The polytene chromosomes of species of Eusimulium (Hellichiella) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Rothfels ◽  
Victor I. Golini
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
First Time

In an extension of Dunbar's work (R. W. Dunbar. 1967. Can. J. Zool. 45: 377–396) eight species in Hellichiella were examined cytologically on the basis of the banding pattern of salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Hellichiella congareenarum, H. innocens, and H. anatinum were restudied. It was concluded that the sibling distinction between congareenarum and congareenarum 'b' stipulated by Dunbar is not tenable and that anatinum differs from standard by only one inversion (IIS-1). Species studied for the first time are H. rendalense (from Norway), H. latipes (syn. subexcisum from Britain) and H. saccai (from Italy), and the undescribed "Opinaca" sp. (from James Bay, Quebec), and "sp. near dogieli" (from Norway). Diagnostic features are given for each taxon in terms of (i) fixed inversions from standard (congareenarum), (ii) specific sex differential segments, and (iii) inversion polymorphisms. These features are utilized in the construction of an unrooted cytophylogeny.

A comparison of polytene chromosomes in salivary glands and orbital bristle trichogen cells in Ceratitis capitata

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zacharopoulou ◽  
K. Bourtzis ◽  
Ph. Kerremans
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Different Tissues

The banding patterns of polytene chromosomes in different tissues of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, vary to such an extent that homologous chromosomes cannot be recognised. However, analyses of autosomal breakpoints in several translocation strains allowed chromosomes from the two tissues to be aligned despite their difference in banding pattern. These results were discussed, considering the different hypotheses of the origin and biological significance of polytene chromosome bands.Key words: polytene chromosomes, salivary gland chromosomes, orbital bristle trichogen cell chromosomes, Ceratitis capitata.

The Balbiani ring and the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila bicornuta

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mavragani-Tsipidou ◽  
Z. G. Scouras ◽  
A. Natsiou-Voziki
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Balbiani Ring

A study of the BR1 and of the most prominent puffs during larval development and after in vitro ecdysterone treatment, as well as of the banding pattern and inverted tandem chromosomal duplications of the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila bicornuta, is presented in this report. These data are compared and discussed with those of D. auraria and D. serrata, two other montium species.Key words: Drosophila, Balbiani ring, duplications, ecdysterone.

Cytogenetic analysis of Malpighian tubule and salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1070-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zambetaki ◽  
Kleanthis Kleanthous ◽  
Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Dacus Oleae ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Ectopic Pairing ◽  
Tandem Duplications

Photomaps of the Malpighian tubule and the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae) are presented and compared with those of the fat body. Five polytene chromosomes (10 polytene arms) corresponding to the five autosomes of the mitotic nuclei, as well as a heterochromatic mass corresponding to the sex chromosomes, are observed in the nuclei of the three somatic tissues. The most prominent features of each polytene chromosome, the reverse tandem duplications, as well as the rather unusual ectopic pairing of the telomeric regions of different chromosome arms, are described. The constancy of the banding pattern based on the analysis of the three larval tissues is discussed.Key words: Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae), polytene chromosomes, salivary gland, Malpighian tubule, banding pattern.

An intra- and inter-island study of the polytene chromosomes of Simulium exasperans (Diptera: Simuliidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Spironello ◽  
Fiona F Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Chromosomal Banding ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons ◽  
First Time

The polytene chromosome banding pattern of Simulium exasperans (Craig, 1987) is described for the first time. Three populations of S. exasperans from Moorea and Tahiti were examined cytologically. Interspecific comparisons revealed that S. exasperans is homosequential in chromosomal banding pattern to Simulium cataractarum (Craig, 1987), but contains three species-characteristic floating inversions: IL-1ex.2ex, IIL-1ex,2ex, and IIIL-1ex. No sex-linked inversions were identified; males and females had undifferentiated sex chromosomes. The IIL-1ex,2ex inversion was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in two of the three populations. From this preliminary data, two cytotypes may exist: cytotype A (Belvedre Cascade population) and cytotype B (1st Afareaitu Cascade and Jardin Public Vaipahi populations). Contrary to phylogenetic and biogeographic data, it is hypothesized that the Belvedre Cascade population (cytotype A) is ancestral to the populations containing cytotype B. Furthermore, a heterozygote advantage may exist in cytotype B.

Description of Chironomus quinnitukut, n. sp., closely related tothe C. decorus group in North America, with characterization of an additional larval form from halobiontic habitats

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2716 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JON MARTIN ◽  
JAMES E. SUBLETTE ◽  
BROUGHTON A. CALDWELL
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
North America ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Larval Form

Chironomus quinnitukqut n. sp., from halobiontic habitats in Connecticut and Massachusetts, is described on the basis of the adult and larval morphology, and the banding pattern of the salivary gland chromosomes. In previous studies, the Connecticut population has been referred to as Chironomus atrella Townes, but a re-examination has indicated that it can be readily differentiated from C. atrella in all life stages. Rather, the banding pattern of the polytene chromosomes indicates the species, is best placed as a member of the Chironomus decorus group. Larvae of a second halobiontic species, C. species Cape Cod, are morphologically very similar to C. quinnitukqut and this species also appears to be a member of the C. decorus group.

Cytotaxonomic differentiation of Wilhelmia equina (Linné, 1747) and Wilhelmia lineata (Meigen, 1804) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Andreas Weber ◽  
Jörg Grunewald
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Chromosomal Banding ◽  
Chromosome Maps ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphisms ◽  
Ectopic Pairing

In most cases the larvae of Wilhelmia equina and W. lineata cannot be distinguished by using classical morphological features. The morphological characteristics of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes allow one to differentiate clearly between the two species. Characteristic for W. equina are the extended region between the centromere, Ctr (transformed centromere), and the nucleolus organizer, NO, in IS, the definitive position of RB (ring of Balbiani) and bulge in IIS, and the fan-shaped IIIL telomere. The chromosomes of W. lineata are marked by complex chromosomal polymorphisms, the altered position of RB and bulge on IIS and by a strong ectopic pairing of centromeres. The comparison of banding patterns provides several intraspecific polymorphic inversions and interspecific fixed rearrangements for species diagnosis. Partial chromosome maps were established. The comparison of the chromosomal banding pattern of Wilhelmia with that of the Simulium standard reveals a whole-arm interchange between chromosomes I and II in Wilhelmia identical with that in Metomphalus, Prosimulium vernale, a form of P. mixtum, and Metacnephia.Key words: cytotaxonomy, Simuliidae, Wilhelmia equina, Wilhelmia lineata, larvae.

Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila 63F Early Puff: Characterization of Mutations in E63-1 and maggie, a Putative Tom22

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-244
Author(s):  
Martina Vaskova ◽  
A M Bentley ◽  
Samantha Marshall ◽  
Pamela Reid ◽  
Carl S Thummel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Ef Hand ◽  
Larval Salivary Gland ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Inducible Genes ◽  
Early Puff

Abstract The 63F early puff in the larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes contains the divergently transcribed E63-1 and E63-2 ecdysone-inducible genes. E63-1 encodes a member of the EF-hand family of Ca2+-binding proteins, while E63-2 has no apparent open reading frame. To understand the functions of the E63 genes, we have determined the temporal and spatial patterns of E63-1 protein expression, as well as undertaken a genetic analysis of the 63F puff. We show that E63-1 is expressed in many embryonic and larval tissues, but the third-instar larval salivary gland is the only tissue where increases in protein levels correlate with increases in ecdysone titer. Furthermore, the subcellular distribution of E63-1 protein changes dynamically in the salivary glands at the onset of metamorphosis. E63-1 and E63-2 null mutations, however, have no effect on development or fertility. We have characterized 40 kb of the 63F region, defined as the interval between Ubi-p and E63-2, and have identified three lethal complementation groups that correspond to the dSc-2, ida, and mge genes. We show that mge mutations lead to first-instar larval lethality and that Mge protein is similar to the Tom22 mitochondrial import proteins of fungi, suggesting that it has a role in mitochondrial function.

The larva of Hydropsyche perseus Malicky 2001, endemic to Kerkyra (Corfu) Island, including a key for the known Hydropsyche larvae of the Greek islands

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4504 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
IOANNIS KARAOUZAS ◽  
YIANNIS KAPAKOS
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
First Time

The larva of Hydropsyche perseus Malicky 2001, endemic species of Kerkyra Island (Corfu), Greece, is described for the first time. The diagnostic features of the species are described and illustrated, and some information regarding its ecology is included. In addition, a tabular key for larvae of the known Hydropsyche species of the Greek Islands is provided. 

The larvae of three Greek species of Hydropsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) and key for larvae of known Aegean Hydropsyche species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4382 (2) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
IOANNIS KARAOUZAS
Keyword(s):  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
First Time ◽  
Of Greece

The larvae of Hydropsyche cetibeli Malicky & Sipahiler 1993 from the Aegean, Hydropsyche mostarensis Klapálek 1898, endemic of the Balkan Peninsula, and Hydropsyche pygmalion Malicky 2001 endemic of Serifos Island (Cyclades, Greece) are described for the first time. The diagnostic features of the species are described and illustrated, and some information regarding their ecology is included. In addition, a tabular key for larvae of the known Hydropsyche species of Greece and the Aegean Islands is included. 

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