scholarly journals Dynamics of composite nonlinear systems and materials for engineering applications and energy harvesting – The role of nonlinear dynamics and complexity in new developments

2013 ◽  
Vol 222 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Litak ◽  
E. Manoach
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Nonlinear Systems ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
New Developments

scholarly journals Microbiomes attached to fresh perennial ryegrass are temporally resilient and adapt to changing ecological niches

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Huws ◽  
Joan E. Edwards ◽  
Wanchang Lin ◽  
Francesco Rubino ◽  
Mark Alston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Carbohydrate Degradation ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Role Based ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Gut microbiomes, such as the rumen, greatly influence host nutrition due to their feed energy-harvesting capacity. We investigated temporal ecological interactions facilitating energy harvesting at the fresh perennial ryegrass (PRG)-biofilm interface in the rumen using an in sacco approach and prokaryotic metatranscriptomic profiling. Results Network analysis identified two distinct sub-microbiomes primarily representing primary (≤ 4 h) and secondary (≥ 4 h) colonisation phases and the most transcriptionally active bacterial families (i.e Fibrobacteriaceae, Selemondaceae and Methanobacteriaceae) did not interact with either sub-microbiome, indicating non-cooperative behaviour. Conversely, Prevotellaceae had most transcriptional activity within the primary sub-microbiome (focussed on protein metabolism) and Lachnospiraceae within the secondary sub-microbiome (focussed on carbohydrate degradation). Putative keystone taxa, with low transcriptional activity, were identified within both sub-microbiomes, highlighting the important synergistic role of minor bacterial families; however, we hypothesise that they may be ‘cheating’ in order to capitalise on the energy-harvesting capacity of other microbes. In terms of chemical cues underlying transition from primary to secondary colonisation phases, we suggest that AI-2-based quorum sensing plays a role, based on LuxS gene expression data, coupled with changes in PRG chemistry. Conclusions In summary, we show that fresh PRG-attached prokaryotes are resilient and adapt quickly to changing niches. This study provides the first major insight into the complex temporal ecological interactions occurring at the plant-biofilm interface within the rumen. The study also provides valuable insights into potential plant breeding strategies for development of the utopian plant, allowing optimal sustainable production of ruminants.

scholarly journals Emerging Silk Material Trends: Repurposing, Phase Separation and Solution-Based Designs

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
F. Philipp Seib
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Induced Crystallization ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Silk continues to amaze. This review unravels the most recent progress in silk science, spanning from fundamental insights to medical silks. Key advances in silk flow are examined, with specific reference to the role of metal ions in switching silk from a storage to a spinning state. Orthogonal thermoplastic silk molding is described, as is the transfer of silk flow principles for the triggering of flow-induced crystallization in other non-silk polymers. Other exciting new developments include silk-inspired liquid–liquid phase separation for non-canonical fiber formation and the creation of “silk organelles” in live cells. This review closes by examining the role of silk fabrics in fashioning facemasks in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

scholarly journals New Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Its Engineering Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwole Daniel Makinde ◽  
Waqar Ahmed Khan ◽  
Tirivanhu Chinyoka
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
New Developments

scholarly journals New developments in the management of advanced melanoma – role of pembrolizumab

2015 ◽  
pp. 2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Improta ◽  
Isabella Leone ◽  
Marco Donia ◽  
Stefania Gieri ◽  
Giuseppe Pelosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Melanoma ◽  
New Developments

scholarly journals The Hygiene Hypothesis and New Perspectives—Current Challenges Meeting an Old Postulate

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Garn ◽  
Daniel Piotr Potaczek ◽  
Petra Ina Pfefferle
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Hygiene Hypothesis ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Asthma Phenotypes ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells

During its 30 years history, the Hygiene Hypothesis has shown itself to be adaptable whenever it has been challenged by new scientific developments and this is a still a continuously ongoing process. In this regard, the mini review aims to discuss some selected new developments in relation to their impact on further fine-tuning and expansion of the Hygiene Hypothesis. This will include the role of recently discovered classes of innate and adaptive immune cells that challenges the old Th1/Th2 paradigm, the applicability of the Hygiene Hypothesis to newly identified allergy/asthma phenotypes with diverse underlying pathomechanistic endotypes, and the increasing knowledge derived from epigenetic studies that leads to better understanding of mechanisms involved in the translation of environmental impacts on biological systems. Further, we discuss in brief the expansion of the Hygiene Hypothesis to other disease areas like psychiatric disorders and cancer and conclude that the continuously developing Hygiene Hypothesis may provide a more generalized explanation for health burden in highly industrialized countries also relation to global changes.

scholarly journals Teacher Education and Development in Africa: A Modern Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Peter Wekesa Wamalwa ◽  
Edwin Nyongesa Masibo
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Teacher Education Programme ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
Education And Society ◽  
The Relationship

Teacher education programme is a critical component of education and the life of any society. It normally lays the very foundations of the society. It spurs and pushes the various aspects of development in the society through well-established culture and character of such a society. But for this programme of education to perform this development function efficiently it must be well designed, developed and constantly reformed and modernized so as to keep it abreast with the emerging issues both in education and society. This process is only possible through the conduct of regular studies in education and society to establish new developments and also facilitate the generation of relevant innovations to promote the quality of Teacher education programme. However, there is no evidence that such a process has ever been initiated and conducted in Teacher education programme since the inception of this programme in modern Africa. This paper is designed to explore the importance of Teacher education programme in modern Africa, the relationship between Teacher education programme and development in modern Africa, the roe of this programme in modern Africa, strategies of harnessing the programme for development in modern Africa and the challenges of the programme in modern Africa. This narrative is likely to shade light on the need of Teacher education programme in development in modern Africa and the role of innovative research in this process. Hence, set in motion the desired development in modern Africa.

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