Remarkably High-Performance Nanosheet GeSn Thin-Film Transistor

High-performance p-type thin-film transistors (pTFTs) are crucial for realizing low-power display-on-panel and monolithic three-dimensional integrated circuits. Unfortunately, it is difficult to achieve a high hole mobility of greater than 10 cm2/V·s, even for SnO TFTs with a unique single-hole band and a small hole effective mass. In this paper, we demonstrate a high-performance GeSn pTFT with a high field-effect hole mobility (μFE), of 41.8 cm2/V·s; a sharp turn-on subthreshold slope (SS), of 311 mV/dec, for low-voltage operation; and a large on-current/off-current (ION/IOFF) value, of 8.9 × 106. This remarkably high ION/IOFF is achieved using an ultra-thin nanosheet GeSn, with a thickness of only 7 nm. Although an even higher hole mobility (103.8 cm2/V·s) was obtained with a thicker GeSn channel, the IOFF increased rapidly and the poor ION/IOFF (75) was unsuitable for transistor applications. The high mobility is due to the small hole effective mass of GeSn, which is supported by first-principles electronic structure calculations.

Research on the speed thresholds of trucks in a sharp turn based on dynamic rollover risk levels

Truck rollover is a problem that seriously endangers the safety of human life. Under special conditions, when the driver takes a sharp turn, the truck is most prone to rollover. Speed seriously affects the driving stability of the truck in a sharp turn, but the calculation of the safe speed is not accurate enough at present. The aim of this paper is to develop a more accurate safe speed calculation method to avoid the truck rollover in a sharp turn. Firstly, the calculation formula of the rollover threshold was derived based on a theoretical model, then, the simulation tests were carried out. We selected a 4-axle truck with a total weight of 30t as the subject, simulated the dynamic process of the truck rollover in a sharp turn with TruckSim, evaluated the dynamic rollover risk levels of the truck during this process, and verified the accuracy of the simulation results by results of the theoretical model. Finally, by analyzing the steering principle of the vehicle, the safe speed threshold and the limit speed threshold of the truck in a sharp turn were calculated according to the lateral acceleration corresponding to the rollover risk levels. The results show that no matter what the loading condition of the truck is, when the rollover margin is reduced to about 0.15g, the truck just reaches the risk level of critical rollover; the result provides an accurate algorithm for speed thresholds of the truck when turning radius is less than 250 m. The research provides a calculation method for safe speed of trucks from a dynamic perspective. The research results can be applied to the speed warning system of trucks, which can make drivers better control the rollover risk of trucks in the process of driving and improve driving safety.

A Lightweight Localization Strategy for LiDAR-Guided Autonomous Robots with Artificial Landmarks

This paper proposes and implements a lightweight, “real-time” localization system (SORLA) with artificial landmarks (reflectors), which only uses LiDAR data for the laser odometer compensation in the case of high-speed or sharp-turning. Theoretically, due to the feature-matching mechanism of the LiDAR, locations of multiple reflectors and the reflector layout are not limited by geometrical relation. A series of algorithms is implemented to find and track the features of the environment, such as the reflector localization method, the motion compensation technique, and the reflector matching optimization algorithm. The reflector extraction algorithm is used to identify the reflector candidates and estimates the precise center locations of the reflectors from 2D LiDAR data. The motion compensation algorithm predicts the potential velocity, location, and angle of the robot without odometer errors. Finally, the matching optimization algorithm searches the reflector combinations for the best matching score, which ensures that the correct reflector combination could be found during the high-speed movement and fast turning. All those mechanisms guarantee the algorithm’s precision and robustness in the high speed and noisy background. Our experimental results show that the SORLA algorithm has an average localization error of 6.45 mm at a speed of 0.4 m/s, and 9.87 mm at 4.2 m/s, and still works well with the angular velocity of 1.4 rad/s at a sharp turn. The recovery mechanism in the algorithm could handle the failure cases of reflector occlusion, and the long-term stability test of 72 h firmly proves the algorithm’s robustness. This work shows that the strategy used in the SORLA algorithm is feasible for industry-level navigation with high precision and a promising alternative solution for SLAM.

Operational effects of speed breakers: a case study in India

Traffic condition in India is highly heterogeneous consisting of vehicles of different static and dynamic characteristics. The speeds of all vehicles are non-uniform. Therefore, to regulate the speeds of different category of vehicles while travelling on a sharp turn or while approaching towards an intersection or buildings like schools and hospitals, traffic calming devices are provided on the roads. Speed breakers are one of the most commonly used traffic calming devices in developing countries like India. Geometry of the speed breakers are based on IRC 99 which says that the width of speed breakers should be 3.7 m and the height should be 0.1 m for urban roads. The codal provisions also suggest that the vehicles should be able to cross the speed breaker at an advisory speed of 20 kmph. However, it is observed that most of the speed breakers have faulty geometrical dimensions owing to various problems to the road users. The width of the speed breakers are usually observed to be narrowed down which increases the chance of road crashes due to sudden braking of vehicles encountering it. Further, it also leads to sudden slowing down of the whole traffic stream leading to traffic congestion. It also reduces fuel efficiency of the vehicles leading to overall increase in vehicle operating and maintenance costs. The present study reviews in detail the provisions provided in the IRC code for construction of speed breakers. Thereafter, a practical on field study is conducted to examine the dimensions of various speed breakers across various cities in India, and compare their dimensions with the provisions provided in the IRC code. Further, the operating speed of the vehicles while crossing the speed breaker is also noted down and compared with the suggested speed as provided in the code. Finally, a detailed comparison between speed reduction at the speed breaker and their dimensions has been analyzed. Speed reduction of different category of vehicles has also been examined in detail.

Effective Medium of Online Classroom Communication During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Covid-19 has changed the world for good. With people having reinvented their lives subject to the advent of the Coronavirus, humanity has taken a sharp turn. Educational delivery has been one of the primary areas that has practically witnessed an overnight transformation. From offline classroom-centric education, educational institutes suddenly turned towards online education for the sustenance of the teaching-learning process. As it is, online education was largely untested when it was introduced towards the beginning of the pandemic and both teachers and learners were all at sea. However, with time, like everything else, things were normalized and newer mechanisms were invented to make online classes more interactive and educative. It needs to be understood here that the technology that was used for the conduction of online classes existed even before the pandemic. However, most of these technologies were only sparingly used. However, Covid-19 hastened up the pace at which these technologies were internalized by educational institutions across the globe. In short, these technologies acted as the game changers in the field of education. Teachers, who initially found it difficult to cope with the sudden infusion of technologies, eventually made peace with the reformation. However, as online blended education is still a novel concept, teachers are experimenting with the medium and mode of communication in order to make the teaching-learning process more fruitful. The researcher in the given scenario has made an honest attempt to deconstruct this change and find out the pulse of the learners vis-à-vis the desirable communicating medium when it comes to online classroom communication. The current study is based on a survey conducted among undergraduate and postgraduate learners of a certain university.

The Future of the American Nationalist Movements

This chapter succinctly summarizes the contemporary American nationalist movement and examines the potential for future movements and implications of current movements, both domestically and internationally. The chapter unwraps the policy and political consequences that the global community (particularly the U.S.) faces as a result of a sharp turn inward to nationalist ideologies and political figures. The divisive nature of nationalism (whether it is its purest form in regards to the nation-state, or ethnically/racially motivated) is dangerous to the globalized order in which we reside. This chapter highlights these dangers and leaves the reader to determine the future of the American nationalist movement.

"INVESTOR RELATIONS AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BUSINESS" – THE TOPIC OF THE INTERUNIVERSITY INTERDISCIPLINARY ROUND TABLE HELD BY THE DEPARTMENT OF WORLD ECONOMY, FACULTY OF ECONOMICS, INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT AND LAW, RUSSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY FOR THE HUMANITIES ON FEBRUARY 25, 2021

The topic of the round table “Investor relations as a necessary condition for the development of modern business” attracted increased attention of specialists in connection with the aggravation of the investments attracting issue during the economic crisis provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time that interest reflects yet more fundamental factors – first of all, accelerated virtualization of economic life. It is not just about developing mechanisms for adapting to cyclical difficulties, but also developing new approaches in connection with the advancement of new investment priorities in the global economy. Now the most attractive projects for investors will be projects that meet the criteria of the environmental friendliness, social orientation and transparency in business management. At the same time, it does not only mean a sharp turn from the already established areas of interaction between companies and investors, but, on the contrary, requires the mobilization of all possible instruments of influence on investors within the framework of the already traditional areas of cooperation.

Description of Chinul’s Keeping an Eye on the Hwadu (Translation 3A) and Hyesim’s Diagnosing Illnesses (Supplementary Translation 3B)

Pojo Chinul’s (1158–1210) magnum opus, Excerpts, is dated 1209, a year before Chinul’s death. In the final portion of this text Chinul makes a sharp turn in his orientation: away from the doctrinal teachings of Hwaŏm and toward the huatou practice of Letters of Dahui. Chinul’s “full digestion” of Dahui-style huatou practice comes only with his posthumous Treatise on Resolving Uncertainty about Keeping an Eye on the Hwadu (Kanhwa kyŏrŭiron). However, one is probably on safer ground if one considers this little treatise as a work coauthored by Chinul and his chief disciple Chin’gak Hyesim (1178–1234), who inherited Chinul’s rough draft/notes and “finished” the project. Hyesim compiled another work entitled Diagnosing Illnesses, which focuses exclusively on the mu無‎ hwadu and Dahui’s ten illnesses associated with hwadu practice. This “Description” section is followed by a translation of both Keeping an Eye on the Hwadu and Diagnosing Illnesses.

GLOBAL SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE COORDINATES OF THE SOCIAL INNOVATION CONCEPT

The article examines the processes of recomposing and revising methodological, theoretical, applied principles and approaches to social and humanitarian knowledge that have emerged in recent decades within the whole world and in relation to Russian society. As the key circumstances, the author highlights a sharp turn in local and global development associated with the collapse of the USSR and the social transformation of the Eastern European states (social transit), rapid progress at the opposite pole (China, India). Other aspects such as the rapid development of social and humanitarian innovations, the deployment of a new wave of multipolar globalization, generating new social realities of the micro and macrostructural level are mentioned. All this is relevantly reflected in the concept of global social transformations supported by UNESCO and the corresponding MOST program that is implemented with the participation of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO.