Effects of elevated hydrogen ion and aluminum concentrations on the survival of amphibian embryos and larvae

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Clark ◽  
Ronald J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Chemical Variable

Egg hatching success was measured for three amphibian species (Bufo americanus, Rana sylvatica, and Ambystoma maculatum) exposed to varying hydrogen ion, aluminum, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In the first experiment, hatching success in six stream pools was negatively correlated with Al and DOC and positively correlated with pH. Effects of any one chemical variable, however, could not be separated from the others. In a second experiment, to separate effects of pH and Al from DOC, eggs and larvae were exposed to simulated stream pools in which pH was reduced. At pH 4.8 and 37 μg/L inorganic monomeric Al, only eggs of A. maculatum were affected. At pH 4.3, 46 μg/L inorganic monomeric Al was more toxic (compared with 34–35 μg/L at pH 4.8 and 4.3) to B. americanus and R. sylvatica embryos. Bufo americanus was more sensitive to low pH and elevated Al than R. sylvatica. Mortality of eggs of both species mainly occurred within 1 day of exposure but continued until hatching. Mortality of A. maculatum eggs, however, did not occur during the 4 days of acidification, but 2–3 weeks later, at the time of hatching. Larval survival in general was not affected by reduced pH (pH 4.3) and (or) elevated Al (up to 46 μg/L inorganic monomeric Al).

A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Aluminum and pH on Amphibian Eggs and Tadpoles

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1544-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Clark ◽  
Bruce D. Lazerte
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Aluminum Speciation ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Bufo americanus and Rana sylvatica eggs and tadpoles were exposed in laboratory bioassays to a range of pH and aluminum concentrations commonly encountered in ponds and streams of central Ontario. Bufo americanus and R. sylvatica hatching success was reduced at pH 4.14. The addition of 10 μg inorganic monomeric aluminum (IMAl)/L at pH < 4.35 further reduced hatching success of B. americanus. Rana sylvatica was slightly less sensitive, with hatching success being reduced by addition of 20 μg IMAl/L at pH 4.14. Increasing aluminum concentrations at pH 4.14 appeared to have no further effect except at the highest level used (200 μg/L). IMAI that was toxic at pH 4.35 or 4.14 had no effect at pH 4.75 or 5.75. Toxicity was not dependent on the aluminum speciation, since similar levels of Al3+ and Al(OH)x complexes that were toxic at pH 4.14 were not toxic at pH 4.75; also, Al(F)x complexes were as toxic as Al3+. Egg mortality due to hydrogen ion stress was correlated with a delay in time of hatch and a reduction in egg size; however, there was no consistent pattern with respect to aluminum stress. Bufo americanus and R. sylvatica tadpoles were not sensitive to up to 200 μg IMAl/L and pH as low as 4.14.

Variation in amount of surrounding forest habitat influences the initial orientation of juvenile amphibians emigrating from breeding ponds

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy J. Walston ◽  
Stephen J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Woodland Ponds ◽  
Emigration Behavior

Juvenile dispersal is important for the persistence of ​amphibian populations. Previous studies have observed nonrandom orientation in juvenile amphibians emigrating from breeding ponds; however, the environmental cues associated with these movements are not well understood. We examined the emigration behavior of recently metamorphosed juveniles of three pond-breeding amphibian species from three woodland ponds. We found that juvenile small-mouthed salamanders ( Ambystoma texanum (Matthes, 1855)), American toads ( Bufo americanus Holbrook, 1836), and wood frogs ( Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825) exhibited nonrandom orientation upon exiting the breeding ponds. Furthermore, we found a positive relationship between captures of juvenile small-mouthed salamanders and wood frogs and width of the surrounding forest habitat, indicating that these species are selecting areas with broader forested habitat upon exiting the breeding ponds. Our results indicate that migrating juvenile amphibians may rely on direct environmental cues because the orientation of small-mouthed salamanders and wood frogs was influenced by width of the surrounding forested habitat. These observations support previous studies suggesting that maintaining forest habitat, along at least a portion of breeding ponds, is important for the persistence of amphibian populations.

Acidity and associated water chemistry of amphibian habitats in Nova Scotia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Dale ◽  
B. Freedman ◽  
J. Kerekes
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Rana Clamitans ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Field Transplant

One hundred and fifty-nine field sites consisting of ditches, bogs, marshes, ponds, and lakes in south and central Nova Scotia were surveyed for the presence of the adults, eggs, or larvae of 11 amphibian species. Water samples were analyzed for pH, alkalinity, color, conductivity, Na, K, Mg, Ca, SO4, and Cl. Discriminant function analysis revealed that none of these variables predicted a species' presence. Two three-species groups were found to be significantly associated among themselves, but mutually exclusive of each other. The two groups were (i) Ambystoma maculatum, Hyla crucifer, and Rana sylvatica and (ii) Rana clamitans, Rana catesbeiana, and Rana palustris. Rana sylvatica and A. maculatum were observed breeding successfully in an acidic bog (mean pH 4.1). Rana clamitans adults and larvae were located in the field at pHs as low as 3.5 and 3.9, respectively. Field transplant studies, using eggs of A. maculatum and R. sylvatica (at pH 5.7 and 4.1) and Bufo americanus (at pH 6.3 and 4.1), revealed that R. sylvatica was least sensitive to acidity. There is considerable variation in acid tolerance among the various species of Nova Scotia amphibians. Nevertheless, successful breeding by some species is occurring at very low pHs.

Effects of pH and temperature on egg hatching success of the marine planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus

2017 ◽  
Vol 164 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Preziosi ◽  
Jeffrey A. Runge ◽  
John P. Christensen ◽  
Rebecca J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Planktonic Copepod ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Intraspecific variation in Hydrogen Ion and Aluminum Toxicity in Bufo americanus and Ambystoma maculatum

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1622-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Clark ◽  
Bruce D. LaZerte
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Perivitelline Space ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Bufo Americanus

Variation in hydrogen ion and aluminum toxicity was measured among clutches in one Bufo americanus population from a pond with pH 5.96 and both among clutches and ponds in four Ambystoma maculatum populations from ponds with pH levels from 4.44 to 6.19. There was significant variation among clutches, but in general, B. americanus hatching success was reduced at pH 4.1 compared with pH6.0. At pH 4.1,200 μg Al/L caused even greater embryonic mortality. Aluminum toxicity did not vary among clutches; however, variation in acid tolerance was such that clutches with the highest hatching success at pH 6.0 had the lowest hatching success at pH 4.1. Hatching success of A. maculatum also varied among clutches, but in general, hatching success was lower at pH 4.3 than at pH 6.0, and 200 μg Al/L at pH 4.3 increased hatching success compared with when no aluminum was present. Variation in acid tolerance among pond populations was so large that one population had higher hatching success at pH 4.3 than at pH 6.0. Ambystoma maculatum hatching success was not related to diameter of the perivitelline space just prior to hatch. The wide variation in acid tolerance among clutches of B. americanus and among populations of A. maculatum suggests that laboratory studies using small numbers of clutches may not adequately represent the response of the natural populations.

Patterns of larval amphibian distribution along a wetland hydroperiod gradient

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1539-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J Babbitt ◽  
Matthew J Baber ◽  
Tracy L Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Larval Amphibians ◽  
Pseudacris Crucifer ◽  
Wetland Hydroperiod ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

We investigated the response of pond-breeding amphibian assemblages to wetland hydroperiod and associated predator changes (invertebrates (abundance and richness) and fish (presence/absence)) in relatively undisturbed landscapes in southern New Hampshire, U.S.A. We sampled 42 wetlands for larval amphibians in 14 spatial blocks (each with a short-, intermediate-, and permanent-hydroperiod wetland) in 1998 and 1999. Assemblages in short-hydroperiod wetlands (<4 months) were depauperate (4 species only) compared with intermediate-hydroperiod (non-permanent but >4 months) and permanent wetlands, which included 7 and 9 species, respectively. Total amphibian abundance did not vary among hydroperiod categories. Species distributions along the hydrological gradient also differed. Rana sylvatica dominated wetlands with short and intermediate hydroperiods, whereas Rana catesbeiana, Bufo americanus, Rana clamitans, and Pseudacris crucifer dominated in those with a longer hydroperiod. Among permanent wetlands, amphibian species richness and abundance did not differ with respect to the presence of predatory fish, although there were species-compositional differences. Amphibian species richness and abundance were positively correlated with the abundance and richness of predatory invertebrates, suggesting that both amphibian and macroinvertebrate predator assemblages may be responding similarly to differences in wetland characteristics (e.g., dissolved oxygen concentration). Overall, our results indicate that wetland hydroperiod has an important influence on amphibian distribution and should be incorporated into regulations and legislation designed to protect biologically diverse isolated wetlands.

Laboratory observations on early development of the oncaeid copepod Triconia canadensis from the mesopelagic zone of the western subarctic Pacific

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Nishibe ◽  
Tsutomu Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Western Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Mesopelagic Zone ◽  
Life Cycle Strategy

Egg development time and hatching success were determined for the oncaeid copepod, Triconia canadensis, from the mesopelagic zone of the western subarctic Pacific. The egg development time was estimated to be 74.7–84.5 days at in situ temperature (3°C), which is much longer than those reported previously on the other oncaeid copepods even if the differences in experimental temperatures are taken into account. The egg hatching success varied between 50 and 100%, with a grand mean of 88%. The newly hatched nauplii of T. canadensis were elongate ellipsoid in shape, and had many large-sized lipid droplets in their body. Possible adaptive significance of apparent longer egg developmment time of T. canadensis is discussed in the light of their life cycle strategy.

scholarly journals Daya Tetas Telur dan Sintasan Larva Dari Hasil Penambahan Madu pada Bahan Pengencer Sperma Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus Ayer ◽  
Joppy Mudeng ◽  
Hengky Sinjal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of research was to determine the concentration of honey in sperm dilution  for improving hatching rate of egg and survival of nile tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus).The number of fish used was five pairs broodstock. Dilution substance was NaCl and honey.  Observations were conducted on spermatozoa motility, fertility and egg hatching rate. Experimental design used was complete randomized design. Sperm dilution substance was prepare by disolving honey  (0 mL; 0,60 mL; 0,65 mL dan 0,70 mL) in 100 mL; 99,40 mL; 99,35 mL and  99,30 mL NaCl respectively.  Each dilution was homogenized using aerator for 15 minutes. Fertilization was done 12 hours after ovulation.  Egg hatching rate was observed after ovulation. Research results showed the use of honey had significant effet on egg hatching rate, but not on larval survival.  Treatment D (0,70 mL honey in 99,30 mL NaCl) had the highest hatching rate (77.33%). Dilution ratio 1:60 was the best indicated by spermatozoa motility 96.66%, fertility 71.65, hatching rate 70% and larval survival 81.67%   Keywords : honey, egg hatching rate, larval survival, Oroechromnis niloticus

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