Business models transformed by digitalization in contemporary art museums and galleries

In the 21st Century, the common features of the developing digital technol- ogy are compressed information, accelerated information management, big data, multiple interaction, personalization and uninterrupted access and convergence. These features are seen as factors that accelerate access to information, reduce some communication and cost expenses economically, speed up sales and marketing, provide visibility to institutions, and increase ideas and sharing. With the effects of digital technology Contemporary art museums and galleries have experienced digitalization processes in order to maintain their existence and achieve their goals. Digitalization is not limited to being a technical application, but it is a process that transforms contem- porary art institutions as a whole, especially in communication, institution- alism, branding, marketing, finance and sustainability. Therefore, digital technology requires to be available to institutions. Being a contemporary art institution requires being intellectually and technologically renewed in institutional, managerial and communicative terms. The mission and sustain- ability of art and art institutions should be ensured in harmony with technol- ogy. Therefore, new business models have been required in the digitalization processes in art institutions and the need for changing business models will increase as technology develops. Purpose of the study: To identify the new business models of contemporary art museums and galleries, and in parallel, the features they need in human resources, and to raise awareness on this issue. In this study, the hybrid structure of new business models needed in contemporary art institutions has been revealed as a whole. In the study, it has been revealed based on the examples and the viewpoints of authorized persons that, managerial digital strategies in contemporary art museums and galleries should contain the distinction specific to art. The main result that emerged from the interviews is the hybrid structures of the new business models needed by contemporary art museums and galleries in the digital age, blended with digital technology and the knowledge of art management.

Diffusion with stochastic resetting of interacting particles emerging in a model of population genetics

In this paper we put forward a Generalized Ohta-Kimura ladder model (GOKM) which bears a strong liaison with the so-called jump-type Fleming-Viot process (JFVP). The novelty here, when we compare with the classical Ohta-Kimura model, is that we now have an operator which allows multiple interaction among the individuals. It has to do with a generalized branching mechanism: m individual types extinguish and one individual type splits into m copies. The system of evolution equations arising from GOKM can be seen as a system of n-dimensional Kolmogorov forward equations (or Fokker-Planck equations). Besides the interest in its own right a favorable feature of GOKM, vis-`a-vis JFVP, is that its analysis requires a more amenable armory of concepts and mathematical technique to analyze some relevant issues such as correlation, indistinguishability of individuals and stationarity. In addition, as a by product, we show that the connection between Ohta-Kimura Model and diffusion with resetting, as previously structured in [6], can be extended to our setting.

Detecting Lies is a Child (Robot)’s Play: Gaze-Based Lie Detection in HRI

Robots destined to tasks like teaching or caregiving have to build a long-lasting social rapport with their human partners. This requires, from the robot side, to be capable of assessing whether the partner is trustworthy. To this aim a robot should be able to assess whether someone is lying or not, while preserving the pleasantness of the social interaction. We present an approach to promptly detect lies based on the pupil dilation, as intrinsic marker of the lie-associated cognitive load that can be applied in an ecological human–robot interaction, autonomously led by a robot. We demonstrated the validity of the approach with an experiment, in which the iCub humanoid robot engages the human partner by playing the role of a magician in a card game and detects in real-time the partner deceptive behavior. On top of that, we show how the robot can leverage on the gained knowledge about the deceptive behavior of each human partner, to better detect subsequent lies of that individual. Also, we explore whether machine learning models could improve lie detection performances for both known individuals (within-participants) over multiple interaction with the same partner, and with novel partners (between-participant). The proposed setup, interaction and models enable iCub to understand when its partners are lying, which is a fundamental skill for evaluating their trustworthiness and hence improving social human–robot interaction.

Exploring requirements and detector solutions for FCC-ee

Circular colliders have the advantage of delivering collisions to multiple interaction points, which allow different detector designs to be studied and optimised—up to four for FCC-ee. On the one hand, the detectors must satisfy the constraints imposed by the invasive interaction region layout. On the other hand, the performance of heavy-flavour tagging, of particle identification, of tracking and particle-flow reconstruction, and of lepton, jet, missing energy and angular resolution, need to match the physics programme and the exquisite statistical precision offered by FCC-ee. During the FCC feasibility study (2021–2025), benchmark physics processes will be used to determine, via appropriate simulations, the requirements on the detector performance or design that must be satisfied to ensure that the systematic uncertainties of the measurements are commensurate with their statistical precision. The usage of the data themselves, in order to reach the challenging goals on the stability and on the alignment of the detector, in particular for the programme at and around the Z peak, will also be studied. In addition, the potential for discovering very weakly coupled new particles, in decays of Z or Higgs bosons, could motivate dedicated detector designs that would increase the efficiency for reconstructing the unusual signatures of such processes. These studies are crucial input to the further optimisation of the two concepts described in the FCC-ee conceptual design report, CLD and IDEA, and to the development of new concepts which might actually prove to be better adapted to the FCC-ee physics programme, or parts thereof.

Structuring total angular momentum of light along the propagation direction with polarization-controlled meta-optics

Recent advances in wavefront shaping have enabled complex classes of Structured Light which carry spin and orbital angular momentum, offering new tools for light-matter interaction, communications, and imaging. Controlling both components of angular momentum along the propagation direction can potentially extend such applications to 3D. However, beams of this kind have previously been realized using bench-top setups, requiring multiple interaction with light of a fixed input polarization, thus impeding their widespread applications. Here, we introduce two classes of metasurfaces that lift these constraints, namely: i) polarization-switchable plates that couple any pair of orthogonal polarizations to two vortices in which the magnitude and/or sense of vorticity vary locally with propagation, and ii) versatile plates that can structure both components of angular momentum, spin and orbital, independently, along the optical path while operating on incident light of any polarization. Compact and integrated devices of this type can advance light-matter interaction and imaging and may enable applications that are not accessible via other wavefront shaping tools.

Efficient Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from an Aquatic System Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported by Ramie Biochar

In this study, ramie biochar (RBC) was used to activate nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) to enhance hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal. The best results were obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, a biochar particle size of < 150 μm, and an iron to carbon ratio = 1:1. Under the optimal conditions, the removal of Cr(VI) by RBC600-nZVI (98.69%) was much greater than that of RBC600 (12.42%) and nZVI (58.26%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the reaction mechanism at the Fe and Cr interface was a multiple interaction mechanism with reduction dominated, adsorption, and co-precipitation simultaneously. The enhanced performance of RBC600-nZVI resulted from the effective dispersion of nZVI on the surface of RBC600, therefore increasing the adsorption activity sites. At the same time, RBC600 and nZVI exerted a synergistic influence on the composite structure, which jointly promoted the reduction reaction of Cr(VI) and removed more Cr(VI). This study shows that RBC-nZVI is a potentially valuable remediation material that not only provides a new idea for the utilization of ramie waste, but also effectively overcomes the limitations of nZVI, thus, achieving efficient and rapid remediation of Cr(VI).

Socially Aware Navigation: A Non-linear Multi-objective Optimization Approach

Mobile robots are increasingly populating homes, hospitals, shopping malls, factory floors, and other human environments. Human society has social norms that people mutually accept; obeying these norms is an essential signal that someone is participating socially with respect to the rest of the population. For robots to be socially compatible with humans, it is crucial for robots to obey these social norms. In prior work, we demonstrated a Socially-Aware Navigation (SAN) planner, based on Pareto Concavity Elimination Transformation (PaCcET), in a hallway scenario, optimizing two objectives so the robot does not invade the personal space of people. This article extends our PaCcET-based SAN planner to multiple scenarios with more than two objectives. We modified the Robot Operating System’s (ROS) navigation stack to include PaCcET in the local planning task. We show that our approach can accommodate multiple Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios. Using the proposed approach, we achieved successful HRI in multiple scenarios such as hallway interactions, an art gallery, waiting in a queue, and interacting with a group. We implemented our method on a simulated PR2 robot in a 2D simulator (Stage) and a pioneer-3DX mobile robot in the real-world to validate all the scenarios. A comprehensive set of experiments shows that our approach can handle multiple interaction scenarios on both holonomic and non-holonomic robots; hence, it can be a viable option for a Unified Socially-Aware Navigation (USAN).