Spawning activity of male and female pike, Esox lucius L., determined by acoustic tracking

Two male and three female pike, Esox lucius L., were tracked by means of intraperitoneally implanted acoustic transmitters prior to and throughout the 1988 spawning season in Loch Davan, Scotland. Highly significant variations in activity occurred on a diel and seasonal basis. Fish were relatively inactive at night for the whole of the tracking period. Mean daily distance moved ranged between 0.43 and 0.44 km∙d−1 for females and between 0.24 and 0.38 km∙d−1 for males in the weeks preceding spawning (March 27 – April 16); increased to a peak of 1.13 km∙d−1 for females and 1.72 km∙d−1 for males in the week April 24–30; and subsequently decreased to prespawning levels, 0.29 km∙d−1 for females and 0.24 km∙d−1 for males, by the week May 8–14. Levels of visually observed pike spawning activity followed a similar pattern. Males were more active than females for most of the spawning period; no significant differences were found before and after spawning. Highest levels of activity coincided with elevated water levels and water temperatures of 8–10 °C.

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Effects of Liming on the Distribution of Cadmium in Water, Sediment, and Organisms in a Swedish Lake

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f88-138 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 1154-1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Paul Andersson ◽

Hans Borg

Keyword(s):

Lake Water ◽

Cadmium Concentration ◽

Northern Pike ◽

Esox Lucius ◽

Suspended Particles ◽

Fish Liver ◽

Free Swimming ◽

Pike Esox Lucius ◽

Insect Larva ◽

Before And After

We studied the cadmium concentrations in water, sediment, suspended particles, a free-swimming insect larva (Chaoborus), a sediment-bound insect larva (Chironomus), and liver of northern pike (Esox lucius) before and after liming operations in Lake Långsjön, Sweden. In accordance with the higher pH levels obtained in the lake water after the limings, cadmium concentration decreased in the water but increased in the sediment. Cadmium concentration in fish liver and Chironomus decreased after the limings whereas the concentration in Chaoborus larvae increased after the first liming. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

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Timing and Magnitude of Energy Deposition and Loss in the Body, Liver, and Gonads of Northern Pike (Esox lucius)

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f79-071 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 481-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

James S. Diana ◽

W. C. Mackay

Keyword(s):

Somatic Growth ◽

Northern Pike ◽

Esox Lucius ◽

The Body ◽

Total Production ◽

Spawning Period ◽

Pike Esox Lucius ◽

Testicular Growth ◽

Gonad Growth ◽

Somatic Energy

Northern pike (Esox lucius) were sampled periodically from Lac Ste. Anne, Alberta, between March 1976 and September 1978. The yearly cycle of production and depletion was determined for individual 3-yr-old fish. Body growth in length was similar for both sexes, and occurred during the summer. Somatic caloric growth was completed during the summer by females, while male somatic growth continued over winter. Gonad growth began in August; testicular growth was completed by September while ovarian growth occurred mainly during winter. There was no loss of somatic energy during ovary growth. Energy requirements for testicular growth appeared to come from liver stores. Both sexes lost considerable somatic energy between March and May, the spawning period; this loss appeared to be due to spawning activity and not late gonad growth. Young-of-year fish did not mature sexually and all of their energy accumulation went into somatic tissue. Total production in females from May to March was twice as high as production in males. Both sexes had similar yearly somatic production, while females had approximately 15 fold higher gonadal production than males. Key words: calories, growth, liver, gonad, somatic, Esox lucius, production, spawning depletion

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Dynamics of indices of metabolism in muscle tissue, liver and gonads of Abramis brama in different periods of the annual cycle

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/012020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 146-153

Author(s):

A. A. Payuta ◽

E. A. Flerova

Keyword(s):

Muscle Tissue ◽

Annual Cycle ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Reproductive Behaviour ◽

The Body ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Abramis Brama ◽

Spawning Period ◽

Male And Female ◽

Before And After

The aim of this research was to study the dynamics of metabolism in the body of bream Abramis brama (L.) at different periods of the annual cycle: pre-spawning, spawning, post-spawning and feeding. The object of the study was 55 male and 53 female bream aged 9–13 years, to reduce the effect of age on the studied parameters. Individuals were measured, weighed, gender was determined, gonad maturity stage, age; the condition factor and organ indices were calculated. The content of moisture, dry matter, lipids, proteins, ash and nitrogen-free extracts (NFE) in the muscles, liver and gonads of male and female bream have been analyzed. The lowest coefficients of condition factor were found in bream during the autumn feeding season, the highest in males during spawning, in females before and after spawning. In the muscle tissue of male and female bream the content of metabolic products in the feeding period and before spawning differed slightly. In the spawning period, the muscles of males exceeded the muscle tissue of females in lipid content by more than two times. In the annual cycle of the bream, the ovaries contain more protein than the testes. The bream of different sex revealed differences in the intensity of metabolic processes during the maturation of gonads: in males, energy costs are more pronounced after wintering before spawning, while in females, during spawning. The main energy reserve in the form of lipids in the annual cycle changes more significantly in the body of male bream than in females. Ovarian maturation requires more metabolite reserves than maturation of the testes, however, males have increased expenditure associated with reproductive behaviour during spawning. Therefore, the total energy contribution to reproduction may be the same for female and for male bream. Bream’s liver and muscle tissue can serve as a source of energy during food shortages and during spawning. In the annual cycle, the condition factor of bream increases due to an increase in the moisture content in the muscles.

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Feeding Flexibility in Northern Pike (Esox lucius): Fish versus Invertebrate Prey

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f89-085 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 666-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Lauren J. Chapman ◽

William C. Mackay ◽

Craig W. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Northwest Territories ◽

Standard Length ◽

Stomach Contents ◽

Northern Pike ◽

Esox Lucius ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Pike Esox Lucius ◽

Invertebrate Prey ◽

Seasonal Basis

We describe the frequency of occurrence of fish and invertebrates in the stomach contents of northern pike (Esox lucius) from eight populations in Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Lakes were sampled one to eight times between 1979 and 1985, and a total of 899 pike were examined (mean standard length = 44 ± 8 cm, SD). Although northern pike are widely considered to be top aquatic piscivores, we found that the frequency of occurrence of invertebrates was high, at least on a seasonal basis, in some systems. In all of the lakes considered, the frequency of occurrence of fish (expressed as a percentage of non-empty stomachs) was 88% or greater in one or more of the sample periods. However, diets where the frequency of occurrence of invertebrates was greater than 90% occurred in three of the populations in one or more of the sample periods. The frequency of occurrence of invertebrates was negatively correlated with the percentage of empty stomachs, while the frequency of occurrence of fish was positively related to the percentage of empty stomachs. Invertebrate feeding was not limited exclusively to smaller pike; invertebrates were found in the stomachs of pike 24 to 60 cm long (standard length).

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Oocyte recruitment and spawning chronology in pike, Esox lucius, and muskellunge, Esox masquinongy

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z91-306 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 2194-2201 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bernard Lebeau

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Strategies ◽

Hatching Success ◽

Esox Lucius ◽

Large Female ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Spawning Period ◽

Esox Masquinongy ◽

Pike Esox Lucius ◽

Spawning Site ◽

Second Clutch

During the reproductive cycle, the progression of oogenesis differs markedly between northern pike, Esox lucius Linnaeus, and muskellunge, Esox masquinongy Mitchill. Both species have group-synchronous ovaries but have different oocyte recruitment strategies. Pike is a single spawner, developing eggs in a single clutch annually, whereas muskellunge is a fractional spawner, producing two clutches of eggs per year. During the spawning period in large female muskellunge, oocyte counts indicate that the second clutch of eggs is equally important to the first. An event portrait of the spawning period for muskellunge is provided, whereby arrival of adults to a spawning site, egg yield, and hatching success agree with the fractional spawner concept. A hypothesis of the temporal sequence of evolutionary relationships in recruitment of oocytes for esocoid fishes is presented. The reproductive strategy of muskellunge belongs to a common esocoid ancestor, whereas that in pike is derived and unique. The significance of this divergence in closely related species remains consistent with the ecological theory that evolution of reproductive strategies is adaptive to diverse environmental conditions.

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The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065237 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 236-237

Author(s):

R. F. Bils ◽

W. F. Diller ◽

F. Huth

Keyword(s):

Latent Period ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Lung Edema ◽

X Rays ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Male And Female ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Before And After ◽

Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

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Phospholipid Composition of Mitochondria of Gills of Pike (Esox lucius) under the Zinc Ions Impact

Hydrobiological Journal ◽

10.1615/hydrobj.v49.i6.100 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 98-101

Author(s):

Yu. I. Senyk ◽

V. O. Khomenchuk ◽

V. Z. Kurant ◽

V. V. Grubinko

Keyword(s):

Phospholipid Composition ◽

Esox Lucius ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Pike Esox Lucius

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Spinal Muscular Atrophy after Nusinersen Therapy: Improved Physiology in Pediatric Patients with No Significant Change in Urine, Serum, and Liquor 1H-NMR Metabolomes in Comparison to an Age-Matched, Healthy Cohort

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11040206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 206

Author(s):

Leon Deutsch ◽

Damjan Osredkar ◽

Janez Plavec ◽

Blaž Stres

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽

1H Nmr ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Muscular Atrophy ◽

Male And Female ◽

Before And After ◽

Healthy Cohort ◽

Males And Females ◽

Urine Serum

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases and was until recently the most common genetic cause of death in children. The effects of 2-month nusinersen therapy on urine, serum, and liquor 1H-NMR metabolomes in SMA males and females were not explored yet, especially not in comparison to the urine 1H-NMR metabolomes of matching male and female cohorts. In this prospective, single-centered study, urine, serum, and liquor samples were collected from 25 male and female pediatric patients with SMA before and after 2 months of nusinersen therapy and urine samples from a matching healthy cohort (n = 125). Nusinersen intrathecal application was the first therapy for the treatment of SMA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Metabolomes were analyzed using targeted metabolomics utilizing 600 MHz 1H-NMR, parametric and nonparametric multivariate statistical analyses, machine learning, and modeling. Medical assessment before and after nusinersen therapy showed significant improvements of movement, posture, and strength according to various medical tests. No significant differences were found in metabolomes before and after nusinersen therapy in urine, serum, and liquor samples using an ensemble of statistical and machine learning approaches. In comparison to a healthy cohort, 1H-NMR metabolomes of SMA patients contained a reduced number and concentration of urine metabolites and differed significantly between males and females as well. Significantly larger data scatter was observed for SMA patients in comparison to matched healthy controls. Machine learning confirmed urinary creatinine as the most significant, distinguishing SMA patients from the healthy cohort. The positive effects of nusinersen therapy clearly preceded or took place devoid of significant rearrangements in the 1H-NMR metabolomic makeup of serum, urine, and liquor. Urine creatinine was successful at distinguishing SMA patients from the matched healthy cohort, which is a simple systemic novelty linking creatinine and SMA to the physiology of inactivity and diabetes, and it facilitates the monitoring of SMA disease in pediatric patients through non-invasive urine collection.

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