Variability in the life history of Unionicola crassipes, a sponge-associated water mite (Acari: Unionicolidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather C. Proctor ◽  
Gordon Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Bias

The life history of a member of the widely distributed Unionicola crassipes complex (Acari: Unionicolidae) in a foothills pond in Alberta, Canada, differs from those previously described for this taxon. Two years are required for a female to develop from an egg to an ovipositing adult. Fertilized females overwinter and oviposit in the sponge Eunapius fragilis in early May. Larvae emerge in late May to early June and parasitize chironomids of the genus Tanytarsus. Engorged larvae drop from their insect hosts and return to sponges for the protonymph resting stage. Active, predaceous deutonymphs develop from protonymphs in early summer. Deutonymphs overwinter and enter the tritonymph resting stage, also in sponges, in early May. Summer adults emerge from the tritonymph stage in late May to early June. Males emerge first, but there is an overall female bias to the sex ratio of emerging adults. Growth of sclerotized and unsclerotized parts occurs in adults over the summer, during which time females appear to suffer greater mortality than males, because the sex ratio is 1:1 in September. It is primarily mated females that overwinter for a second time. A population decline in the summer of 1987 was correlated with degeneration of sponges; variation in the life histories of sponge-associated water mites is discussed in light of this correlation.

scholarly journals Notes on the Life History of Anaphia petiolata (Kröyer)

1916 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Bright Pink ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fourth Pair

In the early summer of 1915 it was' noticed that many medusæ brought in with the tow-nettings contained larval Pycnogonids in the manubrium and at the junction of manubrium and stomach. The medusæ specially noticed to contain them were Obelia sp., Cosmetira pilosella, Turris pileata, Stomotoca dinema and Phialidium hemisphericum. By far the greater number were in Obelia, although many were in Phialidium hemisphericum and Cosmetira pilosella. They were extremely abundant in June, after that became scarcer, and finally disappeared by October. On examination they were seen to be larval stages of Anaphia petiolata (Kröyer), a Pycnogonid common in Plymouth Sound. The older larvæ sometimes were seen to cast their skins, so that the species could be easily recognised, although the fourth pair of walking legs were not fully developed. This is evidently the species described by Dogiel (1913) as Anoplodactylus pygmœus, the life history of which he traces from its first entry into the Obelia hydroid to the older stages when it is ready to leave its host. The form he refers to as Anoplodactylus petiolatus occurring in cysts in Coryne with Phoxichilidium femoratum must be some other species, as his figures prove clearly that it differs from A. pygmœus, and also the colour is totally different (a bright pink, while the present form is a pale yellow). Dogiel believes he has proved that Anoplodactylus petiolatus and A. pygmœus are different species from the difference in their life histories, and it is evident that he is dealing with two different species, but his A. petiolatus cannot be the same as our form, which is certainly identical with his A. pygmœus, and shows that Sars (1891) and Norman (1894) were right in regarding A. pygmœus as the young form of A. petiolatus (Kröyer).

A comparative study of the life histories of Nematodirus battus and N. filicollis, nematode parasites of sheep

Parasitology ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 374-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comparative Description

1. The life history of N. battus is described, and a comparative description of the life history of N. filicollis is given.2. The life histories of these two species are compared with those of N. spathiger and N. helvetianus, two closely related species, and are shown to follow the same basic pattern, with minor variations in timing which appear to be specific in nature, and not related to differences in culture methods or host species.3. The pathogenesis of Nematodirus species is discussed and related to the migration of larvae into the intestinal mucosa during development.

III.—The Life-history and Cytology of Didymium nigripes Fr.

1932 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie J. Cadman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Groups

Since 1860, in which year De Bary published his great work Die Mycetozoen, the investigation of the life-history of members of the Mycetozoa has aroused a considerable amount of interest, and a great deal of important research has been carried out in this connection. The group of organisms is particularly interesting, because it lies on the borderline between plant and animal kingdoms, and it is very possible that a detailed investigation of several species of the Mycetozoa might be of considerable assistance in elucidating certain obscure points in the life-histories of higher members of both the great natural groups. The term “Mycetozoa,” which we owe to De Bary, will be used throughout in preference to the older term “Myxogastres” invented by Fries (32, p. 2), and that of “Myxomycetes” first employed by Link (32, p. 2). “Mycetozoon,” or “fungus-like animal,” is a very appropriate description of a member of the group, since during part of its life-history it exhibits distinctly animal-like characters, and the individuals move rapidly by means of flagella, whilst later, during the development of the sporangium, a plant-like form is assumed. The combination of plant and animal characters has given rise to much discussion as to the position of the Mycetozoa in plant or animal kingdom, and the group has been claimed by both zoologists and botanists.

Population dynamics of Stenothoe valida Dana, 1852 (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) at Cheongsapo beach of Busan, Republic of Korea

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-429
Author(s):  
Ye Ji Lee ◽  
Won Gyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Ovigerous Female ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Female Size ◽  
History Of

Abstract The population dynamics of Stenothoe valida Dana, 1852 were studied at Cheongsapo beach of Busan, Republic of Korea, from March 2019 to March 2020. Sampling was conducted once a month at low tide during spring tides. Specimens were grouped by the cephalic length at 0.025 mm intervals, and classified into four categories: females, ovigerous females, males and juveniles. The sex ratio, defined as females : total males + females, exceeded 0.5 during most of the study period. Brood size was significantly coupled with ovigerous female size. Two to four cohorts appeared at each study period. New cohorts occurred at almost every sampling except in the samples Jun-2, and Nov-2. Life span was estimated at 1-2 months. The juvenile ratio, the ratio of ovigerous females, and the recruitment rate estimated by FiSAT were commonly high in summer and winter. The life history of S. valida was not coupled with water temperature, but had a strong seasonal pattern.

scholarly journals The application of life history information to the conservation management of Chrysoritis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Terblanche ◽  
H. Van Hamburg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
History Of ◽  
Voucher Specimens

Due to their intricate life histories and the unique wing patterns and colouring the butterflies of the genus Chrysoritis are of significant conservation and aesthetic value. Thisoverview probes into practical examples of butterfly life history research applicable to environmental management of this relatively well-known invertebrate group in South Africa. Despite the pioneer work on life histories of Chrysoritis in the past, more should be done to understand the life history of the butterflies in the wild, especially their natural host plants and the behaviour of adults and larvae. A system of voucher specimens of host plants should be introduced in South Africa. Although various host plant species in nature are used by the members of Chrysoritis, including the Chrysoritis chrysaor group, the choice of these in nature by each species is significant for conservation management and in the case of Chrysoritis aureus perhaps even as a specific characteristic.A revision of the ant genus Crematogaster will benefit the conservation management of Chrysoritis species since some of these ant species may consist of a number of specieswith much more restricted distributions than previously thought. Rigorous quantified tudies of population dynamics of Chrysoritis butterflies are absent and the introductionof such studies will benefit conservation management of these localised butterflies extensively.

Influence of a reservoir with surface release on the life history of the mayfly Heterocloeon curiosum (McDunnough) (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris C. Kondratieff ◽  
J. Reese Voshell Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lake Anna

The life history of Heterocloeon curiosum was compared in the impounded North Anna River (NAR) and the free-flowing South Anna River (SAR) in Virginia, U.S.A. The study site on the NAR was 32 km below Lake Anna, a surface-release reservoir. Heterocloeon curiosum was bivoltine in both rivers with two summer generations and probable overwintering in the egg stage. It passed through 10 larval instars (range 9–12) in both rivers. The density of larvae was twice as great in the SAR as the NAR. Factors which may have contributed to the lesser success of H. curiosum in the NAR included bottom scouring produced by sudden increases in discharge, absence of the macrophyte Podostemum, quality of available food, and alterations of the temperature regime. Of these four factors, temperature probably had the most significant effect. The emergence of the second generation was 1 month later in the NAR because the reservoir delayed the normal seasonal cooling of the river. The nonoptimal temperature regime appeared to significantly reduce the fecundity of H. curiosum in the NAR. Our data indicate that surface-release reservoirs may have subtle but significant effects on the life histories of benthic macroinvertebrates.

A review of the British marine Cercariae

Parasitology ◽  
1911 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Work

The study of the life-histories of digenetic Trematodes is as yet in its infancy. Many new adult forms are described every year, but very little is known of the life-history of any of these. It is even impossible in the majority of cases to say what sort of larval form is characteristic of any group. Having worked for some years at the study of Trematode larvae I thought it would be of some use to bring together all the work so far done on British marine cercariae in order to form a nucleus round which future work may be centred.

BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH, DIORYCTRIA ZIMMERMANI, IN MICHIGAN

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Carlson ◽  
J. W. Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

AbstractThis paper reports on studies of biology and life history of the Zimmerman pine moth, Dioryctria zimmermani (Grote), in southern Michigan.Adults emerged during the last 3 weeks of August and eggs hatched through mid-September. Eggs were laid almost entirely on the main stem and, upon hatching, the larvae entered recesses in the bark and spun hibernacula, ostensibly without feeding.Studies on the vertical distribution of larvae and pupae showed a fairly uniform distribution over the main stem in spring and early summer. In late summer, a larger percentage was found in middle whorls.Based on head capsule measurements, it is tentatively proposed that there are six larval stadia. Occurrence of parasitism in the last larval stadia is discussed, and a new egg parasite is reported.The presence of D. abietivorella Grote in the study areas is noted, and discussed briefly.

Studies on the development, life history and taxonomy of the Ectocarpales (Phaeophyta) in southern Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Type Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Morphology Development ◽  
Sexual Processes

The morphology, development and life history of filamentous brown algae, in particular species of the commoner genera Feldmannia, Giffordia and Hecatonema, are described. Morphogenetic differences parallel the well known morphological distinctions between Feldmannia and Giffordia. Two 'species' of Feldmannia, F. globifer and F. simplex, are not distinct but rather exhibit continous variation of a clinal nature. Previous records of Giffordia secunda are shown to apply to Giffordia granulosa. Studies of living and type material of Ectocarpus sordidus indicate that its affinities lie with the genus Giffordia, to which it is transferred. Life histories of the various ectocarpalean taxa show many similarities and, with minor exceptions do not furnish additional useful taxonomic characters. The predominant means of reproduction amongst the Australian Ectocarpales are asexual, sexual processes being apparently of minor signi- ficance. Life history studies of Hecatonema maculans show it to be indistinct from juvenile stages of two members of the Dictyosiphonales, Desmotrichum undulatum and Punctaria latifolia. Five genera and six species are newly recorded for Australia. The genera are Acinetospoua, Hecatonenza, Kuckuckia, Kuetzingiella and Sovocarpus and the species are Acinetospora crinita (Carmichael ex Harvey in J. D. Hooker) Kornmann, Giffordia fuscata (Zanardini) Kornmann in Kuckuck, Giffordia intermedia (Rosenvinge) Lund, Hecatonema maculans (Collins) Sauvageau, Kuckuckia spinosa (Kiitzing) Kuckuck and Sorocarpus micromorus (Bory) Silva.

Coevolutionary interactions between host life histories and parasite life cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Koella ◽  
P. Agnew ◽  
Y. Michalakis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite

SummarySeveral recent studies have discussed the interaction of host life-history traits and parasite life cycles. It has been observed that the life-history of a host often changes after infection by a parasite. In some cases, changes of host life-history traits reduce the costs of parasitism and can be interpreted as a form of resistance against the parasite. In other cases, changes of host life-history traits increase the parasite's transmission and can be interpreted as manipulation by the parasite. Alternatively, changes of host's life-history traits can also induce responses in the parasite's life cycle traits. After a brief review of recent studies, we treat in more detail the interaction between the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We consider the interactions between the host's life-history and parasite's life cycle that help shape the evolutionary ecology of their relationship. In particular, these interactions determine whether the parasite is benign and transmits vertically or is virulent and transmits horizontally.Key words: host-parasite interaction, life-history, life cycle, coevolution.

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