Substitution of natural feed with artificial feed on the survival rate and growth rate of giant-snakehead Channa micropeltes

The purpose of this study was to determine the best percentage of artificial feed substitution for growth and survival rate of giant-snakehead. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 levels of artificial feed substitution dose treatment, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and control (without artificial substitution). The feed used in the form of fresh trash fish mixed with artificial feed FF-999 with a protein content of 35%. The results showed that the control treatment (100% trash fish) gave the best survival rate and spesific growth rate of 75% and 2.12%/day, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage of artificial feed substitution treatment which gave the best survival rate and specific growth rate was found in the substitution percentage treatment of 25% artificial feed with a survival rate of 66.67% and a daily weight growth rate of 1.89%/day. Substitution of 100% artificial feed caused death with a 0% survival rate. Keywords: artificial feed, feed substitution, giant-snakehead, survival rate, growth ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan persentase substitusi pakan buatan yang terbaik untuk laju pertumbuhan, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan toman. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan 4 level dosis substitusi pakan buatan yaitu 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100% serta 1 kontrol (tanpa substitusi pakan buatan). Pakan yang digunakan berupa ikan rucah segar dicampur dengan pakan buatan berupa pellet dengan merk FF-999 berkadar protein 35%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kontrol (100% ikan rucah) memberikan tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan laju pertumbuhan berat harian terbaik masing-masing sebesar 75% dan 2.12%/hari. Sementara untuk perlakuan persentase substitusi pakan buatan yang memberikan tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan laju pertumbuhan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan persentase substitusi sebesar 25% pakan buatan dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 66.67% dan laju pertumbuhan berat harian 1.89%/hari. Substitusi 100% pakan buatan menyebabkan kematian dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 0%. Kata kunci: ikan toman, kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan, pakan buatan, substitusi pakan.

Effects of feed on fatty acid composition in muscles and gonads of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

In this study, the effects of different feeds on fatty acid composition in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were investigated. The fatty acid composition in the Chinese mitten crab was significantly correlated with the type of feed source provided. Differences between the feed groups pertained mainly five fatty acids: oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The content of EPA and DHA was higher in the group of frozen trash fish than in the group of formulated feed. On the other hand, the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid was higher in the formulated feed group than in the frozen trash fish group. There were significant differences in the nutritional value of the Chinese mitten crab reared under different feed sources, i.e. Chinese mitten crabs reared with the frozen trash fish feed were larger than those reared with the formulated feed, especially as regards the ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratio and essential fatty acid levels.

Farming practices affect the amino acid profiles of the aquaculture Chinese mitten crab

Farming operation and amino acid profiles of pond-reared Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis (Milne Edwards, 1853), collected from different areas in Jiangsu Province, China were investigated and compared with the aim to elucidate how farming practices affected the nutritional values of three edible tissues (muscle, hepatopancreas and gonad) of crab. The crab pond aquaculture practices including snail input, macrophytes coverage, total commercial feed, the ratio of trash fish to total feed, were much higher in Gaochun and Jintan than that in other sites (having larger pond size), which leads to higher average individual body weight and commercial yields. Further, the mean body weight, muscle weight, carapace length and width, and the ratio of gonad to hepatopancreas were significantly higher in Jintan, Suzhou and Gaochun areas than in other regions. Amino acid assessment showed that all crabs collected delivered high-quality protein (Amino acid score >1 except Valine), the main amino acids being glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine. Significant differences in amino acid profiles were observed between sites, tissues and sexes. Muscles were rich in total amino acids, essential amino acids, and delicious amino acids, followed by gonads and hepatopancreas. The contents of essential amino acids in crab muscles from Gaochun, Jintan, Suzhou and Guannan were significantly higher than those from Suqian, Sihong and Xinghua. All the amino acids except Serine and Glycine were significantly higher in gonads from males than from females. The redundancy analysis revealed that the snail input, trash fish ratio to the total feed, macrophytes coverage and total trash fish supply explained 84.3% of the variation in the amino acid content and structure in crabs from Gaochun, Jintan and Suzhou. Overall, our results show that mitten crabs collected in Jiangsu province had good nutritional quality suitable for human dietary needs, and that farming practices, especially degree of fish-source protein feeding, influence the amino acids composition of crabs.

LAJU PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN BARONANG Siganus canalicalatus YANG DIBERI JENIS PAKAN DAN FREKUENSI YANG BERBEDA DI KERAMBA JARING APUNG

This research is about "Growth Rate and Survival Rate of Baronang Siganus canaliculatus Fish Given Different Types of Feed and Frequency in the Floating Net Cages. The research lasted as long as for 6 (six) months from May to October 2018.The design of this study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using 2 factors as treatment, namely: (1) 50% of the trash fish, 50% papaya leaves, and 25% trash fish & 75% papaya leaves. (2) the frequency of feeding once, the frequency of feeding 2 times and the frequency of feeding 3 times. This treatment is to see whether there is a significant difference between the treatment of growth rate and survival rate of baronang fish (Siganus canaliculatus) as the research sample. From the research data analyzed using ANOVA, it was found that the type of feed and the frequency of distribution had a significant effect on the growth rate. Based on statistics, the results of this study showed no significant effect between treatments on growth, survival and FCR. Feeding with a composition of 50% trash fish and 50% papaya leaves with a frequency of 3 times gave the highest growth rate, survival and FCR values for rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus) rearing for 120 days in Floating Net Cages

PEMANFAATAN IKAN RUCAH ZERO WASTE SEBAGAI PAKAN DALAM PEMELIHARAAN IKAN KUWE DI KERAMBA JARING APUNG DUSUN WAEL KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

Feed stands a significant factor in determining the success of a cultivation business. One type of feed used in marine fish farming is trash fish. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the growth rate of trevally fish after feeding trash fish, 2) to analyze the feed conversion and efficiency of feeding trash fish, and 3) to analyze the survival rate of trevally fish by feeding trash fish in Wael Village, Westen Seram Regency. The research was conducted in May-November 2020, located in Wael Village, Minapolitan Region, Westen Seram Regency. The method used was the observation through the stages of seed selection, seed maintenance and feeding. The success of the feed given will be analyzed through the growth rates of trevally fishes that have been given feed, feed efficiency, feed conversion and survival rate of trevally fish. The results showed that the growth rate of trevally fish was 1.73% and it was classified as good. This is influenced by the stocking density which was carried out in accordance with the area of ​​the container and the needs of the fish so that the trevally fish can grow well. The feed conversion values ​​and feed efficiency were 2.97 and 33.3%, respectively. The results of the feed conversion are categorized as still feasible for a trevally fish cultivation business. The survival of trevally fish is 90-95%, this is due to the regular management of feeding, the daily control, as well as stocking density that is not too high. ABSTRAK Pakan merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan suatu usaha budidaya. Salah satu jenis pakan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan budidaya ikan laut adalah ikan rucah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) mengetahui laju pertumbuhan ikan kuwe setelah pemberian pakan ikan rucah, 2) menganalisis konversi pakan serta efisiensi pemberikan pakan ikan rucah, dan 3) menganalisis tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan kuwe dengan pemberian pakan ikan rucah di Dusun Wael, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Nopember 2020 yang berlokasi di Dusun Wael Kawasan Minapolitan Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode observasi melalui tahapan seleksi benih, pemeliharaan benih dan pemberian pakan. Keberhasilan pakan yang diberikan akan dianalisa melalui laju pertumbuhan ikan kuwe yang telah diberikan pakan, efisiensi pakan, konversi pakan serta kelangsungan hidup ikan kuwe. Hasil penelitian menunjukan laju pertumbuhan ikan kuwe sebesar 1,73% dan tergolong baik. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh padat tebar yang dilakukan sesuai dengan luas wadah dan kebutuhan ikan sehingga ikan kuwe dapat bertumbuh dengan baik. Nilai konversi pakan dan efisiensi pakan masing-masing sebesar 2,97 dan 33,3%. Hasil konversi pakan dikategorikan masih layak bagi suatu usaha budidaya ikan kuwe. Kelangsungan hidup ikan kuwe sebesar 90-95%, hal ini disebabkan karena manajemen pemberian pakan yang teratur, pengontrolan yang dilakukan setiap hari, serta padat tebar yang tidak terlalu tinggi. Kata Kunci : Pakan, ikan rucah, konversi pakan, efisiensi pakan, Caranx sexfasciatus

Effect of different types of feed (squid, sea worms, and trash fish) to gonad maternity and fundamental levels of Galah shrimp (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii)

Giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) need enough nutrients for the reproductive process. One way to give feed which contains high enough protein. Complete nutritional content, especially protein, can be found in natural food. The type of natural feed used for main feeds including squid, sea worms, trash fish. Complete nutrient content can affect the rate of gonadal development and fecundity. (Squid, sea worms, trash fish) on the level of gonadal maturity and density of broodstock parents (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). This research was conducted by a completely randomized design (CRD) trial design. This study used 4 replications of different types of feeding. The types of feed given are squid, sea worms, trash fish, and pellets at a dose of 5% from biomass/day. The parameters of observation include observation of the level of gonad resistance, fundamentality of broodstock parent, and measurement of water quality (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen). The results showed that the administration of different types of feed (sea worms, trash fish) had a very significant effect on the level of maturity and had a significant effect on the probability of prawns (M. rosenbergii). After analysis of variance, the results of F Calculations are greater than F Table 0.05 and F Table 0.01. The smallest significant difference test (LSD) was obtained in P1 (Squid feed) with the Gonad maturity rate ± 5- 6 days as much as 83 % parent and fecundity average results of 28,846 ± 4,925.3 thousand / 45 g.

Feeding history affects the crabseed quality and subsequent culture performance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Brachyura, Varunidae)

A 6-month feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the hepatopancreas colour, proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, pathogen resistance and growth performance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 fed either formulated diets (FD), traditional diets (TD) or a mixture feeding of traditional diets and frozen trash fish (TF). The results showed that: (1) The hepatopancreas redness (a*) in the FD treatment was significantly higher than that in the other two treatments (). (2) The significantly higher activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in the hepatopancreas in the FD treatment, while a significantly higher content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the haemolymph in the TF treatment (). (3) FD and TD treatment, respectively, had the lowest and the highest mortality after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophila. (4) Females in the FD treatment had a significantly shorter intermoult period in the indoor culture experiment (), no significant difference was observed in weight gain rate, specific growth rate, or survival. In conclusion, formulated diets could enhance the crabseed quality of E. sinensis compared to traditional diets or trash fish.