Cranial lesions possibly associated with Skrjabingylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) infections in martens, fishers, and otters

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2155-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Addison ◽  
M. A. Strickland ◽  
A. B. Stephenson ◽  
J. Hoeve
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Lutra Canadensis

Skulls of 631 martens (Martes americana), 810 fishers (Martes pennanti), and 373 otters (Lutra canadensis) collected throughout Ontario were examined for frontal bone lesions possibly induced by sinus nematodes of the genus Skrjabingylus. No lesions were found in marten skulls. Lesions were present in 13.4% of otter skulls and their distribution was similar between sexes and among age-groups. Among fishers, 11.6% of skulls exhibited lesions. Frequency of lesions tended to increase with age, and adult male fishers had fewer than adult females. Lesions were characterized by discolouration, swelling, and perforation of frontal bones in descending order of frequency. Lesions were largely confined to the pars temporalis of the frontal bones with a small number also found on the pars frontalis.

Significance of wounding to female reproductive success in Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) at Laysan Island

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Hiruki ◽  
Ian Stirling ◽  
William G. Gilmartin ◽  
Thea C. Johanos ◽  
Brenda L. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Monachus Schauinslandi ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Pup Survival ◽  
Monk Seals

We studied reproductive rate, length of lactation period, pup survival, and mortality of injured and uninjured female Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) on Laysan Island, northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in 1983 – 1989. The severity and timing of nonfatal injuries were influential in determining their effect on female reproductive success. There was a tendency towards a shorter mean lactation period and lower survival rate of pups for females with major injuries than for uninjured females. Females with minor injuries were similar to uninjured females in terms of reproductive rate, length of lactation, and pup survival. For females injured shortly before the birth of their pup or during lactation, pup survival was lower than for uninjured females, whereas for females injured during the year prior to pupping, measures of reproductive success were not significantly different from those for uninjured females. Immature (aged 4 – 8 years) females entering the reproductive population were injured by adult male seals significantly more often than females aged 0 – 3 years, but at a similar rate to adult females. The major effect of injuries on female reproductive success is an increase in female mortality: 87.5 % of the adult females (n = 16) that died on Laysan Island in 1983 – 1989 sustained injuries from adult male seals.

Fusion of the distal femoral epiphysis in male and female marten and fisher

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1514-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Dagg ◽  
D. Leach ◽  
G. Sumner-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Good Method ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distal Femoral Epiphysis

The distal femoral epiphyses of 142 marten (Martes americana) and 391 fisher (Martes pennanti), all trapped from November to February in the Algonquin region of Ontario, were radiographed to determine their state of fusion and the presence or absence of scar lines. These criteria indicated that on the average fusion occurred first in female marten, then in male marten, female fisher, and finally in male fisher. Thus the time of fusion in these mustelids was a function of size and possibly also of sex. Radiography of the femur of winter-trapped marten and fisher is not a good method of aging these species because the degree of fusion does not necessarily differentiate juveniles from adults.

Sexual dimorphism in Upper Palaeolithic hand stencils

Antiquity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (308) ◽  
pp. 390-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Roles ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Palaeolithic Art ◽  
Cave Art

Sexual roles in deep prehistory are among the most intriguing puzzles still to solve. Here the author shows how men and women can be distinguished by scientific measurement in the prints and stencils of the human hand that occur widely in Upper Palaeolithic art. Six hand stencils from four French caves are attributed to four adult females, an adult male, and a sub-adult male. Here we take a step closer to showing that both sexes are engaged in cave art and whatever dreams and rituals it implies.

Description of a new species of the genus Paraedes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Assam, India

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4691 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
R. NATARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Paraedes jambulingami, is described from Assam, northeastern India. The adult male and female are described in detail and an illustration of the male is provided. This species is easily distinguished from all known species of the genus Paraedes by the presence of broad silvery or golden scales on the paratergite and the outer arm of the basal mesal lobe of the male genitalia bearing a long, flattened blade-like seta. Dichotomous keys are provided for the identification of the adult females and males of the five species of the genus that are known to occur in India. 

Seasonal changes in Pelage of Miniopterus schreibersi blepotis (Chiroptera) in north-eastern NSW.

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

In M. s. blepotis, of north-eastern New South Wales, the annual moult occurs during the summer and early autumn and lasts about 14.5 weeks. Yearlings having their first moult usually initiate this some 3 weeks after the adults commence. In many adult females the moult is inhibited during lactation and again during the winter so that some individuals may be found moulting in all months of the year. The importance of considering annual pelage characters when using colour taxonomically in bats is emphasized, and possible relationships between moult and reproductive cycles are indicated. In addition the use of pelage characteristics, in conjunction with reproductive criteria as a means of recognizing age groups of M. s. blepotis, is discussed.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE TAXONOMY OF METASTRONGYLES (NEMATODA: METASTRONGYLOIDEA) OF MUSTELIDAE IN ONTARIO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Stage Larva ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Caudal Extremity ◽  
Lutra Canadensis

Trilobostrongylus bioccai n.gen., n.sp. from cysts on the lungs of Martes pennanti pennanti (Erxleben) from Algonquin Park is distinct from other members of the Angiostrongylinae primarily on the basis of its large, trilobed bursa. In addition, the dorsal ray is long and well developed, the spicules are long and slender, the externolateral rays are large, the caudal extremity of the female is pointed, and the species is ovoviviparous. Larvae developed in Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb), Zonitoides arboreus (Say), Deroceras gracile (Rafinesque), and Physa integra Haldeman. Filaroides canadensis n.sp. from small nodules in the lungs of Lutra canadensis canadensis (Schreber) from Algonquin Park is distinguished from F. martis by its much shorter spicules, its weakly developed gubernaculum, and its longer and more slender first-stage larva which failed to develop in Physa integra. Perostrongylus Schlegel 1934 is reinstated and redefined to include ovoviviparous species, namely P. falciformis (Schlegel, 1933) Schlegel, 1934, and P. pridhami (Anderson, 1962) n.comb., which were formerly assigned to Aelurostrongylus.

The forelimb musculature of marten (Martes americana Turton) and fisher (Martes pennanti Erxleben)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Leach
Keyword(s):  
Martes Americana ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Secondary Function ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles

Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the forelimbs of 25 adult fisher and 25 adult marten were described and compared and the importance of these muscles in arboreal locomotion was discussed. The forelimb myology of these two mustelids is structurally similar. The muscles of the forelimb synsarcosis and the muscles that flex the shoulder and elbow joints are particularly well developed. The existence of a strongly developed forelimb musculature needed for cursorial locomotion in marten and fisher apparently potentiates a secondary function in arboreal locomotion.

The descriptive and comparative postcranial osteology of marten (Martes americana Turton) and fisher (Martes pennanti Erxleben): the appendicular skeleton

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Leach
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Males And Females

The morphological characteristics of the appendicular skeleton of 26 adult fisher and 55 adult marten were studied to determine those characteristics that could be used to distinguish between species and sexes. Measurements and illustrations were used to supplement the descriptions of most bones. The appendicular skeletons of marten and fisher are similar in structure but it is possible to distinguish between the skeletal elements of these mustelids using morphometric data. Distinction can also be made between certain postcranial skeletal remains of males and females within each species using bone measurements.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE OF THE H-Y ANTIGEN IN MICE WITH NEONATAL SKIN GRAFTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willys K. Silvers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Skin Graft ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Skin Grafts ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Neonatal Skin ◽  
Male Skin

In contrast to the uniform rejection of adult male skin isografts by C57BL/6 females, neonatal male skin isografts are frequently accepted. Moreover, 50% of all females which accept a neonatal male skin graft for 50 days accept a subsequent adult male skin graft as well. This ability of neonatal skin to produce tolerance has been investigated under a variety of experimental conditions. The results indicate: (a) Even when a newborn male skin graft is transplanted concomitantly with an adult graft, it can produce tolerance of the latter although it is less effective in this regard than when transplanted beforehand. (b) The continued exposure of the host to the newborn graft is vitally important in maintaining the unresponsive state; and most females deprived of these grafts for 50 days manifest an immune response when challenged with adult male skin. (c) Newborn male skin isografts raised on adult females are not as antigenic as normal male skin grafts. (d) Occasionally, even a presensitized female can be rendered tolerant by grafting with neonatal male skin. (e) Neonatal male skin grafts are not accepted when transplanted to the spleens of adult females although they may occasionally induce tolerance of a subsequent orthotopic adult male skin graft. The failure of these intrasplenic grafts to survive can be attributed at least partly to their small size since orthotopic grafts of comparable size usually do not survive. (f) Females bearing neonatal male skin grafts are not perceptible cellular chimeras. Because the unresponsive condition induced with neonatal skin is similar to that which results from multiparity, this latter condition has also received attention. In this regard it has been established that unlike the removal of a neonatal male skin isograft, the delayed grafting of isolated females with a previous history of multiparity does not result in many of them manifesting what may be considered an immune response. However, this delay in grafting does seem to impair the tolerance multiparity produces. The results are discussed in relation to other methods of producing tolerance in adult animals.

scholarly journals Variation in tissue carnitine concentrations with age and sex in the rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy R. Borum
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Carnitine Metabolism ◽  
Carnitine Concentration

Diabetes, starvation and various hormonal treatments are known to alter drastically carnitine concentrations in the body. Before the mechanisms controlling carnitine metabolism could be determined, it was necessary to establish normal carnitine concentrations in both sexes at different ages. Carnitine was assayed in plasma, liver, heart and skeletal muscle of rats from birth to weaning. The plasma carnitine increased rapidly during the first 2 days after birth. Carnitine in both heart and skeletal muscle increased, whereas liver concentrations declined during the first week of life. A carnitine-free diet containing sufficient precursors for carnitine biosynthesis was fed to weanling rats. Groups of ten male and ten female rats were killed each week for 10 consecutive weeks. Carnitine was determined in plasma, liver, heart, skeletal muscle, urine and epididymis in the male. There was no difference in carnitine concentrations between the sexes at weaning. Plasma, heart and muscle concentrations were higher in adult male rats than in adult females. However, liver carnitine and urinary carnitine concentrations were higher in adult female than in adult male rats. The epididymal carnitine concentration increased very rapidly during 50 to 70 days of age and the differences in carnitine concentrations between the sexes also became apparent during this time. Thus both the age and the sex of the human subject or experimental animal must be considered when investigating carnitine metabolism.

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