Predator–Prey System: Bachelor Herding of the Prey Imposes Ecological Constraints on Predation

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Kaushik ◽  
Sandip Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Schooling Behavior ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Parent Groups

Bachelor herd behavior is very common among juvenile animals who have not become sexually matured but have left their parent groups. The complex grouping or schooling behavior provides vulnerable juveniles refuge from predation and opportunities for foraging, especially when their parents are not within the area to protect them. In spite of this, juvenile/immature prey may easily become victims because of their greenness while on the other hand, adult prey may be invulnerable to attack due to their tricky manoeuvring abilities to escape from the predators. In this study, we propose a stage-structured predator–prey model, in which predators attack only the bachelor herds of juvenile prey while adult prey save themselves due to small predator–prey size ratio and their fleeing capability, enabling them to avoid confrontation with the predators. Local and global stability analysis on the equilibrium points of the model are performed. Sufficient conditions for uniform permanence and the impermanence are derived. The model exhibits both transcritical as well as Hopf bifurcations and the corresponding numerical simulations are carried out to support the analytical results. Bachelor herding of juvenile prey as well as inaccessibility of adult prey restricts the uncontrolled predation so that prey abundance and predation remain balanced. This investigation on bachelor group defence brings out some unpredictable results, especially close to the zero steady state. Altogether, bachelor herding of the juvenile prey, which causes unconventional behavior near the origin, plays a significant role in establishing uniform permanence conditions, also increases richness of the dynamics in numerical simulations using the bifurcation theory and thereby, shapes ecosystem properties tremendously and may have a large influence on the ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Hopf bifurcation in a diffusive predator–prey model with Smith growth rate and herd behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Jiang ◽  
Huiping Fang ◽  
Yongfeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Neumann Boundary ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Dynamical Behaviors ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Homogeneous Neumann Boundary Condition ◽  
The Stability

Abstract This paper mainly aims to consider the dynamical behaviors of a diffusive delayed predator–prey system with Smith growth and herd behavior subject to the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. For the analysis of the predator–prey model, we have studied the existence of Hopf bifurcation by analyzing the distribution of the roots of associated characteristic equation. Then we have proved the stability of the periodic solution by calculating the normal form on the center of manifold which is associated to the Hopf bifurcation points. Some numerical simulations are also carried out in order to validate our analysis findings. The implications of our analytical and numerical findings are discussed critically.

scholarly journals On a predator-prey system interaction under fluctuating water level with nonselective harvesting

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 458-475
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Yonggui Kao ◽  
Fengde Chen ◽  
Binfeng Xie ◽  
Shiyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Optimal Harvesting ◽  
Positive Equilibrium ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Model Interaction ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Fluctuating Water Level

Abstract A predator-prey model interaction under fluctuating water level with non-selective harvesting is proposed and studied in this paper. Sufficient conditions for the permanence of two populations and the extinction of predator population are provided. The non-negative equilibrium points are given, and their stability is studied by using the Jacobian matrix. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions that ensure the global stability of the positive equilibrium are obtained. The bionomic equilibrium and the optimal harvesting policy are also presented. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the feasibility of the main results.

scholarly journals Dynamic behaviors of a nonautonomous predator–prey system with Holling type II schemes and a prey refuge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumin Wu ◽  
Fengde Chen ◽  
Caifeng Du
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Function ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Comparison Theorem ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Oscillation Theory ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Prey Refuge ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey System

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a nonautonomous predator–prey model with Holling type II schemes and a prey refuge. By applying the comparison theorem of differential equations and constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions that guarantee the permanence and global stability of the system are obtained. By applying the oscillation theory and the comparison theorem of differential equations, a set of sufficient conditions that guarantee the extinction of the predator of the system is obtained.

scholarly journals Hopf bifurcation and stability in a Beddington-DeAngelis predator-prey model with stage structure for predator and time delay incorporating prey refuge

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaowang Xiao ◽  
Zhong Li ◽  
Zhenliang Zhu ◽  
Fengde Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Prey Refuge ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Bifurcation And Stability

Abstract In this paper, we consider a Beddington-DeAngelis predator-prey system with stage structure for predator and time delay incorporating prey refuge. By analyzing the characteristic equations, we study the local stability of the equilibrium of the system. Using the delay as a bifurcation parameter, the model undergoes a Hopf bifurcation at the coexistence equilibrium when the delay crosses some critical values. After that, by constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions are derived for the global stability of the system. Finally, the influence of prey refuge on densities of prey species and predator species is discussed.

scholarly journals Existence, Stationary Distribution, and Extinction of Predator-Prey System of Prey Dispersal with Stochastic Perturbation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zu ◽  
Daqing Jiang ◽  
Fuquan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Stationary Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Stochastic Perturbation ◽  
Ergodic Property ◽  
Unique Positive Solution ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey System

We consider a predator-prey model in which the preys disperse amongnpatches (n≥2) with stochastic perturbation. We show that there is a unique positive solution and find out the sufficient conditions for the extinction to the system with any given positive initial value. In addition, we investigate that there exists a stationary distribution for the system and it has ergodic property. Finally, we illustrate the dynamic behavior of the system withn=2via numerical simulation.

scholarly journals Extinction and Persistence in Mean of a Novel Delay Impulsive Stochastic Infected Predator-Prey System with Jumps

Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Xinzhu Meng ◽  
Shujing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Delay Differential Equations ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Persistence In Mean ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Delay Differential ◽  
Lévy Jumps

In this paper, we explore an impulsive stochastic infected predator-prey system with Lévy jumps and delays. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of time delays and impulse stochastic interference on dynamics of the predator-prey model. First, we prove some properties of the subsystem of the system. Second, in view of comparison theorem and limit superior theory, we obtain the sufficient conditions for the extinction of this system. Furthermore, persistence in mean of the system is also investigated by using the theory of impulsive stochastic differential equations (ISDE) and delay differential equations (DDE). Finally, we carry out some simulations to verify our main results and explain the biological implications.

scholarly journals Dynamic Behaviors of a Nonautonomous Discrete Predator-Prey System Incorporating a Prey Refuge and Holling Type II Functional Response

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumin Wu ◽  
Fengde Chen ◽  
Wanlin Chen ◽  
Yuhua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Global Stability ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Prey Refuge ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

A nonautonomous discrete predator-prey system incorporating a prey refuge and Holling type II functional response is studied in this paper. A set of sufficient conditions which guarantee the persistence and global stability of the system are obtained, respectively. Our results show that if refuge is large enough then predator species will be driven to extinction due to the lack of enough food. Two examples together with their numerical simulations show the feasibility of the main results.

EXISTENCE AND GLOBAL ATTRACTIVITY OF A POSITIVE PERIODIC SOLUTION FOR A NON-AUTONOMOUS PREDATOR-PREY MODEL UNDER VIRAL INFECTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 419-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
FENGYAN ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Periodic Solution ◽  
Lyapunov Function ◽  
Global Attractivity ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Coincidence Degree ◽  
Positive Periodic Solution ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey System

A new non-autonomous predator-prey system with the effect of viruses on the prey is investigated. By using the method of coincidence degree, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a positive periodic solution. Moreover, with the help of an appropriately chosen Lyapunov function, the global attractivity of the positive periodic solution is discussed. In the end, a numerical simulation is used to illustrate the feasibility of our results.

Spatiotemporal Model of a Predator–Prey System with Herd Behavior and Quadratic Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teekam Singh ◽  
Sandip Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Pattern Dynamics ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
Spotted Pattern

In this paper, we have investigated a diffusive predator–prey model with herd behavior. Also, we considered that the mortality of predators is linear as well as quadratic. Using linear stability analysis, we obtain the condition for diffusive instability and identify the corresponding domain in the space of control parameters. Using extensive numerical simulations, we obtain non-Turing spatiotemporal patterns in the model with linear mortality of predators, and Turing pattern formation, namely, spotted pattern and mixed pattern (spots-stripes) in model with quadratic mortality of predators. The results focus on the effect of the changing mortality rates of predator in pattern dynamics of a diffusive predator–prey model and help us in the better understanding of the dynamics of the predator–prey interaction in real environment.

scholarly journals Periodic solutions and stability for a delayed discrete ratio-dependent predator-prey system with Holling-type functional response

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Lin Wang ◽  
Wan-Tong Li
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Solutions ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Coincidence Degree ◽  
Degree Theory ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Globally Asymptotical Stability ◽  
Ratio Dependent

The existence of positive periodic solutions for a delayed discrete predator-prey model with Holling-type-III functional responseN1(k+1)=N1(k)exp{b1(k)−a1(k)N1(k−[τ1])−α1(k)N1(k)N2(k)/(N12(k)+m2N22(k))},N2(k+1)=N2(k)exp{−b2(k)+α2(k)N12(k−[τ2])/(N12(k−[τ2])+m2N22(k−[τ2]))}is established by using the coincidence degree theory. We also present sufficient conditions for the globally asymptotical stability of this system when all the delays are zero. Our investigation gives an affirmative exemplum for the claim that the ratio-dependent predator-prey theory is more reasonable than the traditional prey-dependent predator-prey theory.

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