Moderate water restriction differentially constrains reproduction in two species of dwarf hamster (Phodopus)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Scribner ◽  
Katherine E. Wynne-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Biparental Care ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Phodopus Campbelli ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Northern Mongolia ◽  
Dwarf Hamster ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Response To Water

The dwarf hamsters Phodopus campbelli and P. sungorus are found in semi-arid areas of Siberia and northern Mongolia, but habitat and diet differences suggest species differences in water regulatory efficiency. These differences were investigated by examining the effect of moderate water restriction (50% of ad libitum consumption) on solitary dams and on their reproductive success. In response to water restriction, P. sungorus dams lost less body mass than P. campbelli dams, and despite similar litter sizes, P. sungorus produced heavier litters and pups than P. campbelli, indicating that P. sungorus pups were larger. These results suggest that P. sungorus is more tolerant of water restriction than P. campbelli. In a second experiment the possibility that paternal care may mitigate the effects of water restriction was examined by leaving the mated pair together throughout lactation. Pairing reduced mass loss by P. campbelli dams and increased the proportion of large P. campbelli pups at weaning, but had no effect on these measures in P. sungorus, eliminating interspecific differences in responses to water restriction. Results suggest that biparental care may be a facultative response to environmental stress in P. campbelli.

The evolution of bird song: comparative analyses

1992 ◽  
Vol 338 (1284) ◽  
pp. 165-187 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Song Complexity ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Syllable Repertoire ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Song Repertoires

Several ecological and behavioural factors are correlated with interspecific differences in the complexity and tem poral arrangem ent of passerine songs. For example, song repertoires are larger in species where males provide more parental care; syllable repertoire sizes are greater in polygynous species; migrants have larger song and syllable repertoires; and more vocalization during a song bout is associated with higher fecundities and lower metabolic rates. These associations often differ at different taxonomic levels, suggesting that the factors causing divergence in song characters within genera are different from those responsible for divergence among more distantly related taxa. In general, correlates of greater song complexity can be interpreted as those factors likely to produce more intense inter- or intra-sexual selection (polygyny, migration, paternal care). Measures of song output are correlated with factors likely to be associated with species differences in energetic requirements (metabolic rate) or reproductive effort (fecundity). The ecological and behavioural correlates of within-song complexity differ from those of between-song complexity, suggesting that they are not alternative solutions to the same selective pressures

Effect of water restriction on urinary concentrating ability of K-depleted rats

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Blythe ◽  
Margaret Newton ◽  
Fernando Lazcano ◽  
Louis G. Welt
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potassium Depletion ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Urinary Concentrating Ability ◽  
Excessive Water ◽  
Urine Concentrating Ability ◽  
Concentrating Defect

In order to test the possibility that the urinary concentrating defect associated with potassium depletion results from excessive water intake that accompanies potassium depletion, water intake was restricted in one half of a group of rats undergoing potassium depletion. The other one half of the group was allowed to drink ad libitum After 14 days, ability to concentrate the urine was tested in both groups as well as in two groups of control rats, one of which was allowed to drink ad libitum and the other having water intake restricted. Although both potassium-depleted groups concentrated urine less than the control groups, there was no difference in urine-concentrating ability between the two potassium-depleted groups. It is concluded that the urinary concentrating defect in potassium depletion is not due to excessive water intake.

scholarly journals Females prefer the calls of better fathers in a Neotropical frog with biparental care

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A Pettitt ◽  
Godfrey R Bourne ◽  
Mark A Bee
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Biparental Care ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Differential Allocation ◽  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Good Parent ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Male Care ◽  
Sexual Traits

Abstract Male secondary sexual traits potentially function as indicators of direct or indirect fitness benefits to females. Direct benefits, such as paternal care, may be especially important to females in species with biparental care. In an experimental field study of the golden rocket frog (Anomaloglossus beebei), a Neotropical species with biparental care, we tested predictions from four hypotheses proposed to explain the evolutionary relationship between male secondary sexual traits and paternal care quality (the “good parent,” “differential allocation,” “trade-off,” and “essential male care” hypotheses). We examined: 1) the influence of paternal care on offspring survival, 2) the relationships between male calls and paternal care, maternal care, and opportunities for males to acquire multiple mates, and 3) female preferences for three acoustic properties of male advertisement calls. Our results reveal that paternal care positively impacts offspring survival, that males producing longer calls also provide higher-quality paternal care in the form of greater egg attendance and territory defense, and that females prefer longer calls. Females did not discriminate among potential mates based on differences in dominant frequency or call rate. These findings, which suggest male advertisement calls are indicators of potential direct benefits to females in the form of paternal care, are consistent with the good parent hypothesis and inconsistent with the trade-off, differential allocation, and essential male care hypotheses.

Body temperature responses to exercise in man on restricted food and water intake

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grande ◽  
J. E. Monagle ◽  
E. R. Buskirk ◽  
H. L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Control Level ◽  
High Water ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Ad Libitum

Rectal temperatures (TR) of 12 clinically healthy soldiers were measured in a room at 25.5°C and 40–45% relative humidity during a 1-hour walk on a motor driven treadmill at 3.5 mph and 10% grade, during control with adequate food intake and water ad libitum, and during a period of food and water restriction. The daily water intake during the water restriction period was 900 ml for six of the men, Low Water group (L.W.), and 1800 ml for the other six, High Water group (H.W.). The restriction of water began at the same time as the restriction of food and lasted 5 full days for the L.W. group and 10 full days for the H.W. group. Food was restricted to 1000 calories from carbohydrate, 4.5 gm of NaCl and a multivitamin pill/day for 16 days. Water ad libitum was given throughout the experiment except for the period of water restriction. The L.W. group showed a progressive increase of TR at the end of the walk during the water restriction period with average TR 1.51℃, higher at peak dehydration than in control. In the H.W. group the greatest average increase, 0.46℃, was observed on day 5 of restriction. Administration of water ad libitum brought the work TR back to the control level in the L.W. group, but failed to produce any important change in the H.W. group. The relationship between dehydration, elevation of TR during work and changes in sweat rate is discussed. Submitted on July 24, 1958

Hypotensive effect of water restriction in the two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (5) ◽  
pp. F525-F531
Author(s):  
F. H. Leenen ◽  
W. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Ad Libitum

In two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats we evaluated the effect of water restriction on the development and maintenance of severe hypertension (systemic blood pressure 200-230 mmHg). After application of renal arterial clips in rats allowed access to water for 1 or 2 h daily, BP stabilized at 180-190 mmHg. No increase in water intake occurred and plasma renin activity(PRA) (measured before the drinking period) was significantly below the levels observed in ad libitum-drinking hypertensive rats. In rats administered 4 ml water/100 g body weight twice daily by gavage, development of hypertension was more clearly suppressed. Blood pressure increased slowly and reached levels of only 150-170 mmHg. Furthermore, PRA was significantly lower in this group compared with ad libitum-drinking hypertensive animals. In rats with established (4-5 wk) renal hypertension, restriction of water intake to 1 or 2 h daily resulted in a rapid decrease in BP of about 30 mmHg. Daily administration of Pitressin tannate to hypertensive rats allowed free access to water induced a similar decrease in BP as well as suppression of PRA. These results indicate that the hypotensive effect of water restriction in the two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rat model may be mediated, at least in part, through elevated circulating levels of vasopressin that subsequently inhibit renin release.

Paternal Care Reduces Maternal Hyperthermia in Djungarian Hamsters (Phodopus campbelli)

1997 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Walton
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Phodopus Campbelli

Urea accumulation in response to water restriction in burrowing toads (Bufo viridis)

1990 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Huffman ◽  
U Katz ◽  
U Eylath
Keyword(s):  
Water Restriction ◽  
Bufo Viridis ◽  
Response To Water

Oxytocin as an antidiuretic hormone. I. Concentration dependence of action

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. F70-F77 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Chou ◽  
S. R. DiGiovanni ◽  
R. Mejia ◽  
S. Nielsen ◽  
M. A. Knepper
Keyword(s):  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Brattleboro Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Osmotic Water ◽  
Response To Water

Circulating concentrations of oxytocin increase to 10-40 pM in rats in response to osmotic stimuli, suggesting that oxytocin could play a role in regulation of water balance. The present studies tested whether oxytocin at such concentrations increases osmotic water permeability (Pf) in isolated perfused terminal inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD). In IMCD segments from Sprague-Dawley rats, 20 pM oxytocin added to the peritubular bath caused a two- to threefold increase in Pf, whereas 200 pM oxytocin increased Pf by five- to sixfold (n = 8, P < 0.01). IMCD from Brattleboro rats, which manifest central diabetes insipidus, exhibited a 2.8-fold increase in Pf in response to 20 pM oxytocin and a 4.7-fold increase in response to 200 pM oxytocin. However, in Brattleboro rats, the response to 20 pM oxytocin was dependent on prior water restriction of the rats. Immunoblotting showed no change in the expression of the aquaporin-CD water channel in Brattleboro rats in response to water restriction. Nevertheless, immunofluorescence studies of inner medullary tissue from Brattleboro rats revealed a marked redistribution of the aquaporin-CD water channels to a predominantly apical and subapical localization in IMCD cells in response to water restriction, similar to the redistribution seen in response to vasopressin. Mathematical modeling studies revealed that the measured increase in Pf in response to oxytocin is sufficient to generate a concentrated urine. We conclude that oxytocin can function physiologically as an antidiuretic hormone, mimicking the short-term action of vasopressin on water permeability, albeit with somewhat lower potency.

Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Response to Water Restriction in the Hormonal Adaptation of Two Semidesert Rodents from West Africa (Steatomys caurinus, Taterillus gracilis)

2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lacas ◽  
A.M Allevard ◽  
S Ag'Atteinine ◽  
N Gallo-Bona ◽  
G Gauquelin-Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Response To Water
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document