Penetasan telur penyu sisik (Eretmochelys imbricata) dengan kedalaman yang berbeda

This research was conducted from November 2018 until January 2019 which was held at the UPTD Conservation and Supervision of Marine Resources and Fisheries in West Sumatera, Pariaman City. The aim of the research is to know hatchling hawksbill sea turtle eggs based on nest depth. The method used in this study is a nonfactorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used were treatment A (with a depth of 30 cm incubation nest), treatment B (with a depth of incubation nest 40 cm), and Treatment C (with a depth of incubation nest 50 cm). The results of this study showed that hatching hawksbill eggs hatched very significantly, the best hatching percentage was in treatment A (30cm) with 78% hatching at 6:00 a.m. with hatching temperature range of 24-28oC, hatching pH of 6,6-6,8 and medium sized incubation sand with a size of 0.150 mm with a weight reaching 461 grams.Keywords: Hatching percentage, Hawksbill turtle, pH, Temperature

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENETAS TELUR AYAM OTOMATIS DENGAN PENGIRIMAN DATA VIA SMS GATEWAY BERBASIS ARDUINO NANO

In rural areas, free-range chickens are raised naturally, that is, the eggs are incubated by their parents directly so that the breeding of chickens is not optimal, because the native hens are only able to incubate a few eggs. Therefore an automatic chicken egg incubator is needed. Egg incubators that use automatic controllers in order to facilitate the hatching process, get maximum hatching results as expected and be able to find hatching information remotely by sending information via sms gateway. The hatching temperature is 37-380C and turning the eggs every 8 hours, starting from the eggs being put in the incubator until the eggs hatch. The data from the sensors will be processed in the diarduino and sent to the hatchery owner via SIM800L V.2 when the sound sensor detects the sound of the hatched egg. The information about the eggs that have been hatched comes from the sound sensor, even though the farmer is not in the hatchery. Experiments were carried out using 20 chicken eggs as a sample. The results of the successful hatching test were 4 chickens with a 20% success percentage, due to a power cut during the hatching process.

Variation in hatching responses of Nematodirus battus eggs to temperature experiences

Background Nematodirus battus, unlike most other gastrointestinal nematodes, undergoes maturation to an infective larva within the egg. Historically, eggs were considered to require a period of chilling over winter followed by a period of temperature above 10 °C for synchronous hatching to occur (generally in spring). Anecdotal reports of Nematodirus infection out-with spring in veterinary journals and the farming press suggest that the concentrated pasture abundance of N. battus infective larvae may be changing. In order for control practices to be adapted, and unexpected disease outbreaks to be avoided, it is important to quantify how parasite epidemiology is changing and research the drivers behind it. Method The present study investigated the in vitro hatching response to temperature experiences (with and without a period of chilling) for egg samples of 90 N. battus populations obtained from 73 commercial sheep farms. Six aliquots of larvated eggs were prepared per population, three aliquots were placed at 4 °C for 6 weeks to provide a chill stimulus then incubated at the optimal hatching temperature for the species. The remaining three aliquots of eggs were incubated at the hatching temperature without a prior chill stimulus and the number of hatched larvae was compared between treatments. Results Median hatch rate across all populations with chilling was 45% (95% CI: 42–48%) and without chilling was 4% (95% CI: 2–6%). Inter-population variation in hatching ranged from 0 to 87% of eggs able to hatch in the absence of a chill stimulus, mean non-chill hatching was 13 ± 2% of eggs (mean ± SE). Non-chill hatching rates were greater than chilled hatching rates in seven of the 90 populations tested. Conclusions Clearly, the variation in hatching responses to temperature experience is very large and therefore the seasonality of the parasite may vary not only between regions but also at farm level. In contrast to what previous work has suggested, there was a geographical trend towards higher non-chill hatching in the Northern parts of the UK.

Motility of Fasciola hepatica miracidia assessed with a computer-assisted sperm analyser

The motility parameters of Fasciola hepatica miracidia were assessed at different temperatures and times post-hatching using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Eggs were incubated at 22°C or 25°C for 14 days. Five motion parameters were evaluated at different incubation temperatures up to 10 h post-hatching. No differences were observed in the percentage that hatched after incubation at the two different temperatures. However, the straight-line velocity of miracidia following incubation at 22°C was significantly different from that observed at 25°C (P< 0.01). All miracidium motion parameters at different post-hatching temperatures showed an overall decrease at the end of the experiment. Those miracidia hatching from eggs incubated at 25°C had a higher velocity of 1673.3 μm/s compared with 1553.3 μm/s at 22°C. Velocity parameters increased as the post-hatching temperature increased from 22°C to 37°C.

Prediction of Egg Development Times of Freshwater Copepods

Available literature data on the relationship between freshwater copepod egg development time and temperature were summarized and fitted where possible to Bělehrádek's temperature function[Formula: see text]where D is development time, T is temperature, a, b, and α are fitted constants. In the calanoids, and to a lesser extent cyclopoids, a and α were predictably related as were α and in situ egg hatching temperature (TH) when b was assumed to be constant for all copepods. This information was used to describe a simple procedure whereby a curve relating egg development and temperature could be constructed by only knowing TH and applying it to Bělehrádek's temperature function. Key words: Calanoidea, Cyclopoidea, zooplankton, temperature, production assessment

THE DEVELOPMENT AND HABITS OF LINSLEYA SPHAERICOLLIS (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE),

Linsleya sphaericollis (Say) adults have been seen in various parts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta from mid-June to mid-August, and will feed on western snowberry, Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hooker, species of wild and cultivated honeysuckle, Lonicera spp., common lilac, Syringia vulgaris L., and green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Field-collected adults lived for up to 8 weeks in captivity and laid on the average nearly one batch of eggs per female, with each batch containing an average of 50–51 eggs. The eggs were killed if exposed to temperatures of 0–10°C for 3 weeks, but endured these temperatures for a week. Embryonic development was slow, hatching was unusually irregular, and the best hatching temperature was 25°C. The incubation period was about 50% longer at 20°C, and hatching was inhibited at 15° and 30°C. The first instar larvae lived for up to 7 weeks without food. Some of the larvae fed on the eggs of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) and M. bivittatus (Say), but the response was poor; they did not feed on ant larvae and pupae, or on the larvae of wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). The data indicate that there are five vorant larval instars, that the typical meloid hypnothecal and non-vorant larval instars are omitted, that this insect overwinters as a fifth instar larva, that the natural food of the larvae is grasshopper eggs, and that the genus Linsleya should be included in the subtribe Epicautina.

Egg Diapause in Ephippiger Cruciger (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): II. The Intensity and Elimination of the Final Egg Diapause

Unlike the initial diapause in Ephippiger crudger, the late embryonic diapause occurs in every egg in natural environmental conditions. It is eliminated by one relatively prolonged period of cooling and the proportion of eggs completing diapause development increases with increased cooling time. Diapause is most effectively eliminated through the range of 4–12°C over a period of 3-4 months. The optimal hatching temperature is lower than the optimal pre-diapause developmental temperature. There is evidence to show that although diapause development and post-diapause development can both proceed at some temperatures, a period of more intense cooling accelerates the processes. The intensity of diapause is not affected by the duration of exposure to high temperature prior to cooling. A comparison between the initial diapause and the second diapause is presented which suggests that the two types of diapause are alternative solutions to the same environmental problem.

Extreme vertebral variation induced by temperature in a homozygous clone of the self-fertilizing cyprinodontid fish Rivulus marmoratus

Embryos from one clone of Rivulus marmoratus were reared at various constant temperatures ranging from 19.5 to 31.2C, sustained throughout early development, or else were transferred from 26 to 20C after various periods of development. Resultant vertebral counts were progressively lower at higher sustained temperatures (ranging from 34.94 to 32.57). Vertebral differences expressed as a percentage of the total count were greater in this (7.0%) than in previously reported comparable experiments on 14 other fish species (4.1% or less). In most previous experiments meristic variation may have been due, at least in part, to selective mortality acting on a varied gene pool. In R. marmoratus the high degree of genetic uniformity eliminates the likelihood of selective mortality as a cause of vertebral variation, which must therefore have been environmentally induced. Pectoral ray counts also were lower at higher sustained temperatures; other meristic series did not show sharp responses. Temperature transfer experiments showed that vertebral counts are determined within 4 days at 26C (by first appearance of retinal pigmentation). Pectoral ray counts are not fully determined until about 8 days, shortly before hatching. Temperature breaks produced "shock effect" in pectoral rays but not in vertebrae. The bearing of homozygosity on amplitude of temperature-induced vertebral variation is discussed.