Taenia macrocystis (Diesing, 1850), its occurrence in Eastern Canada and Maine, U.S.A., and its life cycle in wild felines (Lynx rufus and L. canadensis) and hares (Lepus americanus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl C. Bursey ◽  
Michael D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Snowshoe Hares

Examination of 129 bobcats (Lynx rufus) from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Maine and 14 lynx (Lynx canadensis) from Newfoundland revealed the presence of adult Taenia macrocystis (Diesing 1850) in 86% of the bobcats and in all the lynx. Concurrent examination of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) showed that a high proportion of adult hares were infected with cestode larvae of the strobilocercus type. Scolices of these larvae were identical with scolices of T. macrocystis adults recovered from wild cats.Experimental infection of domestic cats with fresh larvae from hares yielded adult taeniids, within 42 days, which were identical with the adult T. macrocystis found in wild cats.Experimental infection of laboratory-reared snowshoe hares with eggs of these cestodes produced fully developed, infective strobilocercus larvae within 14 weeks, thus establishing that Lepus americanus acts as an intermediate host in the life cycle of T. macrocystis in northeastern North America.

scholarly journals CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS–ASSOCIATED ENCEPHALITIS IN FREE-LIVING LYNX (LYNX CANADENSIS) AND BOBCATS (LYNX RUFUS) OF EASTERN CANADA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Daoust ◽  
Scott R. McBurney ◽  
Dale L. Godson ◽  
Marco W. G. van de Bildt ◽  
Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Free Living

Antipredator strategies of caribou: dispersion along shorelines

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Bergerud
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis ◽  
Antipredator Strategies ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Snowshoe Hares

A small herd of 15–31 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) inhabited a shoreline strip of habitat along Lake Superior from 1972 to 1983. By remaining near the shoreline, they were spaced away from the major distributions of wolves (Canis lupus) and lynx (Lynx canadensis) that hunted mainly inland for moose (Alces alces) and snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), respectively. Lake Superior also provided a means of escape from wolves, and offshore islands constituted safe parturition sites. The persistence of this herd is consistent with the hypothesis that viable caribou populations cannot survive on ranges frequented by high numbers of wolves (maintained mainly by moose prey) unless there are special habitat features providing escape for cows with young calves.

Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Lynx (Lynx canadensis) and Bobcats (Lynx rufus) from Québec, Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Labelle ◽  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
I. Mikaelian ◽  
N. Blanchette ◽  
R. Lafond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis

scholarly journals Historical distributions of bobcats (Lynx rufus) and Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) suggest no range shifts in British Columbia, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1299-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gooliaff ◽  
K.E. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis ◽  
Range Margin ◽  
Canada Lynx ◽  
Range Dynamics

Species across the planet are shifting their ranges in response to climate change and habitat loss. However, range shifts may vary, with populations moving in some areas but remaining stable in others; the conditions that encourage range stability rather than range shifts are poorly known. Bobcats (Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777)) and Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792) are congeneric mesocarnivores with wide ranges across North America and range overlap in southern boreal and montane forests (the southern edge for lynx and the northern edge for bobcat). The ranges of both species are shifting in some parts of North America, in most cases resulting in a northward expansion for bobcats and a northward contraction for lynx. However, their range dynamics in the Pacific Northwest, which contains the northwestern range margin for bobcats and the southwestern range margin for lynx, have not been thoroughly documented. Here, we examine whether the range of each species has shifted in British Columbia (BC), Canada, provincially during 1983–2013 or in central BC during 1935–2013. Trapping records indicated that ranges have remained stable, and surveys from trappers supported these findings. Our findings are consistent with previous work showing that many wide-ranging species do not shift their range uniformly across their entire range edge. For bobcats and lynx, their range stability in BC contrasts with their range dynamics in other parts of North America.

scholarly journals Further occurrences of melanism in a northern, peripheral, population of Bobcat (Lynx rufus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Donald McAlpine
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Peripheral Population ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Eastern Canada

Although melanism is understood to occur commonly among some felids, it is reported to be most frequent among cat species that occur in humid, tropical, and densely vegetated habitats. Previously, a single record of a melanistic Bobcat (Lynx rufus) from eastern Canada (New Brunswick) appeared to be a northern outlier, with all other reports of melanism in this species restricted to the warm, humid, climate of southern peninsular Florida. Here, I document a further five occurrences of melanism in Bobcat from New Brunswick and review evidence that a mutation in an agouti-signalling protein gene may be responsible for melanism in New Brunswick Bobcats.

scholarly journals Landscape connectivity for bobcat (Lynx rufus) and lynx (Lynx canadensis) in the Northeastern United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0194243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Farrell ◽  
Daniel M. Levy ◽  
Therese Donovan ◽  
Ruth Mickey ◽  
Alan Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis ◽  
Northeastern United States

An experimental study of red fox predation on arctic and snowshoe hares

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1614-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Small ◽  
Lloyd B. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
The Status ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Experimental Trials

We tested the relative vulnerability of arctic (Lepus arcticus) and snowshoe (Lepus americanus) hares to predation by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in experimental trials on three islands off Newfoundland's southwest coast. Arctic hares were significantly more vulnerable than snowshoe hares to fox predation: they were killed at a higher rate, and though the probability of death increased slightly for arctic hares over a trial period, it decreased for snowshoe hares. Rates of fox predation on arctic hares were inversely related to home-range size and nutritional status, whereas predation on snowshoe hares was inversely related to the percentage of home-range core areas with dense understory cover. We believe the arctic hare's greater vulnerability to fox predation, found in this study, coupled with its apparent inability to utilize food resources in forested areas that support snowshoe hares, which we found in an earlier study, largely accounts for the current restriction of arctic hares in Newfoundland to certain mountain and coastal barrens. The status of arctic hare populations before the introduction of snowshoe hares is unclear. However, distribution and abundance likely decreased as red foxes and lynx (Lynx canadensis) increased and began to cycle with snowshoe hares. Dispersal of foxes, and perhaps of lynx, from forested areas following snowshoe hare declines would have periodically intensified predation on the barrens.

scholarly journals Tree Recruitment Limitation by Introduced Snowshoe Hares, Lepus americanus, on Kent Island, New Brunswick

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor S. Peterson ◽  
Akane Uesugi ◽  
John Lichter
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Tree Recruitment ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Communities

Species introductions often have negative consequences for native plant and animal communities of islands. Herbivores introduced to islands lacking predators can attain high population densities and alter native plant communities by selective consumption of palatable plants. We examined the legacy of the 1959 introduction of Snowshoe Hares (Lepus americanus) to Kent Island, New Brunswick, by reconstructing a history of tree recruitment on Kent Island and on nearby Outer Wood Island, which lacks Snowshoe Hares. Tree-ring records show pronounced recruitment peaks associated with farm abandonment in the 1930s for Kent Island and in the 1950s for Outer Wood Island. Following the introduction of Snowshoe Hares to Kent Island, tree recruitment plummeted and has remained low ever since. In contrast, trees continued to establish throughout the latter 20th century on Outer Wood Island. The high rates of seedling mortality on Kent Island associated with Snowshoe Hare browsing coupled with high rates of canopy tree mortality threaten to degrade severely the forest of this important seabird nesting sanctuary.

Synchrony in the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) cycle in northwestern North America, 1970–2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 562-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Krebs ◽  
Knut Kielland ◽  
John Bryant ◽  
Mark O’Donoghue ◽  
Frank Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis ◽  
Canada Lynx ◽  
Northwestern North America

Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) fluctuate in 9–10 year cycles throughout much of their North American range. Regional synchrony has been assumed to be the rule for these cycles, so that hare populations in virtually all of northwestern North America have been assumed to be in phase. We gathered qualitative and quantitative data on hare numbers and fur returns of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792) in the boreal forest regions of Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and northern British Columbia to describe synchrony in the time window of 1970–2012. Broad-scale synchrony in lynx fur returns was strong from 1970 to about 1995 but then seemed to break down in different parts of this region. Hare populations at 20 sites in Alaska, the Yukon, and Northwest Territories showed peak populations that lagged by 1–4 years during the 1990s and 2000s cycles. The simplest hypothesis to explain these patterns of asynchrony in hare cycles is the movement of predators from British Columbia north into the Yukon and then east into the Northwest Territories and west into Alaska. A traveling wave of these cycles is clearly seen in the lynx fur returns from western Canada and Alaska from 1970 to 2009. One consequence of a failure of synchrony is that hare predators like Canada lynx and Great-horned Owls (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin, 1788)) can move from one adjacent area to the next within this region and survive long enough to prolong low densities in hare populations that have declined earlier.

scholarly journals Spatial segregation and habitat partitioning of bobcat and Canada lynx

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robby R. Marrotte ◽  
Jeff Bowman ◽  
Samantha J. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Leading Edge ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Canada Lynx ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common

Harvest records suggest that the abundance of bobcats ( Lynx rufus) has increased and the leading edge of their distribution has spread northward, while the trailing edge of the Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis) range has contracted in Ontario, Canada. There has been a debate about whether these closely related felids might compete in areas of sympatry, but there is little research on sympatric populations of bobcat and lynx. Both species are found on the north shore of Lake Huron in Ontario, Canada, which provided an opportunity to investigate their spatial patterns and habitat use. We surveyed snowmobile routes for snow tracks over three winters and estimated probability of occupancy for the two felid species while accounting for detectability. Bobcat and lynx tracks were never found on the same survey route. Bobcat occupancy increased with habitat heterogeneity, whereas lynx occupancy increased with homogeneity. Our results fit with the common assumption of the generalist and specialist natures of bobcat and lynx, respectively. Our findings suggest that bobcats invaded former lynx territory after these areas became vacant. The story of the bobcat and the lynx is one of the loss of a unique, boreal specialist due to anthropogenic change, and eventual replacement by an adaptable generalist.

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