Controls on Oil and Gas Occurrence: Sedimentary Basins and Plate Tectonics

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-90
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Gas Occurrence

scholarly journals Deep Structure, Tectonics and Petroleum Potential of the Western Sector of the Russian Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Egorov ◽  
Oleg M. Prischepa ◽  
Yury V. Nefedov ◽  
Vladimir A. Kontorovich ◽  
Ilya Y. Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Petroleum Potential ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic ◽  
Tectonic Scheme

The evolutionary-genetic method, whereby modern sedimentary basins are interpreted as end-products of a long geological evolution of a system of conjugate palaeo-basins, enables the assessment of the petroleum potential of the Western sector of the Russian Arctic. Modern basins in this region contain relics of palaeo-basins of a certain tectonotype formed in varying geodynamic regimes. Petroleum potential estimates of the Western Arctic vary broadly—from 34.7 to more than 100 billion tons of oil equivalent with the share of liquid hydrocarbons from 5.3 to 13.4 billion tons of oil equivalent. At each stage of the development of palaeo-basins, favourable geological, geochemical and thermobaric conditions have emerged and determined the processes of oil and gas formation, migration, accumulation, and subsequent redistribution between different complexes. The most recent stage of basin formation is of crucial importance for the modern distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations. The primary evolutionary-genetic sequence associated with the oil and gas formation regime of a certain type is crucial for the assessment of petroleum potential. Tectonic schemes of individual crustal layers of the Western sector of the Russian Arctic have been compiled based on the interpretation of several seismic data sets. These schemes are accompanied by cross-sections of the Earth’s crust alongside reference geophysical profiles (geo-traverses). A tectonic scheme of the consolidated basement shows the location and nature of tectonic boundaries of cratons and platform plates with Grenvillian basement as well as Baikalian, Caledonian, Hercynian, and Early Cimmerian fold areas. Four groups of sedimentary basins are distinguished on the tectonic scheme of the platform cover according to the age of its formation: (1) Riphean-Mesozoic on the Early Precambrian basement; (2) Paleozoic-Cenozoic on the Baikalian and Grenvillian basements; (3) Late Paleozoic-Cenozoic on the Caledonian basement; (4) Mesozoic-Cenozoic, overlying a consolidated basement of different ages. Fragments of reference sections along geo-traverses illustrate features of the deep structure of the main geo-structures of the Arctic shelf and continental regions of polar Russia.

Earth's energy “Golden Zone”: a synthesis from mineralogical research

Clay Minerals ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Permeability Evolution ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Fundamental Particle ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of diagenetic processes on petroleum entrapment and recovery efficiency has focused the vast majority of the world's conventional oil and gas resources into relatively narrow thermal intervals, which we call Earth's energy “Golden Zone”. Two key mineralogical research breakthroughs, mainly from the North Sea, underpinned this discovery. The first is the fundamental particle theory of clay mineralogy, which showed the importance of dissolution/precipitation mechanisms in the formation of diagenetic illitic clays with increasing depth and temperature. The second is the surface area precipitation-rate-controlled models for the formation of diagenetic cements, primarily quartz, in reservoirs. Understanding the impacts of these geological processes on permeability evolution, porosity loss, overpressure development, and fluid migration in the subsurface, lead to the realization that exploration and production risks are exponential functions of reservoir temperature. Global compilations of oil/gas reserves relative to reservoir temperature, including the US Gulf Coast, have verified the “Golden Zone” concept, as well as stimulated further research to determine in greater detail the geological/mineralogical controls on petroleum migration and entrapment efficiency within the Earth's sedimentary basins.

Main directions of searching for hydrocarbons in Nadym-Pursk oil and gas region

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Y. I. Gladysheva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Field Development ◽  
The North ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits

Nadym-Pursk oil and gas region has been one of the main areas for the production of hydrocarbon raw materials since the sixties of the last century. A significant part of hydrocarbon deposits is at the final stage of field development. An increase in gas and oil production is possible subject to the discovery of new fields. The search for new hydrocarbon deposits must be carried out taking into account an integrated research approach, primarily the interpretation of seismic exploration, the creation of geological models of sedimentary basins, the study of geodynamic processes and thermobaric parameters. Statistical analysis of geological parameters of oil and gas bearing complexes revealed that the most promising direction of search are active zones — blocks with the maximum sedimentary section and accumulation rate. In these zones abnormal reservoir pressures and high reservoir temperatures are recorded. The Cretaceous oil and gas megacomplex is one of the main prospecting targets. New discovery of hydrocarbon deposits are associated with both additional exploration of old fields and the search for new prospects on the shelf of the north. An important area of geological exploration is the productive layer of the Lower-Berezovskaya subformation, in which gas deposits were discovered in unconventional reservoirs.

Research for the Upstream Petroleum Sector: The Crown Research Institute Concept

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
J M Beggs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Petroleum Sector ◽  
Geological Sciences ◽  
Research Institute

New Zealand's scientific institutions have been restructured so as to be more responsive to the needs of the economy. Exploration for and development of oil and gas resources depend heavily on the geological sciences. In New Zealand, these activities are favoured by a comprehensive, open-file database of the results of previous work, and by a historically publicly funded, in-depth knowledge base of the extensive sedimentary basins. This expertise is now only partially funded by government research contracts, and increasingly undertakes contract work in a range of scientific services to the upstream petroleum sector, both in New Zealand and overseas. By aligning government-funded research programmes with the industry's knowledge needs, there is maximum advantage in improving the understanding of the occurrence of oil and gas resources. A Crown Research Institute can serve as an interface between advances in fundamental geological sciences, and the practical needs of the industry. Current publicly funded programmes of the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences include a series of regional basin studies, nearing completion; and multi-disciplinary team studies related to the various elements of the petroleum systems of New Zealand: source rocks and their maturation, migration and entrapment as a function of basin structure and tectonics, and the distribution and configuration of reservoir systems.

scholarly journals Prediction of Oil and Gas Occurrence in the Southern Part of Perm Krai Based on Regional 3D Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-330
Author(s):  
Aleksey L. Yuzhakov ◽  
◽  
Ivan S. Putilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Linear Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Individual Probability ◽  
Gas Occurrence ◽  
Perm Krai

The territory of the southern part of Perm Krai is well studied in terms of oil and gas prospecting. About 150 oil and gas fields have been discovered there, over 7000 deep wells have been drilled, and 3D seismic surveys have been completed on the area exceeding 5000 km2. The state of exploration of the territory allows us to have an immense array of geologic information, which can be used to search and predict oil and gas occurrence in structures that remain left out or that have not been studied yet. The research area was limited by the confines of Perm Krai in the south, west, and east and by a conventional line in the north along the boundary of the completed seismic surveys. To study the territory based on the reflecting horizon surface of Perm Krai, a 3D geological model has been built within IRAPRMS software system. The model calculates a regional, a zonal and local constituents of the reflecting horizon of Perm Krai. The local constituent allowed us to single out structures divided into three categories: structures of ascertained oil and gas occurrence, structures that do not contain oil and gas (empty), and structures for which a prediction is needed. In the model, structural parameters representing a trap potential for the accumulation and retention of hydrocarbons were calculated. Moreover, geochemical parameters showing a generation potential and a migration constituent, as well as hydrogeological parameters as indirect data to determine the saturation of structures with hydrocarbons, were downloaded into the model. The obtained data about the importance of each parameter for all structures allowed us to generate a single database and predict oil and gas occurrence by the machine learning method, i.e. through the step-bystep linear discriminant analysis. Based on the results of the linear discriminant analysis, 138 predicted structures were arranged in groups in accordance with degrees of their potential. By applying the built individual probability models, a map of the regional probability of structures’ saturation with hydrocarbons was obtained; this map served as a basis and amendment of oil and gas geological zoning boundaries of the southern part of Perm Krai.

scholarly journals GEOCHEMICAL AND GEOSTATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF CRETACEOUS COALS AND SHALES IN SOME NIGERAIN SEDIMENTARY BASINS FOR THEIR HYDROCARBON PRONESS AND MATURITY LEVELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
The Impact

The Rock–Eval pyrolysis and LECO analysis for 9 shale and 12 coal samples, as well as, geostatistical analysis have been used to investigate source rock characteristics, correlation between the assessed parameters (QI, BI, S1, S2, S3, HI, S1 + S2, OI, PI, TOC) and the impact of changes in the Tmax on the assessed parameters in the Cretaceous Sokoto, Anambra Basins and Middle Benue Trough of northwestern, southeastern and northcentral Nigeria respectively. The geochemical results point that about 97% of the samples have TOC values greater than the minimum limit value (0.5 wt %) required to induce hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. Meanwhile, the Dukamaje and Taloka shales and Lafia/Obi coal are found to be fair to good source rock for oil generation with slightly higher thermal maturation. The source rocks are generally immature through sub-mature to marginal mature with respect to the oil and gas window, while the potential source rocks from the Anambra Basin are generally sub-mature grading to mature within the oil window. The analyzed data were approached statistically to find some relations such as factors, and clusters concerning the examination of the source rocks. These factors were categorized into type of organic matter and organic richness, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potency. In addendum, cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two groups. The source rocks characterized by HI >240 (mg/g), TOC from 58.89 to 66.43 wt %, S1 from 2.01 to 2.54 (mg/g) and S2 from 148.94 to 162.52 (mg/g) indicating good to excellent source rocks with kerogen of type II and type III and are capable of generating oil and gas. Followed by the Source rocks characterized by HI <240 (mg/g), TOC from 0.94 to 36.12 wt%, S1 from 0.14 to 0.72 (mg/g) and S2 from 0.14 to 20.38 (mg/g) indicating poor to good source rocks with kerogen of type III and are capable of generating gas. Howeverr, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis shows a significant positive correlation between TOC and S1, S2 and HI and no correlation between TOC and Tmax, highly negative correlation between TOC and OI and no correlation between Tmax and HI. Keywords- Cretaceous, Geochemical, Statistical, Cluster; Factor analyses.

scholarly journals Modeling of hydrocarbon systems and quantitative assessment of the hydrocarbon potential of Eastern Arctic seas

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
E. A. Lavrenova ◽  
Yu. V. Shcherbina ◽  
R. A. Mamedov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Flow Maps ◽  
Assessment Factor

Background. Three prospective sedimentary complexes — Aptian-Upper Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene — are predicted in the waters of the Eastern Arctic seas. Here, the search for oil and gas is associated with harsh Arctic conditions at sea, as well as with high geological risks and significant expenditures under the conditions of poor knowledge of the region. In this regard, the localisation of prospecting drilling objects and the assessment of the geological risks of deposit discovery should be carried out.Aim. To assess geological risks and to determine the probability of discovering oil and gas fields, as well as to identify prospective areas for licensing and exploration in the water areas of the Eastern Arctic.Materials and methods. Structural and heat flow maps along with the results of geochemical analysis, as well as typical terrestrial sections were used as initial materials. Using the method of basin analysis, the modelling of generation-accumulation hydrocarbon systems (GAHS) and the quantitative assessment of its hydrocarbon potential in the Eastern Arctic water area was carried out. The assessment of geological risks and the probability of field discovery was performed using the conventional methodology widely applied by oil companies.Results. The GAHS modelling using a variation approach showed that, regardless of the kerogen type, with average values of Сorg in sediments, potential oil-and-gas source strata (OGSS) were capable of saturating the prospective objects with hydrocarbons. The “OGSS assessment” factor was determined as “encouraging” (0.7). Active geodynamic regime and the manifestation of several folding phases within the study area provided favourable conditions for the formation of anticlinaltraps in sedimentary basins. However, the cap rock quality rating was assessed as “neutral” (0.5). The overall risk for the “Trap assessment” factor was estimated based on the minimum criterion of 0.5.Conclusion. The most prospective areas recommended for licensing were selected, and the recommendations for further geological exploration work in these areas were given in order to clarify their hydrocarbon potential and reduce geological risks.

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