A UNIFIED THEORY OF MEASUREMENT OF ANISOTROPIC RESISTIVITY BASED ON A SINGLE SURFACE OF ONE (FROM THIN TO THICK) FILM

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (29) ◽  
pp. 1250142
Author(s):  
YUAN HE ◽  
XIANG XIANG ◽  
XIANXI DAI ◽  
WILLIAM E. EVENSON
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Theory Of Measurement ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Elementary Functions ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Systems ◽  
Unified Method

A unified method and theory for measuring anisotropic resistivity based on a single surface of a film with rapidly converging exact solutions is presented here for solutions appropriate to thin films (Type I solutions) and to thick samples (Type II solutions). Some of the exact solutions of the related simultaneous equation systems can be expressed in terms of elementary functions. The theory proposed here for measuring resistivity of anisotropic crystals is expected to be useful in many applications.

Photoelectric Cells of Merocyanine Langmuir-Blodgett Films Utilizing Surface Plasmon Excitations

2001 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Kato ◽  
Futoshi Takahashi ◽  
Kazunari Shinbo ◽  
Futao Kaneko ◽  
Takashi Wakamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lb Films ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett

ABSTRACTShort-circuit photocurrents (ISC) due to surface plasmon (SP) excitations have been investigated for the photoelectric cells using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of merocyanine (MC) dye. The MC dye exhibits p-type conduction, and the Schottky and Ohmic contacts are obtained at the interfaces between MC LB films and Al thin films and between MC LB films and Ag thin films, respectively. Since the Schottky diodes show the photoelectric effects, the Schottky photoelectric cells have been constructed. The cells with two kinds of structures, that is, prism/Al/MC/Ag (type I) and prism/MgF2/Al/MC/Ag (type II), have been prepared. In the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method, the types I and II have the Kretschmann and both the Kretschmann and Otto configurations, respectively. SP has been resonantly excited at the interface between Ag and air for the type I and at the interfaces between MgF2 and Al between Ag and air for the type II. The ATR and the ISC properties have been simultaneously measured as a function of the incident angles of the laser beams. The peaks of the ISC have corresponded to the resonant angles of the ATR curves. The electric fields and optical absorptions in the cells have been also calculated using the dielectric constants and the film thicknesses obtained from the ATR measurements. The calculated absorptions in the MC layers as a function of the incident angles have corresponded to the results of ISC. It has been estimated that the ISC for both types I and II could be enhanced by the excitations of SP in the ATR configurations.

scholarly journals Exact solutions of the cubic Boussinesq and the coupled Higgs system

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Abdelrahman ◽  
Hanan Alkhidhr ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu ◽  
Mustafa Inc
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
Explicit Solutions ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Special Test ◽  
Elementary Functions ◽  
The Unified Method ◽  
Unified Method

We present explicit exact solutions of some evolution equations including cubic Boussinesq and coupled Higgs system by the unified method. The explicit solutions are expressed in terms of some elementary functions including trigonometric, exponential, and polynomial. The method is applied to a number of special test problems to test the strength of the method and computational results indicate the power and efficiency of the method.

On a probability problem arising in the theory of counters

1956 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Takács
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behaviour ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Poisson Process ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Probability Problem ◽  
New Process

ABSTRACTThe paper contains some remarks on the problems treated by Hammersley(9). With the aid of a new and simple method the exact solutions of Hammersley's problems and the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions are found. The problems in question are: A Poisson process is transformed into a new process by a Type II counter, and this new process is transformed again by a Type I counter. The distribution of the number of events occurring in each transformed sequence is to be determined.

Transition from type I to type II behaviour in superconducting thin films under perpendicular magnetic fields

1974 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pellan ◽  
J. Blot ◽  
J.C. Pineau ◽  
J. Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Type I ◽  
Superconducting Thin Films ◽  
Type Ii

scholarly journals Contiguous triple spinal dysraphism associated with Chiari malformation Type II and hydrocephalus: an embryological conundrum between the unified theory of Pang and the unified theory of McLone

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivashanmugam Dhandapani ◽  
Anirudh Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Spinal Dysraphism ◽  
Split Cord Malformation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Small Posterior Fossa ◽  
Closure Theory

Triple spinal dysraphism is extremely rare. There are published reports of multiple discrete neural tube defects with intervening normal segments that are explained by the multisite closure theory of primary neurulation, having an association with Chiari malformation Type II consistent with the unified theory of McLone. The authors report on a 1-year-old child with contiguous myelomeningocele and lipomyelomeningocele centered on Type I split cord malformation with Chiari malformation Type II and hydrocephalus. This composite anomaly is probably due to select abnormalities of the neurenteric canal during gastrulation, with a contiguous cascading impact on both dysjunction of the neural tube and closure of the neuropore, resulting in a small posterior fossa, probably bringing the unified theory of McLone closer to the unified theory of Pang.

scholarly journals Exact solutions of the cubic Boussinesq and the coupled Higgs system

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Abdelrahman ◽  
Hanan Alkhidhr ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu ◽  
Mustafa Inc
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
Explicit Solutions ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Special Test ◽  
Elementary Functions ◽  
The Unified Method ◽  
Unified Method

We present explicit exact solutions of some evolution equations including cubic Boussinesq and coupled Higgs system by the unified method. The explicit solutions are expressed in terms of some elementary functions including trigonometric, exponential, and polynomial. The method is applied to a number of special test problems to test the strength of the method and computational results indicate the power and efficiency of the method.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
M.E. Lidstrom ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

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