Meristic variation in a clone of the cyprinodont fish Rivulus marmoratus related to temperature history of the parents and of the embryos

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1444-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Swain ◽  
C. C. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The Self ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Vertebral Number ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Meristic Counts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meristic Variation

Parents from one clone of the self-fertilizing cyprinodont fish Rivulus marmoratus were held at 25 or 30 °C, and their offspring were subjected to either a sustained temperature of 25 or 30 °C or to a temperature break (abrupt transfer in either direction between 25 and 30 °C) at various developmental stages. Effects of parental temperature before fertilization on meristic counts of offspring were determined both by comparing offspring produced either soon or long after parents had been transferred to a new temperature, and also by examining meristic responses of developing embryos to temperature breaks. Both line of evidence indicate that a parental temperature of 30 °C produces fewer vertebrae (0.31), pectoral rays (0.54), and caudal rays (1.11) than does one of 25 °C, in offspring reared under comparable temperature regimes. Neither line provides clear evidence of an effect of parental temperature on number of anal or dorsal rays in offspring. Responses of all five meristic series to temperature breaks in either direction were extralimitary (beyond the counts produced by sustained incubation at either temperature) and were satisfactorily fitted by an "atroposic" model described previously. Embryos transferred to fresh water during development tended to have higher meristic counts than those with sustained rearing in brackish water, but counts among embryos transferred to fresh water at different developmental stages differed significantly only for caudal rays. Only dorsal ray numbers differed significantly among embryos retained within parents for different times after fertilization. Previous studies claiming uniquely high thermolability of vertebral number in R. marmoratus are re-evaluated; thermolability of vertebral number in R. marmoratus is concluded to be within the range reported for other species.

Influence of reproductive history of parents on meristic variation in offspring in the cyprinodont fish Rivulus marmoratus

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1456-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Swain ◽  
C. C. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive History ◽  
The Self ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meristic Variation

Parent fish from one clone of the self-fertilizing cyprinodont fish Rivulus marmoratus were held under constant conditions, and their offspring were examined for meristic variation associated with their position in the oviposition sequence of parents. In all meristic series counted (vertebrae, and anal, dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fin rays) those offspring produced soon after their parents had begun to lay eggs tended to have fewer parts than did those produced longer after the onset of oviposition. Most meristic differences were due to the low counts produced in embryos laid within 8 days of first oviposition; counts differed little among embryos laid at averages of 22, 86, and 158 days after first oviposition. Differences were most significant for dorsal and anal rays and not significant for caudal rays.

Extreme vertebral variation induced by temperature in a homozygous clone of the self-fertilizing cyprinodontid fish Rivulus marmoratus

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey ◽  
Robert W. Harrington Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
The Self ◽  
Selective Mortality ◽  
Genetic Uniformity ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Meristic Variation ◽  
Retinal Pigmentation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hatching Temperature

Embryos from one clone of Rivulus marmoratus were reared at various constant temperatures ranging from 19.5 to 31.2C, sustained throughout early development, or else were transferred from 26 to 20C after various periods of development. Resultant vertebral counts were progressively lower at higher sustained temperatures (ranging from 34.94 to 32.57). Vertebral differences expressed as a percentage of the total count were greater in this (7.0%) than in previously reported comparable experiments on 14 other fish species (4.1% or less). In most previous experiments meristic variation may have been due, at least in part, to selective mortality acting on a varied gene pool. In R. marmoratus the high degree of genetic uniformity eliminates the likelihood of selective mortality as a cause of vertebral variation, which must therefore have been environmentally induced. Pectoral ray counts also were lower at higher sustained temperatures; other meristic series did not show sharp responses. Temperature transfer experiments showed that vertebral counts are determined within 4 days at 26C (by first appearance of retinal pigmentation). Pectoral ray counts are not fully determined until about 8 days, shortly before hatching. Temperature breaks produced "shock effect" in pectoral rays but not in vertebrae. The bearing of homozygosity on amplitude of temperature-induced vertebral variation is discussed.

Temperature-induced meristic variation among three homozygous genotypes (clones) of the self-fertilizing fish Rivulus marmoratus

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1143-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Harrington Jr. ◽  
R. A. Crossman Jr.
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Meristic Variation

Embryos of clones DS, NA, and M were reared at sustained temperatures of 19, 25, and 31 °C. Diverse evidence indicates a closer genetic affinity between DS and NA than between either and M. DS and NA converged and M diverged regarding thermal responses of vertebrae, and anal and pelvic rays; DS and M converged and NA diverged regarding responses of pectoral, caudal, and dorsal rays. For vertebrae and pectoral rays, response curves were declivous; for caudal rays, inverted-V shaped; for anal rays, upright-V shaped (NA), inverted-V shaped (DS), declivous (M); for dorsal rays, declivous (NA), upright-V shaped (DS and M); for pelvic rays, subhorizontal (DS and NA), inverted-V shaped (M). The vertebral response curves of DS and NA diverged at 25 °C, converging at 19 and 31 °C. Caudal counts increased between 31 and 25 °C, caudal and precaudal, between 25 and 19 °C. Vertebral differences (as percentage of the midpoint count) exceeded any of previous experiments on species other than R. marmoratus. At 19 and 31 °C pelvic fins are often lacking, but never in outbreeding R. cylindraceus. Response curves except vertebral ones differed qualitatively between these species. Many kinds of variations, and proportions of phenotypic differences due to genotypic and environmental differences and their interactions are compared.

Walter Pater: Personality and Persons

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-250
Author(s):  
Stephen Cheeke
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reception ◽  
The Self ◽  
Walter Pater ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge Of Persons

This article argues for the centrality of notions of personality and persons in the work of Walter Pater and asks how this fits in with his critical reception. Pater's writing is grounded in ideas of personality and persons, of personification, of personal gods and personalised history, of contending voices, and of the possibility of an interior conversation with the logos. Artworks move us as personalities do in life; the principle epistemological analogy is with the knowledge of persons – indeed, ideas are only grasped through the form they take in the individuals in whom they are manifested. The conscience is outwardly embodied in other persons, but also experienced as a conversation with a person inhabiting the most intimate and sovereign dimension of the self. Even when personality is conceived as the walls of a prison-house, it remains a powerful force, able to modify others. This article explores the ways in which these questions are ultimately connected to the paradoxes of Pater's own person and personality, and to the matter of his ‘style’.

Review of early developmental stages of trilobites and agnostids from the Barrandian area (Czech Republic)

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Lukáš Laibl ◽  
Oldřich Fatka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barrandian Area ◽  
Early Developmental

This contribution briefly summarizes the history of research, modes of preservation and stratigraphic distribution of 51 trilobite and five agnostid taxa from the Barrandian area, for which the early developmental stages have been described.

scholarly journals The “Christology” of Bely the Anthroposophist: Andrei Bely, Rudolf Steiner, and the Apostle Paul

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Monika Spivak
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Apostle Paul ◽  
Rudolf Steiner ◽  
2 Corinthians ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on R. Steiner’s perception of the Gospels and the impact of that view on Bely’s works. The latter had always valued Steiner’s lectures on Christ and the Fifth Gospel, the “Anthroposophic” (relating to the philosophy of human genesis, existence, and outcome) Gospel, the knowledge of which had been received in a visionary way. In addition, Bely was an esoteric follower of Steiner and often quoted from Apostle Paul’s 2 Corinthians, “Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men”. The citation occurs in Bely’s philosophical works (The History of the Formation of the Self-Conscious Soul, “Crisis of Consciousness”), autobiographic prose (Reminiscences of Steiner), the essay “Why I Became a Symbolist…”, and letters (to Ivanov-Razumnik and Fedor Gladkov). Bely’s own anthroposophic and esoteric ideas relating to the gospel sayings are also examined. The aim of the research is to show through the example of one quotation the specifics of Bely the Anthroposophist’s perception of Christian texts in general. This provides a methodological meaning for understanding other Biblical quotations and images in the works of Bely because anthroposophical Christology is also the key to their deciphering.

scholarly journals “Industrious Revolution” Revisited: A Variety of Diligence Derived from a Long-Term Local History of Kuta in Kyô-Otagi, a Former County in Japan

Histories ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Satoshi Murayama ◽  
Hiroko Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Local History ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Original Theory ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
History Of

Jan de Vries revised Akira Hayami’s original theory of the “Industrious Revolution” to make the idea more applicable to early modern commercialization in Europe, showcasing the development of the rural proletariat and especially the consumer revolution and women’s emancipation on the way toward an “Industrial Revolution.” However, Japanese villages followed a different path from the Western trajectory of the “Industrious Revolution,” which is recognized as the first step to industrialization. This article will explore how a different form of “industriousness” developed in Japan, covering medieval, early modern, and modern times. It will first describe why the communal village system was established in Japan and how this unique institution, the self-reliance system of a village, affected commercialization and industrialization and was sustained until modern times. Then, the local history of Kuta Village in Kyô-Otagi, a former county located close to Kyoto, is considered over the long term, from medieval through modern times. Kuta was not directly affected by the siting of new industrial production bases and the changes brought to villages located nearer to Kyoto. A variety of diligent interactions with living spaces is introduced to demonstrate that the industriousness of local women was characterized by conscience-driven perseverance.

BIOLOGY OF TACHINAEPHAGUS ZEALANDICUS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), PARASITOID OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Olton ◽  
E. F. Legner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parasitoid Development

AbstractThe synonymy, distribution, host range, and life history of the gregarious larval–pupal parasitoid Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, is discussed. Laboratory studies of its biology were conducted at 25° ± 2 °C using Musca domestica L. as host. Its developmental stages are described. Under laboratory conditions its life cycle lasted 23–27 days. Parasitoid development accelerated with higher average densities per host. Single standardized hosts produced 3–18 adult parasitoids. Mated females provided with hosts lived 50.4–67.2 h. The average length of the reproductive period and number of hosts parasitized were independent of host density; however, the average number of eggs deposited per host increased at lower host densities. Adult emergence displayed circadian rhythmicity independent of photoperiod over 3+ days.

Exploring the boundaries of rhetoric

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Bonet
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Self ◽  
History Of Rhetoric ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
The Subject

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the boundaries of rhetoric have excluded important theoretical and practical subjects and how these subjects are recuperated and extended since the twentieth century. Its purpose is to foster the awareness on emerging new trends of rhetoric. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on an interpretation of the history of rhetoric and on the construction of a conceptual framework of the rhetoric of judgment, which is introduced in this paper. Findings – On the subject of the extension of rhetoric from public speeches to any kinds of persuasive situations, the paper emphasizes some stimulating relationships between the theory of communication and rhetoric. On the exclusion and recuperation of the subject of rhetorical arguments, it presents the changing relationships between rhetoric and dialectics and emphasizes the role of rhetoric in scientific research. On the introduction of rhetoric of judgment and meanings it creates a conceptual framework based on a re-examination of the concept of judgment and the phenomenological foundations of the interpretative methods of social sciences by Alfred Schutz, relating them to symbolic interactionism and theories of the self. Originality/value – The study on the changing boundaries of rhetoric and the introduction of the rhetoric of judgment offers a new view on the present theoretical and practical development of rhetoric, which opens new subjects of research and new fields of applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document