The crayfish Orconectes virilis: survival in a region with severe winter conditions

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Aiken
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
River System ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Orconectes Virilis ◽  
Gonadal Maturation ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Observed Behavior

An attempt was made to determine whether Orconectes virilis from a shallow river system in eastcentral Alberta has evolved a behavioral or physiological response which allows it to survive under the severe winter conditions of this region. From observations and experiments in the field and laboratory it was concluded that O. virilis cannot withstand even a small degree of freezing, and does not actively burrow into mud to escape the danger of freezing. The only observed behavior contributing to winter survival is a seasonal movement of mature animals to deeper water, and this is apparently associated more with gonadal maturation than with winter survival. The results from these experiments indicate that immature animals suffer a higher winter kill than do mature animals, and that winter survival of the species in any region is dependent upon the presence of habitat in which there is some water which does not freeze to the substratum at any time during the year.

An ecological study of the branchiobdellid commensals (Annelida-Branchiobdellidae) of some mid-western Ontario crayfish

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Orconectes Propinquus ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Laurel Creek

Orconectes propinquus and Cambarus robustus from the Speed River, Sunfish Lake, and Laurel Creek, harbor two branchiobdellids, Cambarincola chirocephala and Pterodrilus distichus. Both adult and cocoon populations of the dominant species (C. chirocephala) are proportional to the size of the host throughout the year, except that first-year crayfish are free of cocoons. The reduction in total number of commensals from autumn to spring can be attributed to severe winter conditions. A subrostral site of preference for adult branchiobdellid attachment, and a dominant abdomen I and II site for cocoon deposition are indicated for O. propinquus. On C. robustus, adults are most commonly found on the antennal bases and among the maxillipeds, and cocoons on the last live abdominal sternites. No host specificity is evident although an unidentified Cambarus sp. from Sunfish Lake is free of commensals. Host incompatibility may explain this, but data from Laurel Creek indicate that silting of the microhabitat is responsible for loss of branchiobdellid population. The crayfish–branchiobdellid relationship is commensal, or at most facultatively parasitic, as adult worms can live without a host for extended periods. Serological testing of rabbit serum containing branchiobdellid antibodies against crayfish serum is negative. The dependence of the egg stage on the host for some undetermined factor or factors is discussed. An Asellus sp. fails to pick up the commensals even when exposed under ideal conditions for colonization.

scholarly journals Mass mortality of invasive zebra and quagga mussels by desiccation during severe winter conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Leuven ◽  
Frank Collas ◽  
K. Remon Koopman ◽  
Jon Matthews ◽  
Gerard van der Velde
Keyword(s):  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Quagga Mussels ◽  
Winter Conditions

Cold-Hardiness, Habitat and Winter Survival of Some Orchard Arthropods in Nova Scotia

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Kings County ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Cold Hardy

AbstractIn Kings County, Nova Scotia, low temperatures in the coldest nights of winter can differ by as much as 10°F. from one area to another. This has an important bearing on winter survival of some arthropods. Overwintering sites of orchard arthropods range from exposed situations which remain at air temperature to well protected ones on the ground where temperatures rarely go below 20°F. The cold-hardiness of each of 24 species of arthropods was measured: seven were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive any winter conditions in Nova Scotia, five were less cold-hardy but overwinter in well protected sites and twelve had marginal cold-hardiness, their mortality varying with the winter and the locality.

Method for Incubating Leaf Tissue to Study Decomposition in Streams

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Eidt ◽  
J. H. Meating
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Leaf Packs ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Black Plastic

Discs of leaf tissue in mesh bags were incubated inside black plastic tubes secured to the stream bottom. The method minimizes losses of samples due to severe winter conditions and is easier to use than leaf packs or decomposition boxes.

New crayfish species records from the Sipsey Fork drainage, including Lewis Smith Reservoir (Alabama, USA): native or introduced species?

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Susan B. Adams ◽  
Craig Roghair ◽  
Colin Krause ◽  
Melvin L. Warren ◽  
J. Allison Cochran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
River System ◽  
Orconectes Virilis ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Community Changes ◽  
Black Warrior River ◽  
Crayfish Species

Abstract As part of a study of aquatic faunal community changes along riverine-lacustrine transition zones upstream of Lewis Smith Reservoir in northwest Alabama, USA, we collected crayfish from 60 sites in the Sipsey Fork, Brushy Creek, and selected tributaries (Black Warrior River system). After finding two unexpected and possibly-introduced crayfish species, we expanded our investigation of crayfish distributions to include crayfish obtained from stomachs of black bass (Micropterus spp.) caught at seven sites in the reservoir. To explore what crayfish species were in the drainage historically, we examined museum databases as well as stomach and intestinal contents of a variety of preserved fishes that were caught in the Sipsey Fork and Brushy Creek drainages upstream of the reservoir in the early 1990’s. Of the seven crayfish species collected, one, Orconectes (Procericambarus) sp. nr ronaldi, was not previously reported from Alabama, and another, O. lancifer, was not reported from the Black Warrior River system prior to the study. Three are known or possibly introduced species. Upstream of the reservoir, the native species Cambarus obstipus, C. striatus, and O. validus were common. The same three species were found in fish collected in the 1990’s. Orconectes perfectus was found only in the reservoir but may be native to the drainage. Orconectes lancifer was in the reservoir and in stream reaches influenced by the reservoir. Evidence points to O. lancifer being introduced in the drainage, but this is uncertain. Orconectes sp. nr ronaldi was found in a relatively small portion of Brushy Creek and its tributaries, in both flowing and impounded habitats, and may be introduced. Orconectes virilis is introduced in Alabama and was found only in stomachs of fish collected in the reservoir.

Winter survival and habitat use of orphaned and non-orphaned moose calves in southern Quebec

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Jolicoeur ◽  
Michel Crête
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Forage Utilization

Survival, movements, home ranges, habitat selection, and diets of 13 orphaned and 13 non-orphaned moose calves were compared during their first winter. Survival of four other calves that became separated from their mothers was also monitored. The study took place during three winters between December 1978 and April 1983. Overall, winter survival rates between the two groups did not differ. When mortality did occur, it involved solitary (orphaned and separated) calves during a severe winter. Movements and home-range sizes of the two groups were also similar. Biomass of forage on winter sites, forage utilization, and importance of tree cover were similar on sites chosen by orphaned and non-orphaned calves. Minor differences were observed in the order of preference of browse species. Five solitary calves were involved in either temporary or permanent associations with other moose.

Preparations for Severe Winter Conditions by Emergency Health Personnel in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cüneyt Çalışkan ◽  
Aysun Algan ◽  
Hüseyin Koçak ◽  
Burcu Küçük Biçer ◽  
Meltem Şengelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central City ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
City Center ◽  
Ambulance Personnel ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Emergency Medical Personnel ◽  
The City

AbstractObjectiveEmergency and core ambulance personnel work under all environmental conditions, including severe weather condtions. We evaluated emergency medical personnel in Çanakkale, Turkey, for their degree of preparedness.MethodsA descriptive study was conducted in Çanakkale, Turkey, within 112 emergency service units and their 17 district stations. Surveys were developed to measure the level of preparedness for serious winter conditions that individual workers made for themselves, their homes, and their cars.ResultsOf the 167 survey participants, the mean age was 29.8 ± 7.9 years; 52.7% were women; more than half (54.75%) were emergency medical technicians; and 53.3% were married. Only 10.4% of those who heated their homes with natural gas had carbon monoxide detectors. Scores relating to household and individual preparation for severe winter conditions increased by participants’ age (P < .003), being married (P < .000) and working in the city center (P < .021); and for men whose cars were equipped with tow ropes, extra clothing, and snow tires (P < .05). Absenteeism was higher for central-city personnel than district workers because they were less prepared for harsh winter conditions (P = .016).ConclusionMany of the surveyed emergency health personel demonstrated insufficient preparations for serious winter conditions. To increase the safety and efficiency of emergency medical personnel, educational training programs should be rountinely conducted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-4)

scholarly journals Scots roses in Northern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Olena Rubtsova ◽  
Olena Kolesnichenko ◽  
Mykola Shumyk ◽  
Oleksandr Shynder ◽  
Valentina Chyzhankova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
William Iii

The article presents the results of the evaluation of eleven Scots rose cultivars in the northern part of Ukraine due to its severe winter conditions. A range of variations regarding the bloom colour, bloom size, bloom type, flowering incidence, plant size was noticed. The evaluation showed the decorative value and considerable frost resistance of the varieties ‘Double White’, ‘Dunwich Rose’, ‘Frühlingsduft’, ‘Frühlingsgold’, ‘Frühlingsmorgen’, ‘Karl Forster’, ‘Mon Amie Claire’, ‘Red Nelly’, ‘Stanwell Perpetual’, ‘Suzanne’, and ‘William III’. The varieties studied can be used for decorative purposes in urban landscapes in the northern part of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Renovation of Strawberries Grown on Plastic Mulch to Obtain Multiple Years of Harvest

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 800D-800
Author(s):  
Peter R. Probasco ◽  
Stephen A. Garrison ◽  
Joseph A. Fiola
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Ice Accumulation ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Winter Severity

Chandler strawberries were planted on plastic mulch in September and renovated at various times after harvest during the next summer. Renovation treatments included mowing, thinning to three crowns/plant, and mowing plus thinning. These treatments were applied to 1-year-old and 2-year-old beds of `Chandler' strawberries. We conducted this study over two harvest seasons to compare winter conditions and the influence of polyester rowcovers. The second harvest season had severe winter temperatures (–5F), along with frequent ice accumulation. Marketable yields, culls, and fruit size were determined from each treatment. Yields varied with the time of treatment and with the degree of winter severity. Fruit size of renovated berries was smaller than first year berries, but still marketable. Polyester covers increased early yields.

Assessment of alternative line plans for severe winter conditions in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten L. Trap ◽  
Dennis Huisman ◽  
Rob M. P. Goverde
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Winter Conditions
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