SEARCH FOR THE PROPOSED COLD FUSION OF D IN Pd

1989 ◽  
Vol 03 (10) ◽  
pp. 753-760
Author(s):  
C.W. CHU ◽  
Y.Y. XUE ◽  
R.L. MENG ◽  
P.H. HOR ◽  
Z.J. HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Excess Heat ◽  
Electrolytic Cells ◽  
Electrolytic Process ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Total Input

A direct, systematic, and well-controlled investigation of D2O-Pd electrolytic cells reveals neither neutrons at a rate exceeding 103 s −1 nor excess heat greater than 3% of the total input power generated during the electrolytic process in contrast to the cold fusion recently reported. No difference in the thermal energy outputs between two identical D2O-Pd and H2O-Pd cells greater than 1.5% (or 5%) of the input at 0.5 W (or 2.4 W) was detected. The negative results cannot be attributed to electrolysis-time (0–480 hours), Pd-electrode (cold drawn or cast) size (0.1–0.6 cm diameter × 3–5 cm), power input (0.1–8.5 W), electrolytes used (LiOH, LiCl, and DCl), or failure to deuterize Pd (PdDx with x≤0.6) within the limits cited in the parentheses. If the proposed cold fusion exists, it has to be induced only under some subtle and not-yet-determined conditions.

scholarly journals Design of a Four-Branch Optical Power Splitter Based on Gallium-Nitride Using Rectangular Waveguide Coupling for Telecommunication Links

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Retno W. Purnamaningsih ◽  
Nji R. Poespawati ◽  
Elhadj Dogheche
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Nitride ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Propagation Length ◽  
Power Splitter ◽  
Excess Loss ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Rectangular Waveguides

This paper reports design of a simple four-branch optical power splitter using five parallel rectangular waveguides coupling in a gallium-nitride (GaN) semiconductor/sapphire for telecommunication links. The optimisation was conducted using the 3D FD-BPM method for long wavelength optical communication. The result shows that, at propagation length of 925 μm, the optical power input was successfully split into four uniform output beams, each with 24% of total input power. It is also shown that the relative output power distribution is almost stable through the C-band range. At the operating wavelength of 1.55 μm, the proposed power splitter has an excess loss lower than 0.2 dB. This study demonstrates the opportunity to develop optical interconnections from UV-Visible to near IR wavelengths.

First neutral-beam heating experiments in JET

1987 ◽  
Vol 322 (1563) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Input ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Confinement Time ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Energy Confinement ◽  
Energy Confinement Time ◽  
Radiated Power ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Beam Heating

Hydrogen beams at particle energies of up to 65 keV, total beam powers of up to 5.5 MW , and beam-pulse durations of up to 7 s have been injected into deuterium plasmas. Experiments were performed over a wide range of plasma parameters with limiter plasmas and inner-wall plasmas. The operational regime was extended by 70% over the current ohmic density limit. In medium density experiments, ion temperatures of ca . 6.5 keV were reached with electron temperatures of 4.8 keV. The expected degradation of energy confinement with additional heating was observed. At 4 MA plasma current and 8 MW total input power, the global energy confinement time is ca. 0.4 s. The metallic impurity concentration and Zeff drop with the rise of plasm a density during beam pulses. The rise of radiated power closely follows that of the density. In most cases, the highest value of the radiated power stays below 50 % of the power input, with very low radiation from the centre of the plasma.

IDENTIFICATIONS OF HASLER'S CLASSES OF LINEAR RESISTIVE CIRCUIT STRUCTURES

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 957-980
Author(s):  
J. CEL
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Maximal Entropy ◽  
Cactus Graph ◽  
Resistance Function ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Feedback Structure ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
System Of Parameters ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Formulae on first and second derivatives of various functions associated with a linear nullator–norator–resistance network such as total input power, driving-point and transfer resistances with respect to parameters are established. As a consequence, the concavity of the driving-point resistance with respect to the system of parameters is obtained which generalizes a scalar result of Schneider. An example is given showing that the driving-point resistance R of a nonreciprocal one-port is not monotone or convex or concave with respect to the system of resistances which shows that the Cohn–Vratsanos and the Shannon–Hagelbarger theorems which characterize R of reciprocal one-port cannot be extended in this way. Next, a simplified variant of the Shannon–Hagelbarger theorem is used to derive separate necessary and sufficient conditions characterizing always well-posed, sometimes ill-posed and always ill-posed classes of linear resistive circuit structures introduced and characterized by Hasler, both new in formulation and proof. This reveals that the form of the second partial derivative of the resistance function is responsible for various kinds of the structural solvability of linear circuits. Alternative "if and only if" criteria for these classes are established. They involve replacements of reciprocal circuit elements by combinations of contractions and removals leading to pairs of complementary directed nullator and directed norator trees with appropriately defined signs, and resemble therefore earlier famous Willson–Nielsen feedback structure and Chua–Nishi cactus graph criteria for circuits containing traditional controlled sources. Finally, the qualitative parts of the Cohn–Vratsanos and the Shannon–Hagelbarger theorems are shown to be simple consequences of much more general principles governing all aspects of life, such as maximal entropy and energy conservation laws.

Study on Calorimetry of Excess Heat in a d/Pd Gas-Loading System

2021 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Xing Ye Wang ◽  
Bing Jun Shen ◽  
Li Hong Jin ◽  
Ling Yu Li ◽  
Jian Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Excess Heat ◽  
Flow Calorimeter ◽  
Loading System ◽  
Deuterium Pressure

A heat-flow calorimeter was introduced into the D/Pd gas-loading system to confirm the reliability and accuracy of the results obtained by isothermal calorimetry in the previous work. The effects of input power (electrical current) and pressure on excess heat were discussed under different experimental conditions. The results showed that the heat-flow calorimetry had higher accuracy than isothermal calorimetry. Under deuterium pressure of 30 kPa, the excess heat power decreased with the decrease of the input power, and the maximum excess heat power was (6.40 ± 0.19) W with an input power of 380 W. In the experiments of discussing the relationship between pressure and excess heat, the results showed there was a maximum excess power of (10.28 ± 3.40) W when the deuterium pressure was 220 Pa. The excess heat measured in the system was far more than that in chemical reaction. The results of SEM and EDS implied that excess heat came from nuclear transmutation processes.

Experimental Investigation of Ultrasonic Effect on an Acetone Oscillating Heat Pipe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannan Zhao ◽  
Benwei Fu ◽  
Dianli Zhao ◽  
Hongbin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Heat Transfer Performance ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Oscillating Heat Pipe ◽  
Ultrasonic Effect ◽  
Ultrasonic Sound ◽  
Oscillating Motion

The ultrasonic effect on the oscillating motion and heat transfer in an oscillating heat pipe (OHP) containing acetone was investigated experimentally. The ultrasonic sound was applied to the evaporating section of the OHP by using electrically-controlled piezoelectric ceramics. The ultrasonic sound is used to generate and maintain the oscillating motion, and, thereby, heat transfer is enhanced. The heat pipe was tested with or without the ultrasonic sound. In addition, the effects of heat load, filling ratio, orientation, operating temperature, and input power from 15 W to 200 W were investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that ultrasonic sound can affect the oscillating motions and enhance the heat transfer performance of the acetone OHP. In particular, the application of the ultrasonic sound on an acetone OHP can significantly reduce the thermal resistance of the acetone OHP and enhance the heat transfer performance in a low power input region. The investigation will provide an insight into the oscillating mechanism of the acetone OHP influenced by ultrasonic sound and provide a new way to enhance the heat transfer performance of the OHP.

Low-Grade Heat Utilization Through Ultrasound-Enhanced Desorption of Activated Alumina/Water for Thermal Energy Storage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooman Daghooghi Mobarakeh ◽  
Keshawa Bandara ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Robert Wang ◽  
Patrick E. Phelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Heat Utilization ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Abstract Sorption thermal energy storage (TES) seems to be an auspicious solution to overcome the issues of intermittent energy sources and utilization of low-grade heat. Ultrasound-assisted adsorption/desorption of water vapor on activated alumina is proposed as a means of low-grade heat utilization through TES. The effects of ultrasonic power on the storing stage (desorption of water vapor) were analyzed to optimize the desorption and overall efficiencies. To determine and justify the effectiveness of incorporating ultrasound from an energy-savings point of view, an approach of constant total (heat plus ultrasound) input power of 25 W was adopted. To measure the extent of the effectiveness of using ultrasound, ultrasonic-power-to-total power ratios of 0.2 and 0.4 were investigated and the results compared with those of no-ultrasound (heat only) at the same total power. The regeneration temperature and desorption rate were measured simultaneously to investigate the effects of ultrasonication on regeneration temperature and utilization of low-grade heat. The experimental results showed that using ultrasound facilitates the regeneration of activated alumina at both power ratios without increasing the total input power. With regard to regeneration temperature, incorporating ultrasound decreases the regeneration temperature hence justifying the utilization of low-grade heat for thermal energy purposes. In terms of overall energy recovery of the adsorption thermal storage process, a new metric is proposed to justify incorporating ultrasound and any other auxiliary energy along with low-grade heat.

Excess Heat Power Measurement by Heat-Flow Calorimeter in a D/Pd Gas-Loading System

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 874-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Jun Shen ◽  
Xing Ye Wang ◽  
Wu Shou Zhang ◽  
Li Hong Jin ◽  
Xin Le Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Excess Heat ◽  
Flow Calorimeter ◽  
Heat Flow Calorimeter ◽  
Loading System

In order to confirm the reliability and accuracy of the excess heat triggered by current in the previous work [1-3], a new designed and built heat-flow calorimeter [4] was introduced in the same D/Pd gas-loading system as mentioned previously. The calorimeter was calibrated in nitrogen atmosphere and the results between the input power (P) and the exothermal electromotive force (V) could be simulated by a quadratic equation: P = (15.356 ± 0.068) V – (0.014 ± 0.039) V2. The maximum excess power (6.398 ± 0.191 W) were found at the condition of an optimum current (8.47 A) and a deuterium pressure (3 × 104 Pa). The reproducibility was 3/3 and the total excess energy released in these experiments was about 0.70 ± 0.02 MJ within 40 hours, which means (1.6 ± 0.1) ×103 eV for each palladium atom. The excess heat power and excess heat energy were far more than that in a chemical reaction.

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