THOUGHTS ON THE AREA THEOREM

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (16n17) ◽  
pp. 3111-3135 ◽  
Author(s):  
MU-IN PARK
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Kerr Black Hole ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Btz Black Hole ◽  
Area Theorem ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Higher Derivative

Hawking's area theorem can be understood from a quasistationary process in which a black hole accretes positive energy matter, independent of the details of the gravity action. I use this process to study the dynamics of the inner as well as the outer horizons for various black holes which include the recently discovered exotic black holes and three-dimensional black holes in higher derivative gravities as well as the usual Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli (BTZ) black hole and the Kerr black hole in four dimensions. I find that the area for the inner horizon "can decrease," rather than increase, with the quasistationary process. However, I find that the area for the outer horizon "never decrease" such as the usual area theorem still works in our examples, though this is quite nontrivial in general. I also find that the recently proposed new entropy formulae for the above mentioned, recently discovered black holes satisfy the second law of thermodynamics.

scholarly journals HORIZON MASS THEOREM

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2219-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUAN K. HA
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Uniqueness Theorem ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
General Theorem ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Singularity Theorem ◽  
Area Theorem ◽  
Classical Black Holes ◽  
The Uniqueness Theorem

A new theorem for black holes is found. It is called the horizon mass theorem. The horizon mass is the mass which cannot escape from the horizon of a black hole. For all black holes, neutral, charged or rotating, the horizon mass is always twice the irreducible mass observed at infinity. Previous theorems on black holes are: (i) the singularity theorem, (ii) the area theorem, (iii) the uniqueness theorem, (iv) the positive energy theorem. The horizon mass theorem is possibly the last general theorem for classical black holes. It is crucial for understanding Hawking radiation and for investigating processes occurring near the horizon.

scholarly journals UNITARITY ISSUE IN BTZ BLACK HOLES

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 1737-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. MYUNG ◽  
H. W. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Wave Equation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Btz Black Hole ◽  
Unitary Evolution ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Black Hole Spacetimes ◽  
Ads Spacetime ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

We study the wave equation for a massive scalar in three-dimensional AdS-black hole spacetimes to understand the unitarity issues in a semiclassical way. Here we introduce four interesting spacetimes: the non-rotating BTZ black hole (NBTZ), pure AdS spacetime (PADS), massless BTZ black hole (MBTZ), and extremal BTZ black hole (EBTZ). Our method is based on the potential analysis and solving the wave equation to find the condition for the frequency ω exactly. In the NBTZ case, one finds the quasinormal (complex and discrete) modes which signals for a non-unitary evolution. Real and discrete modes are found for the PADS case, which means that it is unitary obviously. On the other hand, we find real and continuous modes for the two extremal black holes of MBTZ and EBTZ. It suggests that these could be candidates for the unitary system.

scholarly journals Regular black holes and noncommutative geometry inspired fuzzy sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (14n15) ◽  
pp. 1650080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinpei Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Noncommutative Geometry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Formation Condition ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Regular Black Holes ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Dimensional Black Hole

We investigated regular black holes with fuzzy sources in three and four dimensions. The density distributions of such fuzzy sources are inspired by noncommutative geometry and given by Gaussian or generalized Gaussian functions. We utilized mass functions to give a physical interpretation of the horizon formation condition for the black holes. In particular, we investigated three-dimensional BTZ-like black holes and four-dimensional Schwarzschild-like black holes in detail, and found that the number of horizons is related to the space–time dimensions, and the existence of a void in the vicinity of the center of the space–time is significant, rather than noncommutativity. As an application, we considered a three-dimensional black hole with the fuzzy disc which is a disc-shaped region known in the context of noncommutative geometry as a source. We also analyzed a four-dimensional black hole with a source whose density distribution is an extension of the fuzzy disc, and investigated the horizon formation condition for it.

scholarly journals Critical behaviors of 3D black holes with a scalar hair

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Belhaj ◽  
M. Chabab ◽  
H. El Moumni ◽  
K. Masmar ◽  
M. B. Sedra
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Moduli Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Perfect Gas ◽  
Btz Black Hole ◽  
Scalar Hair ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Thermodynamic Pressure

The principal focus of the present work concerns the critical behaviors of a class of three-dimensional (3D) black holes with a scalar field hair. Since the cosmological constant is viewed as a thermodynamic pressure and its conjugate quantity as a volume, we examine such properties in terms of two parameters B and a. The latters are related to the scalar field and the angular momentum, respectively. In particular, we give the equation of state predicting a critical universal number depending on the (B, a) moduli space. In the vanishing limit of the B parameter, we recover the usual perfect gas behavior appearing in the case of the non-rotating BTZ black hole. We point out that in a generic region of the (B, a) moduli space, the model behaves like a Van der Waals system.

scholarly journals Throat quantization of the Schwarzschild-Tangherlini(-AdS) black hole

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Hideki Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Wkb Approximation ◽  
Btz Black Hole ◽  
Asymptotically Flat ◽  
Ads Black Holes ◽  
Arbitrary Dimensions

By the throat quantization pioneered by Louko and Mäkelä, we derive the mass and area/entropy spectra for the Schwarzschild-Tangherlini-type asymptotically flat or AdS vacuum black hole in arbitrary dimensions. Using the WKB approximation for black holes with large mass, we show that area/entropy is equally spaced for asymptotically flat black holes, while mass is equally spaced for asymptotically AdS black holes. Exact spectra can be obtained for toroidal AdS black holes in arbitrary dimensions including the three-dimensional BTZ black hole.

scholarly journals GAUSS-BONNET CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ENTROPY OF EXTREMAL BLACK HOLES IN THE GAUGE-GRAVITY SECTOR

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
ALAIN ULACIA REY
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Maxwell Theory ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Higher Derivative ◽  
Static Black Hole ◽  
Gauge Gravity ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

Using the Sen's mechanism we calculate the entropy for an AdS2 × Sd-2 extremal and static black hole in four dimensions, with higher derivative terms that comes from a three parameter non-minimal Einstein-Maxwell theory. The explicit results for Gauss-Bonnet in the gauge-gravity sector are shown.

scholarly journals Islands and Page curves of Reissner-Nordström black holes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanhua Wang ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Information Paradox ◽  
Extremal Surface ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Black Hole Information

Abstract We apply the recently proposed quantum extremal surface construction to calculate the Page curve of the eternal Reissner-Nordström black holes in four dimensions ignoring the backreaction and the greybody factor. Without the island, the entropy of Hawking radiation grows linearly with time, which results in the information paradox for the eternal black holes. By extremizing the generalized entropy that allows the contributions from the island, we find that the island extends to the outside the horizon of the Reissner-Nordström black hole. When taking the effect of the islands into account, it is shown that the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation at late times for a given region far from the black hole horizon reproduces the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the Reissner-Nordström black hole with an additional term representing the effect of the matter fields. The result is consistent with the finiteness of the entanglement entropy for the radiation from an eternal black hole. This facilitates to address the black hole information paradox issue in the current case under the above-mentioned approximations.

scholarly journals Statistical Properties of Kerr BH Flywheel Model of QSOs/AGNs

2000 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 417-418
Author(s):  
S. Nitta
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Kerr Black Hole ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Initial Mass Function ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Disk System ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Density Population

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the properties of the magnetospheric model around Kerr black holes, so-called the “flywheel” (rotation powered) model. The fly-wheel engine of the BH accretion disk system is applied to the statistics of QSOs/AGNs. Nitta, Takahashi, & Tomimatsu clarified the individual evolution of the Kerr black-hole fly-wheel engine, which is parameterized by black-hole mass, initial Kerr parameter, magnetic field near the horizon, and a dimensionless small parameter. We impose a statistical model for the initial mass function of an ensemble of black holes using the Press-Schechter formalism. With the help of additional assumptions, we can discuss the evolution of the luminosity function and the spatial number density (population) of QSOs/AGNs. The result explains well the decrease of very bright QSOs and decrease of population after z ~ 2.

Periodicity and area spectrum of the three dimensional BTZ black hole

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2865-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Li ◽  
Rong Lin ◽  
Li-Ying Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Area Spectrum ◽  
Btz Black Hole
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