PROPOSED OBSERVATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM THE EARLY UNIVERSE VIA "MILLIKAN OIL DROPS"

Pairs of Planck-mass drops of superfluid helium coated by electrons (i.e. "Millikan oil drops"), when levitated in a superconducting magnetic trap, can be efficient quantum transducers between electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational (GR) radiation. This leads to the possibility of a Hertz-like experiment, in which EM waves are converted at the source into GR waves, and then back-converted at the receiver from GR waves into EM waves. Detection of the gravitational-wave analog of the cosmic microwave background using these drops can discriminate between various theories of the early Universe.

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INFLATION, QUANTUM FIELDS, AND CMB ANISOTROPIES

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271809016144 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 2329-2335 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

IVÁN AGULLÓ ◽

JOSÉ NAVARRO-SALAS ◽

GONZALO J. OLMO ◽

LEONARD PARKER

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Microwave Background ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Early Universe ◽

Inflationary Cosmology ◽

Quantum Field ◽

Quantum Fields ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Cosmological Inflation ◽

Near Future ◽

Field Renormalization

Inflationary cosmology has proven to be the most successful at predicting the properties of the anisotropies observed in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In this essay we show that quantum field renormalization significantly influences the generation of primordial perturbations and hence the expected measurable imprint of cosmological inflation on the CMB. However, the new predictions remain in agreement with observation, and in fact favor the simplest forms of inflation. In the near future, observations of the influence of gravitational waves from the early universe on the CMB will test our new predictions.

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Measuring the scalar induced gravitational waves from observations

The European Physical Journal C ◽

10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09405-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 81 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Jun Li ◽

Guang-Hai Guo

Keyword(s):

Power Spectrum ◽

Cosmic Microwave Background ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Cosmological Parameters ◽

Numerical Results ◽

Microwave Background ◽

High Frequencies ◽

Special Cases ◽

Relic Density

AbstractWe consider the scalar induced gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations and the gravitational wave observations. In the $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM+r model, we constrain the cosmological parameters within the evolution of the scalar induced gravitational waves by the additional scalar power spectrum. The two special cases called narrow power spectrum and wide power spectrum have influence on the cosmological parameters, especially the combinations of Planck18+BAO+BK15+LISA. We also compare these numerical results from four datasets within LIGO, LISA, IPTA and FAST projects, respectively. The constraints from FAST have a significant impact on tensor-to-scalar ratio. Besides, we only consider the relic density of induced gravitational waves with respect to different frequencies from CMB scale to high frequencies including the range of LIGO and LISA.

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THE POLARIZATION OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND DUE TO PRIMORDIAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x06033076 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 2459-2479 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

BRIAN G. KEATING ◽

ALEXANDER G. POLNAREV ◽

NATHAN J. MILLER ◽

DEEPAK BASKARAN

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Microwave Background ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Primordial Gravitational Waves ◽

Cmb Polarization ◽

Cosmological Inflation ◽

Gravitational Wave Background ◽

Review Current ◽

Rule Out

We review current observational constraints on the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), with a particular emphasis on detecting the signature of primordial gravitational waves. We present an analytic solution to the Polanarev approximation for CMB polarization produced by primordial gravitational waves. This simplifies the calculation of the curl, or B-mode power spectrum associated with gravitational waves during the epoch of cosmological inflation. We compare our analytic method to existing numerical methods and also make predictions for the sensitivity of upcoming CMB polarization observations to the inflationary gravitational wave background. We show that upcoming experiments should be able either detect the relic gravitational wave background or completely rule out whole classes of inflationary models.

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CMB anisotropy science: a review

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921312016663 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (S288) ◽

pp. 42-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anthony Challinor

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Cosmological Model ◽

Cosmic Microwave Background ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Early Universe ◽

Critical Role ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Fundamental Physics ◽

Standard Cosmological Model

AbstractThe cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides us with our most direct observational window to the early universe. Observations of the temperature and polarization anisotropies in the CMB have played a critical role in defining the now-standard cosmological model. In this contribution we review some of the basics of CMB science, highlighting the role of observations made with ground-based and balloon-borne Antarctic telescopes. Most of the ingredients of the standard cosmological model are poorly understood in terms of fundamental physics. We discuss how current and future CMB observations can address some of these issues, focusing on two directly relevant for Antarctic programmes: searching for gravitational waves from inflation via B-mode polarization, and mapping dark matter through CMB lensing.

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A CMB B-mode Search with Three Years of BICEP Observations

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921312016687 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (S288) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Colin Bischoff ◽

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Microwave Background ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Integration Time ◽

South Pole ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Promising Technique ◽

Primordial Gravitational Waves ◽

Gravitational Wave Background

AbstractThe search for B-mode, or curl-type, polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background is the most promising technique to constrain or detect primordial gravitational waves predicted by the theory of inflation. The Bicep telescope, which observed from the South Pole for three years from 2006 through 2008, is the first experiment specifically designed to target this signal. We review the observational motivations for inflation, the advantages of B-mode observations as a technique for detecting the gravitational wave background, and the design features of Bicep that optimize it for this search. The final analysis of all three seasons of Bicep data is in progress, representing a 50% increase in integration time compared to the result from Chiang et al. (2010). A preview of the three year result includes E-mode and B-mode maps, as well as the projected constraint on r, the tensor-to-scalar ratio.

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Non-Gaussian stochastic gravitational waves from phase transitions

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep11(2021)107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Soubhik Kumar ◽

Raman Sundrum ◽

Yuhsin Tsai

Keyword(s):

Phase Transitions ◽

Cosmic Microwave Background ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Large Scale ◽

Large Scale Structure ◽

Scale Structure ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Gravitational Wave Detectors ◽

Non Gaussian

Abstract Cosmological phase transitions in the primordial universe can produce anisotropic stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds (GWB), similar to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). For adiabatic perturbations, the fluctuations in GWB follow those in the CMB, but if primordial fluctuations carry an isocurvature component, this need no longer be true. It is shown that in non-minimal inflationary and reheating settings, primordial isocurvature can survive in GWB and exhibit significant non-Gaussianity (NG) in contrast to the CMB, while obeying current observational bounds. While probing such NG GWB is at best a marginal possibility at LISA, there is much greater scope at future proposed detectors such as DECIGO and BBO. It is even possible that the first observations of inflation-era NG could be made with gravitational wave detectors as opposed to the CMB or Large-Scale Structure surveys.

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