A UNIFIED APPROACH TO AUTOMATIC LABEL PLACEMENT

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
KONSTANTINOS G. KAKOULIS ◽  
IOANNIS G. TOLLIS
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Graph Drawing ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Arbitrary Size ◽  
Label Placement ◽  
Automatic Placement

The automatic placement of text or symbol labels corresponding to graphical features is critical in several application areas such as cartography, geographical information systems, and graph drawing. In this paper we present a general framework for solving the problem of assigning text or symbol labels to a set of graphical features in two dimensional drawings or maps. Our approach does not favor the labeling of one type of graphical feature (such as a node, edge, or area) over another. Additionally, the labels are allowed to have arbitrary size and orientation. We also present a fast and simple technique, based on the general framework, for assigning labels to edges of graph drawings. We have implemented our techniques and have performed extensive experimentation on hierarchical and orthogonal drawings of graphs. The resulting label assignments are very practical and indicate the effectiveness of our approach.

scholarly journals Implementation and Evaluation of a Fast Area Feature Labeling Method Using Auxiliary Lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Noboru Abe ◽  
Kohei Kuroda ◽  
Yosuke Kamata ◽  
Shogo Midoritani
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Tablet Devices ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Label Placement ◽  
Placement Method ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Labeling Method ◽  
Boundary Lines

Appropriate place labels, which provide the name or attribute of a graphical feature, are important in geographical information systems and cartography. Herein, an internal label placement method was proposed for area features, such as cities, prefectures, and lakes, on a map. For internal label placement, placing a large label for an extremely narrow or small area, such that the label does not protrude from the corresponding area is challenging. In such cases, a label can overlap with protruding labels from other areas. Meanwhile, tablet devices have been rapidly employed in recent years. Because tablet devices can easily zoom in on a map, it is possible to eliminate the overlaps by enlarging the map without changing the label size. Therefore, we proposed a method that enables real-time processing, even on tablet devices. The label positions are determined by detecting the intersections of the auxiliary and boundary lines of a given area feature. The proposed method adequately labels the positions of area features, even those with indents and narrow sections. Moreover, it can find tens of thousands of label positions within 100 ms, even on low-performance computers, such as tablet devices.

The Need for Open Geographical Information Systems in Medicine

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Friebe ◽  
M. Grawunder ◽  
I. Wellmann ◽  
H.-J. Appelrath
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Ecological Applications ◽  
Technological Improvements

AbstractThis paper presents a promising approach of using component-oriented geographical information systems (GIS) to facilitate improved medical and ecological applications. The integration of administrative geographical and medical data (map overlay) allows sophisticated and advanced analysis. This can serve as a basis to detect undiscovered relationships. We hope to increase the usage of geographical information by the creation of a general framework. This approach is mainly supported by two advances in recent years. Geographical data (e.g. administrative areas) is up-to-date, consistent and covers Germany completely. In addition, enormous technological improvements in the area of high-bandwidth networks and component-based software development have been made. These advances allowed to define our general framework for the integration of GIS functions into existing and already accepted applications.

Assessment of land-use change in coastal areas through geographical information systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Karla Teresa González-Figueroa ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Jesús Montoya-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Computer Based

Objective: This article describes and analyzes the main concepts of coastal ecosystems, these as a result of research concerning land-use change assessments in coastal areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: Scientific articles were searched using keywords in English and Spanish. Articles regarding land-use change assessment in coastal areas were selected, discarding those that although being on coastal zones and geographic and soil identification did not use Geographic Information System (GIS). Results: A GIS is a computer-based tool for evaluating the land-use change in coastal areas by quantifying variations. It is analyzed through GIS and its contributions; highlighting its importance and constant monitoring. Limitations of the study/Implications: This research analyzes national and international scientific information, published from 2007 to 2019, regarding the land-use change in coastal areas quantified with the digital GIS tool. Findings/Conclusions: GIS are useful tools in the identification and quantitative evaluation of changes in land-use in coastal ecosystems; which require constant evaluation due to their high dynamism.

A protocol for sampling pastures in hill country

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Hutchinson ◽  
D.R. Scobie ◽  
J. Beautrais ◽  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
G.M. Rennie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
Hill Country

To develop a protocol to guide pasture sampling for estimation of paddock pasture mass in hill country, a range of pasture sampling strategies, including random sampling, transects and stratification based on slope and aspect, were evaluated using simulations in a Geographical Information Systems computer environment. The accuracy and efficiency of each strategy was tested by sampling data obtained from intensive field measurements across several farms, regions and seasons. The number of measurements required to obtain an accurate estimate was related to the overall pasture mass and the topographic complexity of a paddock, with more variable paddocks requiring more samples. Random sampling from average slopes provided the best balance between simplicity and reliability. A draft protocol was developed from the simulations, in the form of a decision support tool, where visual determination of the topographic complexity of the paddock, along with the required accuracy, were used to guide the number of measurements recommended. The protocol was field tested and evaluated by groups of users for efficacy and ease of use. This sampling protocol will offer farmers, consultants and researchers an efficient, reliable and simple way to determine pasture mass in New Zealand hill country settings. Keywords: hill country, feed budgeting, protocol pasture mass, slope

Geoinformation research and vegetation mapping (digest based on the proceedings of the InterCarto. InterGIS conference. 1994–2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-98
Author(s):  
T. V. Kotova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Far East ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Geoinformation Technologies

Proceedings of the International conference (ИнтерКарто. ИнтерГИС, Russia) devoted to geographical information systems for sustainable development of territories have been published annually since 1994. The articles discuss theoretical and methodological aspects of geoinformation support for environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainable de­velop­ment, issues of geoinformatics, cartography, remote sensing of the Earth, problems of environmental sustainability and environmental impact assessment. Over a quarter of a century, the conference proceedings got more than 125 articles related to the use of geoinformation technologies to the study and mapping of vegetation. The review of proceedings gives the concrete examples how to solve problems of vegetation mapping using GIS, it is focused on publications providing some examples of GIS appli­cation to the vegetation studies. The review is organized into thematic sections according the field of application of Geoinformatics: 1.Vegetation, 2. Dynamics, state and ecological functions of vegetation, 3. Biodiversity and its assessment, 4. Plant resources, 5. Monitoring of vegetation. The Vegetation section contains publications on vegetation studies and mapping performed for some regions of Russia — the North of the Far East, the Republic of Sakha (Yaku­tia), the Tyva Republic, Central Siberia, and others. More than half of the articles are devoted to vegetation dynamics, state and ecological functions of vegetation at different hierarchical levels. Some papers present the results of the studies based on new types of information sources (photographs) and visualization methods (animation). The use of geoinformation technologies to study biological diversity was included in the agenda of five conference sessions and later reflected in more than ten publications. They cover the development and creation of GIS, the use of geoinformation technologies for the analysis, assessment and mapping of biodiversity, for its monitoring and conservation. Quite a large number of articles are devoted to the study of forest resources. GIS technologies were used to solve problems of forest management, cartometric analysis of forested areas, determination of taxation indicators, systematization of forest conditions, etc. Examples of geoinformation versatile research for medicinal plant resources are given to assess their quality, resources and productivity in the region, to identify growing areas, including ones to be protected. Most of the published materials concerning to vegetation monitoring mainly relate to forests and forest management.

PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF THE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS USE IN SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING AND RISK-BASED SUPERVISION

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.М. Studenikina ◽  
Yu.I. Stepkin ◽  
O.V. Klepikov ◽  
I.V. Kolnet ◽  
L.V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Information Portal ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Information Systems Use

The paper considers the problematic issues of the geographical information systems (GIS) use in the sociohygienic monitoring (SHM). We analyzed scientific and practical publications on this subject that are freely available on the largest Russian information portal of scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU during 2014- 2018, which allowed us to formulate the principles of organization and requirements for effective operation of geographic and information systems in the socio-hygienic monitoring. An analysis of the implementation of these principles at the present stage of development for the socio-hygienic monitoring system is presented, the results of which were used in formulating priority tasks in the area of geographic and information technology implementation into socio-hygienic monitoring and risk-based planning of control and supervisory measures: to determine the necessary level of detail and an information list depicted on electronic maps for the implementation of risk-based control planning; to provide organizational and regulatory and methodological support for the hierarchical principle of GIS within Rospotrebnadzor operating on a single software product of domestic developers for organizations and institutions; to work out the need to combine GIS with similar systems of other departments involved in the data collection of social and hygienic monitoring (Rosstat, Roshydromet, Rosprirodnadzor, Ministry of Health, etc.) to enable automated data export and import; to solve staffing issues to ensure customization and subsequent GIS operation; to provide budget funding for the purchase of licensed software products for GIS in SHM, preferably of Russian developers.

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