Comparing Software Bugs in Clone and Non-clone Code: An Empirical Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (09n10) ◽  
pp. 1507-1527
Author(s):  
Judith F. Islam ◽  
Manishankar Mondal ◽  
Chanchal K. Roy ◽  
Kevin A. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Software Bugs ◽  
Bug Fixing

Code cloning is a recurrent operation in everyday software development. Whether it is a good or bad practice is an ongoing debate among researchers and developers for the last few decades. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study on bug-proneness in clone code and non-clone code by analyzing commit logs. According to our inspection of thousands of revisions of seven diverse subject systems, the percentage of changed files due to bug-fix commits is significantly higher in clone code compared with non-clone code. We perform a Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon (MWW) test to show the statistical significance of our findings. In addition, the possibility of occurrence of severe bugs is higher in clone code than in non-clone code. Bug-fixing changes affecting clone code should be considered more carefully. Finally, our manual investigation shows that clone code containing if-condition and if–else blocks has a high risk of having severing bugs. Changes to such types of clone fragments should be done carefully during software maintenance. According to our findings, clone code appears to be more bug-prone than non-clone code.

Exploration and Exploitation of Developers' Sentimental Variations in Software Engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rakibul Islam ◽  
Minhaz F. Zibran
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Software Artifacts ◽  
Bug Fixing ◽  
Different Types

Software development is highly dependent on human efforts and collaborations, which are immensely affected by emotions. This paper presents a quantitative empirical study of the emotional variations in different types of development activities (e.g., bug-fixing tasks), development periods (i.e., days and times) and in projects of different sizes involving teams of variant sizes. The study also includes an in-depth investigation of emotions' impacts on software artifacts (i.e., commit messages) and exploration of scopes for exploiting emotional variations in software engineering activities. This work is based on careful analyses of emotions in more than 490 thousand commit comments across 50 open-source projects. The findings from this work add to our understanding of the role of emotions in software development, and expose scopes for exploitation of emotional awareness in improved task assignments and collaborations.

Guiding Bug Triage through Developer Analysis in Bug Reports

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 405-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Geunseok Yang ◽  
Byungjeong Lee ◽  
Alvin T. S. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Bug Reports ◽  
Bug Fixing ◽  
Bug Report ◽  
Report Analysis ◽  
Mozilla Firefox ◽  
Triage Algorithm

An important part of software maintenance is bug report analysis during bug-fixing, especially for large-scale software projects. Since bugs reported to the bug repository need to be fixed, triagers are responsible to identify appropriate developers to execute the fix. Previous research focused on optimizing this process, such as by duplicate detection and use of developer recommendations for reducing the workload of triagers. However, there were scant studies that analyzed developer roles (e.g. reporter and assignee) in the bug-fixing process. Therefore, in this paper, we perform an in-depth empirical study of the different roles that developers perform in bug resolution. By extracting the factors that affect bug resolution from the analysis results, we propose a novel bug triage algorithm to recommend the appropriate developers to fix a given bug. We implement the proposed recommendations on the Eclipse and Mozilla Firefox projects, with the results showing that the new bug triage algorithm can effectively recommend which experts should fix given bugs.

Exploration and Exploitation of Developers' Sentimental Variations in Software Engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 1889-1910
Author(s):  
Md Rakibul Islam ◽  
Minhaz F. Zibran
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Software Artifacts ◽  
Bug Fixing ◽  
Different Types

Software development is highly dependent on human efforts and collaborations, which are immensely affected by emotions. This paper presents a quantitative empirical study of the emotional variations in different types of development activities (e.g., bug-fixing tasks), development periods (i.e., days and times) and in projects of different sizes involving teams of variant sizes. The study also includes an in-depth investigation of emotions' impacts on software artifacts (i.e., commit messages) and exploration of scopes for exploiting emotional variations in software engineering activities. This work is based on careful analyses of emotions in more than 490 thousand commit comments across 50 open-source projects. The findings from this work add to our understanding of the role of emotions in software development, and expose scopes for exploitation of emotional awareness in improved task assignments and collaborations.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on Learning Bug-Fixing Patches in the Wild via Neural Machine Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Tufano ◽  
Cody Watson ◽  
Gabriele Bavota ◽  
Massimiliano Di Penta ◽  
Martin White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Bug Fixing ◽  
In The Wild

scholarly journals Fetomaternal outcome in high-risk parturients receiving epidural analgesia using fentanyl with ropivacaine versus iv tramadol: a comparative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2836
Author(s):  
Ashima Taneja ◽  
Kamaldeep Arora ◽  
Isha Chopra ◽  
Anju Grewal ◽  
Sushree Samiksha Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Satisfaction Score ◽  
Epidural Group ◽  
Patient Satisfaction Score ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Labour analgesia has been recommended but sufficient data on use of labour epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and fentanyl combination during labour is not available.Methods: A comparative study was conducted on 40 high risk labouring partuirents, randomly allocated to group A (iv tramadol) and group B (epidural analgesia with ropivacaine plus fentanyl). Assessments were done for fetal heart rate abnormality, mode of delivery, duration of labour, and Apgar score. The VAS score, patient satisfaction score, and complications were recorded.Results: Group A had more number of instrumental deliveries compared to group B, the later had higher number of caesarean sections. No difference was observed in vaginal deliveries in both the groups. Pain relief was significant in patients of epidural group. The neonatal outcome was same in both the groups. Significant number of patients had a higher degree of satisfaction score in group B compared to group A.Conclusions: Tramadol and epidural analgesia in labour are safe and effective. Patient satisfaction is significantly higher in epidural group as compared to the tramadol group.

Comparative study of episiotomy repair: absorbable synthetic versus chromic catgut suture material

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Devika Perumal ◽  
Divya Selvaraju
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Suture Material ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Chromic Catgut ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorbable Suture ◽  
Perineal Laceration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The choice of suture material for repair of episiotomy or perineal laceration is largely of one’s personal preference. Chromic catgut was widely used in most institutions. It now appears that chromic catgut is associated with more postpartum discomfort and hence chromic catgut has been largely replaced by synthetic absorbable materials like polyglactin and polyglycolic acid.Methods: The study was conducted in Institute of Social Obstetrics and Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital, Chennai. This is a prospective, comparative study involving two groups. The use of a rapidly absorbing form of synthetic absorbable suture material, in the repair of episiotomy or perineal laceration in 100 patients during the study period February 2012 to July 2012, were simultaneously compared with the traditional natural absorbable suture material.Results: With the use of rapidly absorbing polyglactin 910, there was a significant reduction (p=0.000) in the short-term pain, 19 compared to 80 in the control group. With regard to wound dehiscence and the need for resuturing, there was statistically significant difference in the control group (15%) compared to the study group (0%). There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of dyspareunia (12.4% vs 10.7%).Conclusions: Fast-absorbing form of Polyglactin seems to be effective in reducing some of the morbidity associated with perineal repair following childbirth. There was significant reduction in the short-term pain and the need for analgesia. The incidence of wound dehiscence was markedly reduced.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the internality of the personality of adult Tuvans and Russians (in the context of family emotional communication)

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Alekseenko ◽  
Chimis O. Davaa
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Emotional Communication

The article discusses the results of the empirical study of internality of the adults’ personality in the context of function dysfunction of family communication of parents’ families; features of responsibility development in Tuvan families in comparison with Russian families are identified and discussed.

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