The phenomenon of secondary nomination in the term system of fashion and beauty

The factors of formation and tendencies of secondary nominations` existence are considered in the article on the material of the terms of fashion and beauty in the modern Ukrainian language. It has been found that the secondary nomination is based on the associative nature of human thinking. The words reflect the processes of living contemplation of the human environment, there is a semantic rethinking of known names and their gradual codification. The formation and creation of a new concept or a new perception of the subject is carried out on the basis of existing language material. The phenomenon of secondary nomination is also inherent in the term systems. A feature of modern terminology is the desire of professionals to «build» motivated terms with predictable semantics. Information about a fragment of reality, the real, objective world enters the term system indirectly as a flow of information. Terms of broad semantics are words used in many term systems, which, in contrast to general scientific and general technical terms, change semantics depending on the term system and retain only the general, non-terminological meaning. Therefore, they can not always be included in the terms, at the same time without them it is impossible to build a terminological system as a language entity. The development of fashion requires categorizing words for certain concepts and objects belonging to this field. It is established that the terminosphere of fashion and beauty is actively replenished due to borrowings, semantic innovations, transition of terms from one terminological system to another, by transtermination. Particular attention is paid to the development of ambiguity and homonymy, which is primarily due to the migration of tokens from one functional style to another. In this way there is a formation / increase of special meanings of words. Under the condition of complete changes, the meaning that is the starting point of evolution disappears, and the word is fixed in the secondary function. Partial changes involve stabilization of the derived shade, which does not weaken the viability of the original content; usually there is a period of coexistence of meanings and thus the word becomes ambiguous. In the field of fashion industry, metaphorical transfers of meaning based on the principle of analogy are quite common. The more components of meaning coincide with the term concept, the greater probability of the word to become a verbal expression of this concept (in the case of associative-semantic metaphor). It was found that the variability of the semantic potential of the word is only one of the expressive illustrations to the transformation of worldview constructs of cognition of the world, reflected in the language of society.

LimF is a versatile prenyltransferase catalyzing histidine-C-geranylation on diverse nonnatural substrates

Prenylation plays an important role in diversifying structure and function of secondary metabolites. Although several cyanobactin prenyltransferases have been characterized, their modes of action are mainly limited to the modification of electron-rich hetero atoms. Here we report a unique prenyltransferase originating from Limnothrix sp. CACIAM 69d, referred to as LimF, which catalyzes an unprecedented His-C-geranylation. Interestingly, LimF executes the geranylation on not only its native peptide substrate but also a wide range of exotic peptides, including thioether-closed macrocycles. We have also serendipitously uncovered an ability of Tyr-O-geranylation as the secondary function of LimF, indicating it is an unusual bifunctional prenyltransferase. Crystallographic analysis of LimF complexed with a pentapeptide substrate and a prenyl donor analog provides structural basis for its unique His recognition and its bifunctionality. Lastly, we show the LimF’s prenylation ability on various bioactive molecules containing an imidazole group, highlighting its potential as a versatile biocatalyst for site-specific geranylation.

Femoral Stems With Porous Lattice Structures: A Review

Cementless femoral stems are prone to stress shielding of the femoral bone, which is caused by a mismatch in stiffness between the femoral stem and femur. This can cause bone resorption and resultant loosening of the implant. It is possible to reduce the stress shielding by using a femoral stem with porous structures and lower stiffness. A porous structure also provides a secondary function of allowing bone ingrowth, thus improving the long-term stability of the prosthesis. Furthermore, due to the advent of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, it is possible to fabricate femoral stems with internal porous lattices. Several review articles have discussed porous structures, mainly focusing on the geometric design, mechanical properties and influence on bone ingrowth. However, the safety and effectiveness of porous femoral stems depend not only on the characteristic of porous structure but also on the macro design of the femoral stem; for example, the distribution of the porous structure, the stem geometric shape, the material, and the manufacturing process. This review focuses on porous femoral stems, including the porous structure, macro geometric design of the stem, performance evaluation, research methods used for designing and evaluating the femoral stems, materials and manufacturing techniques. In addition, this review will evaluate whether porous femoral stems can reduce stress shielding and increase bone ingrowth, in addition to analyzing their shortcomings and related risks and providing ideas for potential design improvements.

Can We Predict the Isosymmetric Phase Transition? Application of DFT Calculations to Study the Pressure Induced Transformation of Chlorothiazide

Isosymmetric structural phase transition (IPT, type 0), in which there are no changes in the occupation of Wyckoff positions, the number of atoms in the unit cell, and the space group symmetry, is relatively uncommon. Chlorothiazide, a diuretic agent with a secondary function as an antihypertensive, has been proven to undergo pressure-induced IPT of Form I to Form II at 4.2 GPa. For that reason, it has been chosen as a model compound in this study to determine if IPT can be predicted in silico using periodic DFT calculations. The transformation of Form II into Form I, occurring under decompression, was observed in geometry optimization calculations. However, the reverse transition was not detected, although the calculated differences in the DFT energies and thermodynamic parameters indicated that Form II should be more stable at increased pressure. Finally, the IPT was successfully simulated using ab initio molecular dynamics calculations.

Genre Determining Prediction: Non-Standard TAM Marking in Football Language

German and French football language display tense-aspect-mood (TAM) forms which differ from the TAM use in other genres. In German football talk, the present indicative may replace the pluperfect subjunctive. In French reports of football matches, the imperfective past may occur instead of a perfective past tense-aspect form. We argue that the two phenomena share a functional core and are licensed in the same way, which is a direct result of the genre they occur in. More precisely, football match reports adhere to a precise script and specific events are temporally determined in terms of objective time. This allows speakers to exploit a secondary function of TAM forms, namely, they shift the temporal perspective. We argue that it is on the grounds of the genre that comprehenders predict the deviating forms and are also able to decode them. In various corpus studies, we explore the functioning of these phenomena in order to gain insights into their distribution, grammaticalization and their functioning in discourse. Relevant factors are Aktionsart properties, rhetorical relations and their interaction with other TAM forms. This allows us to discuss coping mechanisms on the part of the comprehender. We broaden our understanding of the phenomena, which have only been partly covered for French and up to now seem to have been ignored in German.

Site-specific epigenetic marks in Trypanosoma brucei transcription termination, antigenic variation, and proliferation

In Trypanosoma brucei, genes assemble into polycistronic transcription units (PTUs). Transcription termination sites (TTSs) hold deposition sites for three non-essential chromatin factors, histone variants (H3v and H4v) and a DNA modification (base J, a hydroxyl-glucosyl dT). Here, I found that H4v is a major sign for transcription termination at TTSs and readthrough transcription machineries progress until they encounter the next bidirectional transcription start site. While having a secondary function at TTSs, H3v is important for monoallelic transcription of telomeric antigen genes. The simultaneous absence of both histone variants leads to proliferation and replication defects, which are exacerbated by the J deficiency, accompanied by accumulation of sub-G1 population. Base J likely contributes to DNA replication and cell-cycle control. I propose that the coordinated actions of H3v, H4v and J function in concert for cellular fate determination and provide compensatory mechanisms for each other in chromatin organization, transcription, and replication.

PUSAT BUDAYA MELAYU KALIMANTAN BARAT

There have been many attempts by cultural actors to promote and preserve Malay Culture in West Kalimantan, but they still face obstacles that make everything hampered. As the interest of the next generation to study and preserve Malay Culture is decreasing, cultural promotion activities are modest, marketing of typical handicrafts that are difficult to market, and the Malay Culture community does not yet have a suitable place to work. Anticipating this, a forum is needed to preserve, demonstrate, maintain and develop West Kalimantan Malay Culture. The final project of the Malay Cultural Center aims to create a center for the preservation of Malay Culture in West Kalimantan. The design method of the West Kalimantan Malay Cultural Center was carried out in several stages, namely ideas, theoretical review, data collection, analysis, synthesis, pre-design, and design. The design concept of the Malay Cultural Center is based on the design elements of the Malay settlement area. The design analysis resulted in several building functions but broadly divided into three functions, namely primary function (performance building), secondary function (training building, art gallery building), and management function (management building, souvenir kiosk). Analysis of the formation of the pattern of the area is taken from the elements of the formation of the Malay area in general and is combined with the shape of the design location. The characteristics of the building follow the form of a West Kalimantan Malay settlement in the form of a typical building on stilts and a pyramid roof / saddle with space tailored to the needs of the user.

Estimation of sediment thickness by solving Poisson's equation with bedrock outcrops as boundary conditions

Sediment thickness and bedrock topography are vital for the terrestrial hydrosphere. In this study, we estimated sediment thickness by using information from digital elevation models, geological maps, and public databases. We discuss two different approaches: First, the horizontal distances to the nearest bedrock outcrop were used as a secondary function in kriging and cokriging. Second, we applied Poisson's equation to estimate the local trend of the sediment thickness where bedrock outcrops were used as boundary conditions. Differences between point observations and the parabolic surface from Poisson's equation were minimized by inverse modelling. Ordinary kriging was applied to the residuals. These two approaches were evaluated with data from the Øvre Eiker, Norway. Estimates derived from Poisson's equation gave the smallest mean absolute error, and larger soil depths were reproduced better if the local trend was included in the estimation procedure. An independent cross-validation was undertaken. The results showed the best accuracy and precision for kriging on the residuals from Poisson's equation. Solutions of Poisson's equation are sensitive to the boundary conditions, which in this case were locations of the bedrock outcrops. Bedrock outcrops are available for direct observations; hence, the quality of the estimates can be improved by updating input from high-resolution mapping.

A Virulence Associated Siderophore Importer Reduces Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae

The accessory genomes of many pathogenic bacteria include ABC transporters that scavenge metal by siderophore uptake and ABC transporters that contribute to antimicrobial resistance by multidrug efflux. There are mechanistic and recently recognized structural similarities between siderophore importer proteins and efflux pumps. Here we investigated the influence of siderophore importer YbtPQ on antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae. YbtPQ is encoded in the yersiniabactin cluster in a prevalent mobile genetic element ICEKp, and is also common in pathogenicity islands of Escherichia coli and Yersinia species, where yersiniabactin enhances virulence. Deletion of ICEKp increased the susceptibility of K. pneumoniae to all antimicrobials tested. The mechanism was dependent on the yersiniabactin importer YbtPQ and may involve antimicrobial efflux, since it was affected by the inhibitor reserpine. The element ICEKp is naturally highly mobile, indeed the accessory genome of K. pneumoniae is recognized as a reservoir of genes for the emergence of hospital outbreak strains and for transfer to other Gram-negative pathogens. Introduction of ICEKp, or a plasmid encoding YbtPQ, to E. coli decreased its susceptibility to a broad range of antimicrobials. Thus a confirmed siderophore importer, on a rapidly evolving and highly mobile element capable of interspecies transfer, may have a secondary function exporting antimicrobials.