Particle identification at FCC-ee

AbstractEquipping an experiment at FCC-ee with particle identification (PID) capabilities, in particular the ability to distinguish between hadron species, would bring great benefits to the physics programme. Good PID is essential for precise studies in quark flavour physics and is also a great asset for many measurements in tau, top, and Higgs physics. The requirements placed by flavour physics and these other applications are surveyed, with an emphasis on the momentum range over which PID is necessary. Possible solutions are discussed, including classical RICH counters, time-of-flight systems, and dE/dx and cluster counting. Attention is paid to the impact on the global detector design that including PID capabilities would imply.

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Heavy-quark opportunities and challenges at FCC-ee

The European Physical Journal Plus ◽

10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01814-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 136 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Stéphane Monteil ◽

Guy Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Heavy Quark ◽

The Other ◽

Lorentz Boost ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Turn On ◽

Wide Range ◽

Belle Ii ◽

The Impact ◽

Flavour Physics ◽

Detector Design

AbstractThe abundant production of beauty and charm hadrons in the $$5 \times 10^{12}$$ 5 × 10 12 $$Z^0$$ Z 0 decays expected at FCC-ee offers outstanding opportunities in flavour physics that in general exceed those available at Belle II and are complementary to the heavy-flavour programme of the LHC. A wide range of measurements will be possible in heavy-flavour spectroscopy, rare decays of heavy-flavoured particles and $$C\!P$$ C P -violation studies, which will benefit from the low-background experimental environment, the high Lorentz boost and the availability of the full spectrum of hadron species. This essay first surveys the important questions in heavy-flavour physics and assesses the likely theoretical and experimental landscape at the turn-on of FCC-ee. From this certain, measurements are identified where the impact of FCC-ee will be particularly important. A full exploitation of the heavy-flavour potential of FCC-ee places specific constraints and challenges on detector design, which in some cases are in tension with those imposed by the other physics goals of the facility. These requirements and conflicts are discussed.

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Polyphenol Profiling of Chestnut Pericarp, Integument and Curing Water Extracts to Qualify These Food By-Products as a Source of Antioxidants

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2335

Author(s):

Gabriella Pinto ◽

Sabrina De Pascale ◽

Maria Aponte ◽

Andrea Scaloni ◽

Francesco Addeo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Tap Water ◽

Time Of Flight ◽

The Other ◽

Curing Process ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Water Curing ◽

The Impact ◽

By Products

Plant polyphenols have beneficial antioxidant effects on human health; practices aimed at preserving their content in foods and/or reusing food by-products are encouraged. The impact of the traditional practice of the water curing procedure of chestnuts, which prevents insect/mould damage during storage, was studied to assess the release of polyphenols from the fruit. Metabolites extracted from pericarp and integument tissues or released in the medium from the water curing process were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-qTOF-MS). This identified: (i) condensed and hydrolyzable tannins made of (epi)catechin (procyanidins) and acid ellagic units in pericarp tissues; (ii) polyphenols made of gallocatechin and catechin units condensed with gallate (prodelphinidins) in integument counterparts; (iii) metabolites resembling those reported above in the wastewater from the chestnut curing process. Comparative experiments were also performed on aqueous media recovered from fruits treated with processes involving: (i) tap water; (ii) tap water containing an antifungal Lb. pentosus strain; (iii) wastewater from a previous curing treatment. These analyses indicated that the former treatment determines a 6–7-fold higher release of polyphenols in the curing water with respect to the other ones. This event has a negative impact on the luster of treated fruits but qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of antioxidants. Such a phenomenon does not occur in wastewater from the other curing processes, where the release of polyphenols was reduced, thus preserving the chestnut’s appearance. Polyphenol profiling measurements demonstrated that bacterial presence in water hampered the release of pericarp metabolites. This study provides a rationale to traditional processing practices on fruit appearance and qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of bioactive compounds for other nutraceutical applications.

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Time detector design for Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ToF-E ERDA)

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms ◽

10.1016/j.nimb.2018.11.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 450 ◽

pp. 385-389

Author(s):

Harry J. Whitlow ◽

Patrick Jeanneret ◽

Edouard Guibert ◽

Liping Wang ◽

Mathijs Van Der Meer

Keyword(s):

Time Of Flight ◽

Elastic Recoil ◽

Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis ◽

Elastic Recoil Detection ◽

Detection Analysis ◽

Detector Design

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An Assessment of the Impact of Incorporating Time-of-Flight Information into Clinical PET/CT Imaging

Journal of Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.2967/jnumed.109.068098 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 237-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 164

Author(s):

C. Lois ◽

B. W. Jakoby ◽

M. J. Long ◽

K. F. Hubner ◽

D. W. Barker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Of Flight ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

Pet Ct ◽

The Impact

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Exploring requirements and detector solutions for FCC-ee

The European Physical Journal Plus ◽

10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02141-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 136 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Patrizia Azzi ◽

Emmanuel Perez

Keyword(s):

Particle Identification ◽

Detector Performance ◽

Systematic Uncertainties ◽

Weakly Coupled ◽

New Concepts ◽

Statistical Precision ◽

Multiple Interaction ◽

The Stability ◽

The One ◽

Physics Programme

AbstractCircular colliders have the advantage of delivering collisions to multiple interaction points, which allow different detector designs to be studied and optimised—up to four for FCC-ee. On the one hand, the detectors must satisfy the constraints imposed by the invasive interaction region layout. On the other hand, the performance of heavy-flavour tagging, of particle identification, of tracking and particle-flow reconstruction, and of lepton, jet, missing energy and angular resolution, need to match the physics programme and the exquisite statistical precision offered by FCC-ee. During the FCC feasibility study (2021–2025), benchmark physics processes will be used to determine, via appropriate simulations, the requirements on the detector performance or design that must be satisfied to ensure that the systematic uncertainties of the measurements are commensurate with their statistical precision. The usage of the data themselves, in order to reach the challenging goals on the stability and on the alignment of the detector, in particular for the programme at and around the Z peak, will also be studied. In addition, the potential for discovering very weakly coupled new particles, in decays of Z or Higgs bosons, could motivate dedicated detector designs that would increase the efficiency for reconstructing the unusual signatures of such processes. These studies are crucial input to the further optimisation of the two concepts described in the FCC-ee conceptual design report, CLD and IDEA, and to the development of new concepts which might actually prove to be better adapted to the FCC-ee physics programme, or parts thereof.

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