HOW DOES FOREIGN R&D AFFECT OECD EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1850011
Author(s):  
WUN-JI JIANG ◽  
YIR-HUEIH LUH ◽  
SZU-CHI HUANG
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
International Technology Diffusion ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Close Relationship

This study is motivated by the observation that there are two East Asian countries, South Korea and China, emerging as major R&D players in the world during the past two decades. In addition to spillovers originated from the traditional R&D countries, the present study incorporates both direct and indirect spillovers from South Korea and China into the determination of the export performance of the OECD countries. The theoretical justification for the linkages of trade-related spillovers to export competitiveness is outlined in the theoretical model extended from [Keller, W (2004). International technology diffusion. Journal of Economic Literature, 42, 752–782.]. Our empirical investigation is focused on assessing the association of spillovers with both the capacity and technological content of export. To this end, the empirical model linking R&D spillovers to a composite measure of export competitiveness is constructed. Our results indicate the persistence of the two East Asian major R&D players in influencing the export capacity and technological content of the OECD countries. The results in turn suggest that maintaining a close relationship with South Korea and China can mitigate the competitiveness–dampening effect resulting from the R&D activities of large industrialized countries.

Defamilisation of Twenty-Two Countries: Its Implications for the Study of East Asian Welfare Regime

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby C. M. Chau ◽  
Sam W. K. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Welfare Systems

Two analytical tasks have been conducted in this article. The first is to construct a defamilisation typology that covers eighteen OECD members and four tiger economies (namely Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore). The second is to demonstrate this typology's contribution to the debate on the existence of two essential preconditions for the development of an all-encompassing East Asian welfare regime: (1) the existence of significant differences in the welfare systems between the East Asian countries and the non-East Asian OECD countries; and (2) the existence of significant similarities in the welfare systems of the East Asian countries.

Regional Versus Global Risk Sharing in East Asia

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Sunghyun H. Kim ◽  
Yunjong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Degree Of Risk

This paper estimates the degree of risk sharing for each of 10 East Asian countries with countries in the region and with OECD countries by using cross-country consumption correlations and formal regression analysis. Risk sharing is found to be far from complete and quite low for most of the countries. Taiwan and Singapore have the highest risk sharing. Indonesia and Malaysia have the lowest (and significantly negative) risk sharing. The degree of risk sharing does not increase in most countries over 1970–2000. For the less-developed countries, potential gains from risk sharing would be larger with OECD countries than with East Asian countries.

Presidents Have Problems Too: The Logic of Intra-branch Delegation in East Asian Democracies

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEEYANG RHEE BAUM
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Ability To Act

This article addresses the codification of formal rules and procedures of governance through Administrative Procedure Acts (APAs). The recent enactment of APAs in two new democracies, South Korea and Taiwan, highlights an apparent paradox. Because administrative reform limits the executive's power, it is clear why legislatures in separation-of-power systems would favour APAs. But it is less clear why presidents would support them. Why would a president accept a law designed to restrict her ability to act freely? The answer is that presidents have agency problems too. The more intra-branch conflict they face during their administrations, the more likely they will support administrative reform. Thus, instead of tying the hands of future administrations, presidents also use APAs to overcome current control problems. Three recently democratized East Asian countries, two with APAs (South Korea and Taiwan) and one without (Philippines), support this ‘reining in’ theory. Conflict within the executive branch may be an important ingredient in democratic consolidation. APAs result from political struggle.

scholarly journals Full-Time Employment and Marital Satisfaction among Women in East Asian Societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Hori
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Using the 2006 East Asian Social Survey, the current study examines the relationship between wives’ employment status and their marital satisfaction in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The results show that full-time housewives are more satisfied as compared to full-time employed wives in Taiwan, while part-time employed wives are less satisfied than full-time employed wives in China. Wives’ marital satisfaction is also associated with their gender role attitudes, husband’s housework participation, and a number of family members in Japan and South Korea. The relationship between wives’ employment and their marital satisfaction varies even among four East Asian countries, where gender climate is relatively similar.

scholarly journals Medical Education in East Asia: Past and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
History Of

This collection of essays in Medical Education in East Asia: Past and Future outlines the history of medical education in five East Asian countries and territories: China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.

scholarly journals Kepentingan Amerika Serikat dalam Proses Denuklirisasi Korea Utara

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javira Ardiani ◽  
Bima Jon Nanda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Research Method ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Qualitative Research Method

The United States is a country that seeks to realize denuclearization in KoreanPeninsula. Though the United States is not a party that will be directly threatenedbecause the United States have more stronger nuclear capability than NorthKorea’s nuclear. This study aims to describe the interests of the United States as aStatus Quo State in the process of denuclearization of North Korea. The conceptualframework used by this study is Randall L. Schweller's Range of State Interestconcept. This research uses a qualitative research method with descriptiveanalytical research that uses secondary data. Based on the concept of Range ofState Interest, this research found that the United States as a 'Lion' country has aninterest in maximizing security which includes maintaining its identity as a nuclearpossession country, maintaining trade with East Asian countries, and improvinggovernmental functions. Whereas in maintaining its position, the United States hasan interest in maintaining its alliance with South Korea and Japan, maintainingprestige for world peace, and realizing CVID (Complete, Verifiable, andIrreversible Dismantlement) or full denuclearization.

scholarly journals The Adaptive Developmental State in East Asia

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Wong
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Sharp Turn ◽  
Crony Capitalism ◽  
Policy Communities ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

In 1997, several of Asia's economies collapsed and the international community was called in to help mend the ailing region. The crisis attracted a great deal of attention among both the scholarly and policy communities. At that time, it seemed that the Asian miracle had come to an abrupt end. Places such as South Korea enjoyed a prosperous run though suffered a dubious demise. Later developers in Southeast Asia and China, having just emerged from out of the starting gate, quickly stalled in their attempts to ride the wave of Asia's postwar economic dynamism. Fortunately, things would not remain dour for too long. Some countries, such as Taiwan and Japan, made it through the crisis relatively unscathed. Both China and South Korea quickly rebounded. Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand, adapted and have consequently begun new growth trajectories. In the end, it seemed that the most severe and lasting casualty of the 1997 crisis was the East Asian developmental state model itself. To be sure, the more recent literatures on East Asian political economy have taken a sharp turn, wherein terms like “booty capitalism” and “crony capitalism” have quickly come to replace more laudatory titles such as the “East Asian Miracle.”

Emissions and trade in Southeast and East Asian countries: a panel co-integration analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansor H. Ibrahim ◽  
Syed Aun R. Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the implication of trade on carbon emissions in a panel of eight highly trading Southeast and East Asian countries, namely, China, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Hong Kong, The Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis relies on the standard quadratic environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) extended to include energy consumption and international trade. A battery of panel unit root and co-integration tests is applied to establish the variables’ stochastic properties and their long-run relations. Then, the specified EKC is estimated using the panel dynamic ordinary least square (OLS) estimation technique. Findings – The panel co-integration statistics verifies the validity of the extended EKC for the countries under study. Estimation of the long-run EKC via the dynamic OLS estimation method reveals the environmentally degrading effects of trade in these countries, especially in ASEAN and plus South Korea and Hong Kong. Practical implications – These countries are heavily dependent on trade for their development processes, and as such, their impacts on CO2 emissions would be highly relevant for assessing their trade policies, along the line of the gain-from-trade hypothesis, the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and the pollution-safe-haven hypothesis. Originality/value – The analysis adds to existing literature by focusing on the highly trading nations of Southeast and East Asian countries. The results suggest that reassessment of trade policies in these countries is much needed and it must go beyond the sole pursuit of economic development via trade.

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