Indiana roselyneae n.sp. (Oxyurida; Nematoda) from Madagascan Gryllotalpoidea (Orthoptera; Insecta) with comments on the structure of the cephalic extremity of Indiana

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2755-2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. Adamson ◽  
Daniel van Waerebeke
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Region ◽  
Oral Opening ◽  
Cephalic Extremity ◽  
Six Elements ◽  
Anterior Circle

Indiana roselyneae n.sp. is proposed for an oxyuridan from Madagascan Gryllotalpoidea studied and referred to Indiana gryllotalpae Chakravarty, 1943 by Bain (Bain, O. 1985. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 40:659–676). This species is most similar to Indiana coimbatoriensis Latheef and Seshadri, 1972 in that spines in the lateral region are markedly larger than adjacent spines. It differs from this latter species by the following: enlarged spines form two rather than three longitudinal rows; the cephalic umbraculum does not extend beyond the isthmus; and the vulva is located more posteriorly on the body. The cephalic umbraculum in Indiana consists of two circles of six elements each: an anterior circle arising from lip-like structures surrounding the oral opening consisting of one dorsal, one ventral, and four sublateral elements, and a posterior circle consisting of two subventral, two subdorsal, and two lateral elements.

scholarly journals The Permo-Carboniferous genus Sagenodus and the beginning of modern lungfish

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-P. Schultze ◽  
J. Chorn
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Red Beds ◽  
Faunal Assemblage ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Sensory Canal ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Six Elements ◽  
Median Fins

The lungfish Sagenodus is a widespread Permo-Carboniferous genus found in Europe and North America. Important localities in the U.S.A. include Middle Pennsylvanian coals near Linton, Ohio, Upper Pennsylvanian deposits near Robinson and Hamilton, Kansas, and Peoria, Illinois; Lower Permian sediments near Cameron, Ohio; and Lower Permian “Red Beds” of Texas and Oklahoma. At least three species of Sagenodus were present in North America S. copeanus, S. periprion, S. serratus). S. ohiensis is represented solely by one skull. Knowledge of the osteology of Sagenodus is enhanced by the study of well-preserved but disassociated elements from Robinson, Kansas (S. copeanus) and Little Bitter Creek, Texas (S. serratus). The orbital series is now known to be comprised of six elements and the sensory canal system is more complex than previously realized. The only known articulated skeleton of this genus, from Hamilton Quarry, Kansas, permits a restoration of the entire animal including the median fins. The dorsal and anal fins are not separate; there is instead, a continuous fin around the caudal end of the body, as found in other post-Devonian lungfishes. Sagenodus is structurally intermediate between more primitive Devonian dipnoans and post-Paleozoic lungfishes. Evident trends can be seen in the reduction of bone (both number of bones and degree of ossification), the loss of cosmine, the nature of the scales, the structure and histology of tooth plates, and the configuration of the median fins. Sagenodus is a member of a euryhaline faunal assemblage that can be found from shallow marine to freshwater deposits.

Morphology and taxonomy of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from reptiles and amphibians of southern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Cleavage Stage ◽  
Early Cleavage ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Oral Opening ◽  
Posterior Quarter

Rhabdias americanus n.sp., Rhabdias ranae Walton, 1929, Rhabdias fuscovenosa (Railliet, 1899), and Rhabdias eustreptos (MacCallum, 1921) from amphibians and reptiles of southern Ontario are described. Rhabdias americanus n.sp. and R. ranae have two large lateral pseudolabia beside the oral opening whereas R. fuscovenosa and R. eustreptos each have six lips arranged in lateral groups of three. Rhabdias americanus n.sp. is distinguished from R. ranae by the shape of the pseudolabia and by the presence of a cuticular ring on the posterior border of the buccal cavity which is absent in the buccal cavity of R. ranae. Rhabdias fuscovenosa is distinguished from R. eustreptos by its significantly smaller size and by the shape of the posterior quarter of the body which is straight in R. fuscovenosa and corkscrew shaped in R. eustreptos. Rhabdias fuscovenosa is the only species examined in which eggs in the uteri of gravid hermaphrodites were always at an early cleavage stage of development. In other species examined most eggs in the uteri contained first-stage larvae.

On Microstrongylus genetiæ gen. and sp. nov., a Trichostrongyle Parasite of Genetta senegalensis

1927 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. M. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zoological Society ◽  
Granular Inclusion ◽  
Cephalic Extremity

A Considerable number of specimens of this parasite were collected from the small intestine of a genette which died in the Gardens of the Zoological Society of London.The cuticle of the cephalic extremity is dilated anteriorly. This swelling is terminated posteriorly by the cuticle incurving to meet a raised ring on the body-wall, about the level of the junction of the anterior and second fifths of the œsophagus. There are no cervical papillæ present, and it is probable that this ring may be regarded as replacing them. Just anterior to the middle of the œsophageal region and at the level of the excretory pore is a cervical groove which completely encircles the body. Laterally the cuticle on the anterior margin is thickened; it is also thickened on the ventral side, but less so than laterally. These thickenings are reinforced by a granular inclusion in the cuticle. The posterior margin is thickened only in the region of the excretory pore.

Rhabdias mcguirei sp. nov. (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the flying lizard, Draco spilopterus (Squamata, Agamidae) of the northern Philippines

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasyl Tkach ◽  
Yuriy Kuzmin ◽  
Rafe Brown
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Oral Opening

AbstractRhabdias mcguirei sp. nov., is described on the basis of specimens found in the lungs of northern Philippine flying lizards, Draco spilopterus (Reptilia, Agamidae) collected in Aurora province, Luzon Island, Philippines. It is characterized by a rounded oral opening, a buccal capsule consisting of anterior and posterior parts, and the shape of the cuticular inflation in the anterior part of the body: the cuticle is less inflated in the anterior-most part, with the inflation gradually thickening up to the level of the oesophageal-intestinal junction. The new species is differentiated from the 11 most closely related species of Rhabdias previously known from lizards.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Wiktor Djaczenko ◽  
Carmen Calenda Cimmino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

Flagellar Attachment in Selected Trypanosomes

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
J. J. Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flagellar Pocket ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
Free Flagellum ◽  
Flagellar Axoneme

Movement in epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of trypanosomes is accomplished by planar sinusoidal beating of the anteriorly directed flagellum and associated undulating membrane. The flagellum emerges from a bottle-shaped depression, the flagellar pocket, opening on the lateral surface of the cell. The limiting cell membrane envelopes not only the body of the trypanosome but is continuous with and insheathes the flagellar axoneme forming the undulating membrane. In some species a paraxial rod parallels the axoneme from its point of emergence at the flagellar pocket and is an integral component of the undulating membrane. A portion of the flagellum may extend beyond the anterior apex of the cell as a free flagellum; the length is variable in different species of trypanosomes.

Otoconia formation in the chick embryo

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
C.D. Fermin ◽  
M. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Basic Fuchsin ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Transmission Electron

Otoconia are microscopic geometric structures that cover the sensory epithelia of the utricle and saccule (gravitational receptors) of mammals, and the lagena macula of birds. The importance of otoconia for maintanance of the body balance is evidenced by the abnormal behavior of species with genetic defects of otolith. Although a few reports have dealt with otoconia formation, some basic questions remain unanswered. The chick embryo is desirable for studying otoconial formation because its inner ear structures are easily accessible, and its gestational period is short (21 days of incubation).The results described here are part of an intensive study intended to examine the morphogenesis of the otoconia in the chick embryo (Gallus- domesticus) inner ear. We used chick embryos from the 4th day of incubation until hatching, and examined the specimens with light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The embryos were decapitated, and fixed by immersion with 3% cold glutaraldehyde. The ears and their parts were dissected out under the microscope; no decalcification was used. For LM, the ears were embedded in JB-4 plastic, cut serially at 5 micra and stained with 0.2% toluidine blue and 0.1% basic fuchsin in 25% alcohol.

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