scholarly journals Potentialities of the future technical improvements in the search of rare nuclear decays by bolometers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (09) ◽  
pp. 1843003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Detection ◽  
High Detection Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Devices ◽  
Excellent Energy Resolution

Bolometers are cryogenic calorimeters which feature excellent energy resolution, low energy threshold, high detection efficiency, flexibility in choice of materials, particle identification capability if operated as hybrid devices. After 30 years of rapid progresses, they represent nowadays a leading technology in several fields: particle and nuclear physics, X-ray astrophysics, cosmology. However, further and substantial developments are required to increase the sensitivity to the levels envisioned by future researches. A review of the challenges to be addressed and potentialities of bolometers in the search for rare nuclear decays is given, with particular emphasis to the neutrinoless double beta decay physics case.

scholarly journals Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with Germanium Detectors: 1026 yr and Beyond

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Valerio D’Andrea ◽  
Natalia Di Marco ◽  
Matthias Bernhard Junker ◽  
Matthias Laubenstein ◽  
Carla Macolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Semiconductor Detectors ◽  
Germanium Detectors ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
High Detection Efficiency ◽  
Excellent Energy Resolution

In the global landscape of neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay search, the use of semiconductor germanium detectors provides many advantages. The excellent energy resolution, the negligible intrinsic radioactive contamination, the possibility of enriching the crystals up to 88% in the 76Ge isotope as well as the high detection efficiency, are all key ingredients for highly sensitive 0νββ decay search. The Majorana and Gerda experiments successfully implemented the use of germanium (Ge) semiconductor detectors, reaching an energy resolution of 2.53 ± 0.08 keV at the Qββ and an unprecedented low background level of 5.2×10−4 cts/(keV·kg·yr), respectively. In this paper, we will review the path of 0νββ decay search with Ge detectors from the original idea of E. Fiorini et al. in 1967, to the final recent results of the Gerda experiment setting a limit on the half-life of 76Ge 0νββ decay at T1/2>1.8×1026 yr (90% C.L.). We will then present the LEGEND project designed to reach a sensitivity to the half-life up to 1028 yr and beyond, opening the way to the exploration of the normal ordering region.

Study on TlBr Radioactive Detector

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li-xia ◽  
Hao Xiao-yong ◽  
He Gao-kui
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Detection ◽  
High Detection Efficiency ◽  
Excellent Energy Resolution ◽  
Energy Physics

TlBr is a kind of semiconductor material. Due to its promising physical properties and can be used at room temperature, it is continually studied as X and gamma ray detectors candidate material. Both of its atomic number and density are high. It also has large band-gap (B = 2.68eV) and low ionization energy. TlBr device exhibits high detection efficiency and excellent energy resolution. It can be easily fabricated or compacted in small housing. So it is a reasonable selection in the fields of nuclear material inspection and safeguards property, national security, spatial and high energy physics researches. The paper investigates the TlBr radioactive detector development and fabrication procedures. The processing detail information and signals collection are emphasized in different section. The prototype detectors were irradiated by Am-241 and corresponding spectrum was obtained. The photoelectric peak at 59.5keV is distinguished visible and the best resolution at 59.5keV is 4.15keV (7%).

Quantification of Sub-Microgram Elemental Concentrations Using Micro-Dot Samples

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
James M. Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
High Detection ◽  
High Detection Efficiency ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractThe following study describes the experimental results obtained by energy dispersive x-ray analysis on a series of representative samples, concentrated by precipitation, to spots 1.5 mm in diameter on Millipore (R) membranes.Using modified detector collimation, the contributions of air scatter and membrane (Substrate) scatter to the background under a peak, can be minimized to achieve limits of detection approaching a nanogram of the element present in the precipitate.The equipment used here is composed of an 80 mm2 Si(Li) detector connected to a computer based data handling unit. Excitation was achieved with a Rhodium target x-ray tube having a maximum output of 50 kV at 5.0 ma. Even with the high detection efficiency of the Si(Li) detector and the capability of minimizing the source to sample and sample to detector pauh lengths, it was found with these samples that at least 3.0 ma of tube current is needed in the excitation source.A mechanism has been developed for this work that allows reproducible sample positioning for standards and unknowns. This mechanism is used to produce element profiles on larger precipitated standards to measure radial uniformity.

High detection efficiency neutron sensitive microchannel plate

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. P01015-P01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pan ◽  
Y Yang ◽  
Y Tian ◽  
M Zeng ◽  
T Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Microchannel Plate ◽  
High Detection ◽  
High Detection Efficiency

scholarly journals First measurements with the new 3He-filled Monoblock Aluminium Multitube neutron detector developed at the ILL for ANSTO PLATYPUS reflectometer

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Luis Abuel ◽  
Friedl Bartsch ◽  
Andrew Berry ◽  
Jean-Claude Buffet ◽  
Sylvain Cuccaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
High Detection ◽  
Neutron Wavelength ◽  
High Detection Efficiency ◽  
Main Detector ◽  
Characterisation Methods

A detector upgrade was carried out on the PLATYPUS instrument dedicated to neutron reflectometry at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). The new detector, developed in the framework of a research collaboration between the ILL and ANSTO, is based on the Monoblock Aluminium Multi-tube (MAM) detector design already in use on several reflectometers and SANS instruments at the ILL. This article provides a technical description of the mechanical design and read-out electronics of the PLATYPUS detector and its commissioning on the PLATYPUS instrument. The main detector performance parameters have been measured and are presented here as well as the characterisation methods and the results of several reflectometry measurements. These measurements show an improvement in experimental data quality resulting from high positional resolution, high detection efficiency and reduced neutron scattering background in the 2.5–19 Å neutron wavelength range used in PLATYPUS instrument.

scholarly journals A Simulation of a Novel High Quantum Efficiency Scintillating Fiber Detector with Anti-scatter Properties for Megavoltage X-Ray Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Day
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Original Design ◽  
High Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Guided Radiation Therapy ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
High Detection Efficiency ◽  
Square Array

To further develop a MV x-ray portal imaging device with high detection efficiency and adequate spatial resolution for image guided radiation therapy, the experimental results for a prototype detector were matched using Monte-Carlo software to then improve upon the design. The simulation and experiment were carried out using a 6 MV beam from a linear accelerator machine. An adequate match was obtained with the spatial resolution matching up to a MTF value of 0.2 and then diverging and the total signal registered in the central fiber was matched for field sizes ranging from 3 cm by 3 cm to 20 cm by 20 cm for 5 cm, 15 cm and 25 cm air gaps within 3%. The design was altered from a hexagonal array of round double cladded fibers to a square array of single cladded square fibers. The spatial resolution was improved from 0.242 lp mm-1 to 0.359 lp mm-1 at an MTF value of 0.5 from the original design to a square array of square fibers 0.5 mm wide separated by 0.25 mm of lead foil. With further optimization of the detector design it may be possible to increase spatial resolution for MV x-ray imaging while maintaining an adequate detection efficiency.

scholarly journals Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giuliani ◽  
Alfredo Poves
Keyword(s):  
Beta Decay ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ◽  
Majorana Neutrino ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Status ◽  
Majorana Neutrino Mass

This paper introduces the neutrinoless double-beta decay (the rarest nuclear weak process) and describes the status of the research for this transition, both from the point of view of theoretical nuclear physics and in terms of the present and future experimental scenarios. Implications of this phenomenon on crucial aspects of particle physics are briefly discussed. The calculations of the nuclear matrix elements in case of mass mechanisms are reviewed, and a range for these quantities is proposed for the most appealing candidates. After introducing general experimental concepts—such as the choice of the best candidates, the different proposed technological approaches, and the sensitivity—we make the point on the experimental situation. Searches running or in preparation are described, providing an organic presentation which picks up similarities and differences. A critical comparison of the adopted technologies and of their physics reach (in terms of sensitivity to the effective Majorana neutrino mass) is performed. As a conclusion, we try to envisage what we expect round the corner and at a longer time scale.

Movements of mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdii) in a Michigan stream: how restricted are they?

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Breen ◽  
Carl R. Ruetz ◽  
Kurt J. Thompson ◽  
Steven L. Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
High Detection ◽  
High Detection Efficiency ◽  
Movement Distance

We monitored 94 mottled sculpins ( Cottus bairdii ) marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to examine seasonal movement patterns. High detection efficiency (mean ± standard error = 0.76 ± 0.03) of PIT-tagged fish was obtained with a portable antenna. Nighttime searches were more effective than daytime relocations in summer, and smaller fish (<65 mm) were detected more readily than larger fish (≥65 mm). Sculpins used erosional habitats more than depositional habitats, particularly during summer and nighttime. Search attempts within a 150 m reach showed that displacement, mean movement distance, and home range did not differ significantly between summer and winter, suggesting that season did not strongly influence movement. Additionally, movement metrics were unrelated to sculpin size. However, supplementary searches of a larger reach (700 m) showed that 16% of PIT-tagged fish moved more than 100 m over 1 year, with a maximum displacement of 511 m, and mobile fish typically displayed upstream bias. Although most mottled sculpins in our system were relatively sedentary, a small proportion of individuals moved further than previously reported for other systems.

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