Spatial and Temporal Shifts in the Demographic Development of China at the End of the 20th and the Beginning of the 21st Centuries

The article provides an economic and geographical analysis of the demographic processes in China, considering a set of natural and geographic factors, selected to reflect the influence of the state policy of family planning, as well as the policy for the development of separate regions in the period under study. The methodology included the use of geoinformation technologies, classification method and geographical systematization. Based on the identified spatial differences at the level of provinces, radical and previously absent spatial shifts in the demographic processes in China were established for the first time. They consist in the formation of positive and negative dynamics zones, as well as natural increase and natural decline zones. The demographic balance, for the first time calculated for the provinces of China, for 2010 and 2019, made it possible to indicate the dominance of provinces of a progressive type (53.0%) and a zone of provinces of a regressive type (8.8%). The established trend proves not only a differentiation, but also a spatial polarization at the national level and acts as a phenomenon of modern demographic development in China, in the 21st century. The results of the geographical systematization of the demographic space has practical significance as it provides the opportunity to use this methodology at the microgeographic level in other territories and serves as a scientific justification for the development of the directions of China’s regional demographic policy.

DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL ARRAYS USING GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article examines the current problem of designing housing arrays. They would solve not only the problem of resettlement, but also all related problems, including parking of personal cars, employment of residents, a sufficient number of places for children in schools and kindergartens. In other words such housing arrays would be comfortable to live in and would have necessary infrastructure. Analysis of global design trends shows that these problems are solved in the design of satellite cities or semi-autonomous suburban areas. We have identified the existing pros and cons of these different approaches to design. We have chosen a centric planning approach semi-autonomous area as the most rational and efficient in urban planning. We used the ArcGIS geographic information system and a vector map to analyze the existing territory of Kharkiv and to select the construction site and further design the location of buildings and infrastructure. In particular, the “buffer zones” were used for the further placement of schools, kindergartens and shops. The usage of the "buffer zones" made it possible to locate these institutions optimally, depending on the number of potencial citizens. Basing on the historical aspects of Kharkiv, a quarterly division and quarterly buildings were chosen for the projecting area, due to the fact that each quarter will have its own urban ecosystem. An algorithm for performing such works was developed by designing a residential area. It can be divided into certain stages. This algorithm can be applied while performing similar works not only to Kharkiv, but also to other cities of Ukraine and the world. The article demonstrated the possibilities of geographic information systems in the design of new types of residential areas with highly developed social and transport infrastructure, harmonious development, as well as attractive to stakeholders and future residents.

VECTORIZATION OF MAPS OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LOGISTICS WITH HELP OF GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article is devoted to the traditional sphere of application of Geoinformation systems – logistics and use of Geoinformation technologies in the process of preparation of future logisticians on the basis of the offered technique of carrying out laboratory employment with use of vectorization of a rural settlement map. It is claimed that Geoinformation technologies allow to present statistical information on maps and provide tools for processing spatial statistical information with taking into account its qualitative and quantitative properties. The reasons of efficiency of the mechanism of the decision of a logistic problem are defined, some widespread ways of optimization of logistic activity on the basis of the geographical approach are considered and the directions of its optimization are established. The main professionally necessary tasks that represent a valuable part of cartographic literacy of future professionals in the field of logistics are highlighted. Due to the priority of development and detailing the maps of urban settlements, there is a decrease in attention to rural and remoted areas, which, to some extent, creates some inconvenience in designing transport routes to the necessary points of location. The sequence of laboratory work on vectorization of the selected part of the map of the rural settlement is offered. Comparing it with the modes "Satellite" and "Map" and adhering to the selected fixed scale, additional graphic prompts are applied. This work is performed in the training of specialists in the specialty 015.38 Professional Education (Transport) at Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical

USING OF GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY CONDITION OF ROADS

The article presents a method for assessing the quality of roads using geographic information technologies to create digital models of the road and the surrounding area. The construction of such digital models is performed on the basis of geospatial coordinates to be processed during the certification of roads. When processing data in specialized software packages, geometric parameters and indicators of compliance with traffic safety conditions are obtained on the basis of spatial coordinates. Based on the constructed digital models, the indicators of functional wear are estimated.

Special issue editorial: earth observation and geoinformation technologies for sustainable development

This editorial presents an introduction to fourteen papers published in the Special Issue of Earth Observation and Geoinformation Technologies for Sustainable Development in the Sustainability journal.