were used for this research in 9 fiber tubs each of  0.8 tonnes of sea water volume with 3 treatments and 3 replicates. The feeding treatments were (a) commercial feeding pelle; (b) trash fish; and (c) feeding combinations (50% pellets and 50% trash fish). The initial length of coral trout grouper seeds were 3 cm long. The pellet used was a commercial pellet with dose of 5-10% biomass, while the trash fish was clupeid fish. Feeding times were twice a daya at 08:00 and 16:00 local time. A complete random design was used as an experiment design. Data was analysed using ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Water qualities during larva rearing included water temperature, pH, salinity, DO, ammonia, nitrite, and phosphate. The results showed that growth dan survical rates was significantly affected by combination feeding method (50% pellet and 50% trash fish) with growth rate of 0.08% cm/day and survival rate of 60.20±2.34%. Keywords: Feed, trash fish, juvenile coral trout grouper, growth, and survival.

Growth and Survival of Hormone-Sterilized Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Kokanee Salmon (O. nerka) in a Lacustrine Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1490-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Parkinson ◽  
Kanji Tsumura
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Lacustrine Environment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Kokanee Salmon ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Normal Life Span ◽  
And Control

Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and kokanee salmon (O. nerka) were sterilized using 17α-methyltestosterone treatments and released into a lacustrine environment. The treatment appeared to be successful and sizes at capture were similar for treated and control fish. Return rates of hormone-treated groups of fish were much lower than those of the control groups. Differences in return rates were assumed to be due to differences in survival rates but the possibility of differential vulnerability to the capture gear could not be ruled out. The proportion of treated kokanee in the catch increased with age, indicating that treated kokanee survived beyond the normal life span of the species.

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