Food intake and spontaneous swimming activity in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus): role of brain serotonergic activity and social interactions

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1366-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Øverli ◽  
Svante Winberg ◽  
Børge Damsård ◽  
Malcolm Jobling
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Dominant Fish ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Social Subordination

We investigated the relationship between social interactions, brain serotonergic activity, and two behavioural patterns in juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus): feeding and spontaneous swimming activity. Dominant and subordinate individuals were observed during rearing in pairs, followed by rearing in isolation. Throughout the experiment, levels of both food intake and swimming activity remained high in dominant fish. When they were in pairs, food intake was completely inhibited in subordinate fish; thus, dominant fish were able to monopolise food. At the same time, brain serotonergic activity, as indexed by the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) was elevated in the hypothalamus and brain stem of subordinate fish compared with dominants. During subsequent rearing in isolation, food intake, but not spontaneous locomotor activity, gradually increased in previously subordinate fish, while serotonergic activity fell to near that of dominants. Thus, appetite inhibition in subordinate fish can be reversed by rearing in isolation, an effect that may be related to the reversal of a stress-induced activation of brain serotonergic neurones accompanying social subordination. Reduced swimming activity is either a long-lasting response to social subordination or reflects permanently different behavioural strategies of subordinate and dominant individuals.

Food intake and spontaneous swimming activity in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus): role of brain serotonergic activity and social interactions

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1366-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Øverli ◽  
Svante Winberg ◽  
Børge Damsård ◽  
Malcolm Jobling
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Serotonergic Activity

scholarly journals FEEDING RANK AND BRAIN SEROTONERGIC ACTIVITY IN RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS

1993 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
S. Winberg ◽  
C. G. Carter ◽  
I. D. Mccarthy ◽  
Z. Y. He ◽  
G. E. Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Growth Stress ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Average Share ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Two methods for assessing the status of an individual rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss within a group hierarchy, radiographic determination of individual food intake and analysis of brain serotonergic activity, were compared. The results showed that individual food intake, measured as the average share of the group meal, and brain serotonergic activity, measured as brain levels of 5- hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) or as 5-HIAA/5-HT (serotonin) ratios, were inversely correlated with each other, suggesting that both methods could be used as indicators of the position of the rainbow trout in a dominance hierarchy. In addition, specific growth rate correlated significantly with brain 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios. The results indicate that the increase in brain 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios in subordinate individuals is caused by an increased use (release) of 5-HT in these fish, and not by an increase in the level of tryptophan, the amino acid precursor of 5-HT. The relationships between social rank, food intake, growth, stress and brain serotonergic activity of fish in a social hierarchy are discussed.

SPONTANEOUS LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN ARCTIC CHARR MEASURED BY A COMPUTERIZED IMAGING TECHNIQUE: ROLE OF BRAIN SEROTONERGIC ACTIVITY

1993 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Winberg ◽  
G. E. Nilsson ◽  
B. M. Spruijt ◽  
U. Hoglund
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Analysis System

Using a computerized video-image analysis system, spontaneous locomotor activity was measured in dominant and subordinate individuals of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and in individuals treated with inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and re-uptake. Arctic charr were put together in pairs. After 1 week, subordinate individuals were found to have elevated brain levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a major 5-HT metabolite, suggesting an increase in serotonergic activity. The subordinate individuals had significantly lower spontaneous locomotor activity than the dominant fish. Similarly, Arctic charr displayed a significantly reduced locomotor activity when their serotonergic activity was stimulated by the specific 5- HT re-uptake inhibitor zimeldine. In contrast, fish treated with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine showed a significant increase in locomotor activity. Dominant, subordinate and pharmacologically treated fish all had very similar activity rhythms for the 18 h test period. Thus, neither the previous social experience nor the pharmacological treatment seemed to affect the diurnal activity rhythm per se. Taken together, these results suggest that the brain serotonergic system inhibits locomotor activity and support the possibility that 5-HT is involved in the inhibition of locomotor activity displayed by subordinate fish.

The Effect of Stress and Starvation on Bratn Serotonin Utilization in Arctic Charr (Salvelinus Alpinus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVANTE WINBERG ◽  
GÖRAN E. NILSSON ◽  
K. HÅKAN OLSÉN
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Brain Levels ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Starvation Experiment

The effects of stress and starvation on brain levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were studied in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Three experimental protocols were used to elucidate (1) the effect of stress in fish given food, (2) the effect of starvation, and (3) the effect of stress in fish deprived of food. In the stress experiments, fish were stressed three times a day over a four-week period, and in the starvation experiment the fish were starved for a four-week period. Stressed fish, whether given food or not, showed significantly higher concentrations of 5-HIAA, the main 5-HT metabolite, in both the telencephalon and the brain stem. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio (an index of serotonergic activity) was also significantly increased in the brain of stressed fish. In the telencephalon of starved fish, the 5-HT concentration was significantly decreased. However, starvation had no effect on 5-HIAA concentrations or 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios in either the telencephalon or the brain stem. These results suggest that stress increases brain serotonergic activity in Arctic charr, while starvation has no effect on the utilization of this transmitter system. It is suggested that stress could be a mediator of the increased 5-HTAA levels and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios recently observed in low-ranking Arctic charr in a dominance hierarch.

Feeding behaviour, brain serotonergic activity levels, and energy reserves of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) within a dominance hierarchy

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Alanärä ◽  
Svante Winberg ◽  
Eva Brännäs ◽  
Anders Kiessling ◽  
Erik Höglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Serotonergic Activity

Feeding behaviour, brain serotonergic activity levels, and energy reserves of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) within a dominance hierarchy

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Alanärä ◽  
Svante Winberg ◽  
Eva Brännäs ◽  
Anders Kiessling ◽  
Erik Höglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
The Brain

The relationships between feeding activity, brain serotonergic activity level, and energy reserves in eight groups of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) were evaluated using self-feeders in combination with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Serotonin concentrations were measured in the brain stem, telencephalon, and hypothalamus. Energy reserves were measured, as fat levels, in muscle and mesenteric tissue. The self-feeding activity level was found to correlate positively (P < 0.05) with the growth rate and negatively (P < 0.05) with the serotonergic activity levels in the brain stem and telencephalon. No significant relationship was found, however, between the number of trigger activations and the muscle or mesenteric tissue lipid level. One or, in some cases, two fish in each group clearly dominated the activation of the trigger, and showed the highest growth rates and lowest stress levels, measured as brain serotonergic activity. Subordinate fish (one to three individuals) hardly ever activated the trigger, but showed relatively high growth rates and brain serotonergic activity levels that did not differ significantly from those of dominant fish. The remaining individuals showed very little feeding activity and low growth rates. In addition, brain serotonergic activity levels were significantly higher than in fish in the former two categories, indicating that the subordinate fish suffered from stress and had a low social rank.

First confirmation of salmonid alphavirus infection in Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and in Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
E Lewisch ◽  
T Frank ◽  
H Soliman ◽  
O Schachner ◽  
A Friedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Alphavirus Infection

Depth and temperature preference of anadromous Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus in the Kitikmeot Sea, a shallow and low-salinity area of the Canadian Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
LN Harris ◽  
DJ Yurkowski ◽  
MJH Gilbert ◽  
BGT Else ◽  
PJ Duke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Low Salinity

scholarly journals Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Klobucar ◽  
Jessica A. Rick ◽  
Elizabeth G. Mandeville ◽  
Catherine E. Wagner ◽  
Phaedra Budy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Arctic Alaska

Influence of Parr Growth, Lake Morphology, and Freshwater Parasites on the Degree of Anadromy in Different Populations of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) in Northern Norway

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Kristoffersen ◽  
Morten Halvorsen ◽  
Lisbeth Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Lake Morphology ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Profundal Zone

Anadromy of nine lake populations of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in northern Norway was scored on the following criteria: prevalence of marine parasites, fish size, and size at maturity. In general, anadromy dominated in shallow lakes and residency dominated in deep lakes. The anadromy scores of the populations were significantly higher in lakes without a profundal zone compared with lakes with a profundal zone. There was also a significant negative correlation between the relative volume of the profundal zone (RPV) and the degree of anadromy and between RPV and mean parr length at ages 2+ and 3+. However, differences in parr growth could not explain all the observed variation in anadromy, and the correlation between mean parr length at ages 2+ and 3+ and the degree of anadromy in the different populations was not significant. In addition to the effect on parr growth, lake morphology seemed to influence the degree of anadromy through the relative size of different habitats, which in turn affects the number of available niches. The parr weight/length relationship and infection with the freshwater parasites Phyllodistomum umblae and Diphyllobothrium spp. did not affect the degree of anadromy.

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