Developmental stability and heterozygosity in chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) salmon

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1823-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Beacham ◽  
R. E. Withler
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Fin Length

We compared developmental stability as measured by fluctuating asymmetry within individual adults for gill raker and branchiostegal ray number and pectoral and pelvic fin length for three populations of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and one of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). There was no association between individual heterozygosity calculated at 10 electrophoretic loci for chum salmon and 13 loci for pink salmon and magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry for the four morphological characters examined. More heterozygous individuals were not less asymmetrical, and thus our results provide no evidence to suggest that increased heterozygosity results in an increased canalization of morphology during development and growth.

Effects of salmon on the diet and condition of stream-resident sculpins

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel R. Swain ◽  
Morgan D. Hocking ◽  
Jennifer N. Harding ◽  
John D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Stable Isotope Signatures ◽  
The Individual

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) can subsidize freshwater food webs with marine-derived nutrients from their eggs, juveniles, and carcasses. However, trophic interactions between spawning salmon and freshwater fish across natural gradients in salmon subsidies remain unclear. We tested how salmon affected the diets and condition of two dominant freshwater consumers — prickly and coastrange sculpins (Cottus asper and Cottus aleuticus, respectively) — across a wide gradient of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) biomass from 33 streams in the Great Bear Rainforest of British Columbia, Canada. Sculpin diets shifted from invertebrates and juvenile salmonids to salmon eggs when salmon arrived in autumn, with salmon-derived nutrient contributions to diets and sculpin condition increasing with increasing biomass of spawning salmon among streams. Season, habitat, and individual sculpin body size and species also mediated the effects of salmon on sculpin diet as inferred from their carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures. This study shows the timing and pathways by which spawning salmon influence the diets and condition of freshwater consumers, and some of the individual and environmental factors that can regulate uptake of salmon nutrients in streams, thus informing ecosystem-based management.

Supplementary Checks on the Scales of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Chum Salmon (O. keta)

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1477-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Bilton ◽  
W. E. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Similar Incidence

Among 159 central British Columbia pink salmon that had been marked by removal of two fins as fry and had been recovered in commercial fisheries after one winter in the sea, the scales of about one-third showed a supplementary or "false" check near the centre of the scale, in addition to the single clear-cut annulus. This evidence from fish of known age confirms the prevailing opinion that such extra checks do not represent annuli, hence that the fish bearing them are in their second year of life rather than their third. Unmarked pink salmon from the same area, and some from southern British Columbia, had a generally similar incidence of supplementary checks. In both marked and unmarked fish the supplementary checks varied in distinctness from faint to quite clear. In a sample of scales of 14 double-fin marked chum salmon which were known to be in their 4th year, all fish had the expected 3 annuli, and 12 fish had a supplementary check inside the first annulus.

Genetic Effect on the Dynamics of a Model of Pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Chum (O. keta) Salmon

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1446-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Smoker
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Genetic Mechanism ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Maturation Age

Different stock dynamics result from genetic and nongenetic mechanisms of determination of maturation age of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in a model of interacting pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum salmon stocks. When the model is disturbed from equilibrium by low survival in one pink salmon line, the genetic mechanism (high heritability of maturation age) leads to biennial cycles of numbers of even-aged chums and of numbers of pinks, similar to observed cycles. The nongenetic mechanism (zero heritability of maturation age) results in a new equlibrium at which neither stock cycles. When one pink salmon line is completely removed the genetic mechanism leads to biennial cycles of abundance of even-aged chums; the nongenetic mechanism does not lead to such cycles. These effects persist at intermediate values of heritability of maturation age and in spite of stochastic variability. The model is an adaptation of the Ricker curve to two interacting stocks, the recruitment for each depending on the density of both.

scholarly journals Response of the Sea Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis Infestation Levels on Juvenile Wild Pink, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, and Chum, O. keta, Salmon to Arrival of Parasitized Wild Adult Pink Salmon

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Alexandra Morton ◽  
Rob Williams
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Louse Infestation ◽  
Age Cohorts

Recent recurring infestations of Sea Lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, on juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and subsequent annual declines of these stocks have made it imperative to identify the source of Sea Lice. While several studies now identify farm salmon populations as sources of Sea Louse larvae, it is unclear to what extent wild salmonid hosts also contribute Sea Lice. We measured Sea Louse numbers on adult Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) migrating inshore. We also measured Sea Louse numbers on wild juvenile Pink and Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrating to sea before the adults returned, and as the two age cohorts mingled. Adult Pink Salmon carried an average of 9.89 (SE 0.90) gravid lice per fish, and thus were capable of infecting the adjacent juveniles. Salinity and temperature remained favourable to Sea Louse reproduction throughout the study. However, all accepted measures of Sea Louse infestation failed to show significant increase on the juvenile salmon, either in overall abundance of Sea Lice or of the initial infective-stage juvenile lice, while the adult wild salmon were present in the study area. This study suggests that even during periods of peak interaction, wild adult salmon are not the primary source of the recent and unprecedented infestations of Sea Lice on juvenile Pacific Pink and Chum salmon in the inshore waters of British Columbia.

Identification of the sex chromosome pair in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Phillips ◽  
J. DeKoning ◽  
M.R. Morasch ◽  
L.K. Park ◽  
R.H. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta

Meristic and morphometric variation in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in southern British Columbia and Puget Sound

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Gill Raker

Variation in the number of gill rakers and four morphometric characters was examined for 4 stocks from the even-year brood line and 20 stocks from the odd-year brood line of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in southern British Columbia and Puget Sound. Significant differences in gill-raker frequencies were observed among stocks within each brood line, but differences were greater between the brood lines than within each brood line. Sizes of the morphometric characters standardized to a body length of 419 mm were also variable among stocks within a brood line, but stocks spawning in rivers in the same region in alternate years were more similar morphometrically than to those spawning in different regions. It is suggested that patterns of meristic and morphometric variability are reflective of genetic differences, with meristic variability illustrating the genetic differences between the brood lines, and morphometric variability reflecting adaptation to local water velocity conditions in the streams the stocks return to during spawning.

scholarly journals Hematological analysis of hatchery-reared and wild juveniles of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in Sakhalin Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-711
Author(s):  
O. V. Zelennikov ◽  
T. A. Schneider ◽  
M. Yu. Stekolshchikova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
The State ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Hematological Analysis

State of blood cells is examined for juveniles of pink and chum salmon sampled from Lesnoy Pugachevsky, Taranaisky and Okhotsky hatcheries in Sakhalin in May-June of 2018 and 2019 and caught in the Ochepukha, Pugachevka and Taranay Rivers during their catadromous migration to the sea. Both hatchery and wild juveniles of both species were characterized by high adaptive capabilities evidenced with high content of young forms of erythrocytes in the blood (17.0–31.0 %), significant portion of lymphocytes (60.8–92.0 %), and small number of neutrophils. The high adaptive capabilities were confirmed in the experiment, when juveniles of pink salmon were placed in the seawater without preliminary acclimation, but noticeable changes in the state of blood cells were not revealed both for wild and hatchery-reared specimens. Proportion of different blood cells was highly variable for juveniles of both artificial and natural origin but was more similar between the fry hatched at the same hatcheries or in the same rivers. A case of increased number of neutrophils was noted in 2019 for certain groups of juveniles, with total increasing of platelets in the blood that was explained by an external influence on the juveniles.

Results for Three Generations from Transfers of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Spawn to the Qualicum River in 1963 and 1964

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Walker ◽  
D. B. Lister
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Bear River

Transfers of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) eggs were made to the Qualicum River in two years, utilizing 5.79 million eggs from Cheakamus River stock in 1963 and 6.85 million eggs from Bear River stock in 1964. Adult returns to the Qualicum River were 100 spawners in 1965, 1967, and 1969; 11,940 in 1966; 3000 in 1968; and 300 in 1970. Differences between the odd- and even-year plants were noted in times of egg-take (equivalent to time of spawning of donor stock), incubation, and fry emigration, lengths of emigrating fry, possibility of losses through predation by herring on estuarine fry, and direction of orientation to the recipient (Qualicum River) stream. Pronounced differences between donor stock in rate of return are thought to be primarily related to differences in spawning times and stream temperature. The decrease in numbers of adults in the even-year generation may have been due to lower freshwater survival during incubation as a result of suspected superimposition of chum salmon on the earlier deposited pink salmon eggs; the loss was estimated to be in the order of 46%.

Detection and identification of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense plerocercoids from wild Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Suzuki ◽  
R. Murata ◽  
K. Sadamasu ◽  
J. Araki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Oncorhynchus Masou ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Detection And Identification

AbstractWe investigated the risk of diphyllobothriasis from ingestion of wild Pacific salmon in Japan by surveying Diphyllobothrium plerocercoids in 182 salmon samples obtained from Japan. The plerocercoids were not detected in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) (0/26), called Akizake in Japan, caught between September and November. However, the detection rate of plerocercoids in chum salmon, called Tokishirazu in Japan, caught between early April and June, was 51.1% (24/47) with an average of two plerocercoid larvae per fish. The detection rates of cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) were 12.2% (10/82) and 18.5% (5/27), respectively, and the average number of plerocercoids per fish was 0.45 (37 larvae/82 fishes) and 0.22 larvae (6 larvae/27 fishes), respectively. Plerocercoids isolated from O. keta and O. masou were identified as Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense on the basis of molecular analysis of the cox1 and nad3 genes. Moreover, four tapeworms (three from O. keta and one from O. masou) were obtained by infecting golden hamsters with plerocercoids. The morphological features of these tapeworms were similar to those of D. nihonkaiense isolated from humans. Therefore, we think that O. keta and not O. masou is the most important source of plerocercoid infections in Japan.

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