scholarly journals Inhomogeneities in the light curves of gamma-ray bursts afterglow

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1844012
Author(s):  
Elena Mazaeva ◽  
Alexei Pozanenko ◽  
Pavel Minaev
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
X Ray

We discuss the inhomogeneous behavior of gamma-ray burst afterglow light curves in optic. We use well-sampled light curves based on mostly our own observations to find and identify deviations (inhomogeneities) from broken power law. By the inhomogeneous behavior we mean flashes, bumps, slow deviations from power law (wiggles) in a light curve. In particular we report parameters of broken power law, describe phenomenology, compare optical light curves with X-ray ones and classify the inhomogeneities. We show that the duration of the inhomogeneities correlates with their peak time relative to gamma-ray burst (GRB) trigger and the correlation is the same for all types of inhomogeneities.

Decay phases of Swift X-ray afterglows and the forward-shock model

2007 ◽  
Vol 365 (1854) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Power Law Decay ◽  
Decay Index ◽  
Shock Region ◽  
Forward Shock

The X-ray flux of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows monitored by the Swift satellite from January 2005 to July 2006 displays one to four phases of flux power-law decay. In chronological order, they are: the GRB tail, the ‘hump’, the standard decay and the post-jet-break decay. More than half of the GRB tails can be identified with the large-angle emission produced during the burst (but arriving later at observer). The remaining, slower GRB tails imply that the gamma-ray mechanism continues to radiate after the burst, as also suggested by the frequent occurrence of X-ray flares during the burst tail. The several GRB tails exhibiting a slow unbroken power-law decay until 100 ks must be attributed to the forward shock. In fact, the decay of most GRB tails is also consistent with that of the forward-shock emission from a narrow jet. The X-ray light-curve hump may be due to an increase of the kinetic energy per solid angle of the forward-shock region visible to the observer, caused by either the transfer of energy from ejecta to the forward shock or the emergence of the emission from an outflow seen from a location outside the jet opening. The decay following the X-ray light-curve hump is consistent with the emission from an adiabatic blast wave but, contrary to expectations, the light-curve decay index and spectral slope during this phase are not correlated. The X-ray light curves of two dozens X-ray afterglows that followed for more than a week do not exhibit a jet break, in contrast with the behaviour of pre-Swift optical afterglows, which displayed jet breaks at 0.5–2 days. Nevertheless, the X-ray light curves of several Swift afterglows show a second steepening break at 0.4–3 days that is consistent with the break expected for a jet when its edge becomes visible to the observer.

scholarly journals Luminous supernovae associated with ultra-long gamma-ray bursts from hydrogen-free progenitors extended by pulsational pair-instability

2020 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. L10
Author(s):  
Takashi J. Moriya ◽  
Pablo Marchant ◽  
Sergei I. Blinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Decay Energy ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
The Core ◽  
Optical Light Curve

We show that the luminous supernovae associated with ultra-long gamma-ray bursts can be related to the slow cooling from the explosions of hydrogen-free progenitors that are extended by pulsational pair-instability. We have recently shown that some rapidly-rotating hydrogen-free gamma-ray burst progenitors that experience pulsational pair-instability can keep an extended structure caused by pulsational pair-instability until the core collapse. These types of progenitors have large radii exceeding 10 R⊙ and they sometimes reach beyond 1000 R⊙ at the time of the core collapse. They are, therefore, promising progenitors of ultra-long gamma-ray bursts. Here, we perform light-curve modeling of the explosions of one extended hydrogen-free progenitor with a radius of 1962 R⊙. The progenitor mass is 50 M⊙ and 5 M⊙ exists in the extended envelope. We use the one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics code STELLA in which the explosions are initiated artificially by setting given explosion energy and 56Ni mass. Thanks to the large progenitor radius, the ejecta experience slow cooling after the shock breakout and they become rapidly evolving (≲10 days), luminous (≳1043 erg s−1) supernovae in the optical even without energy input from the 56Ni nuclear decay when the explosion energy is more than 1052 erg. The 56Ni decay energy input can affect the light curves after the optical light-curve peak and make the light-curve decay slowly when the 56Ni mass is around 1 M⊙. They also have a fast photospheric velocity above 10 000 km s−1 and a hot photospheric temperature above 10 000 K at around the peak luminosity. We find that the rapid rise and luminous peak found in the optical light curve of SN 2011kl, which is associated with the ultra-long gamma-ray burst GRB 111209A, can be explained as the cooling phase of the extended progenitor. The subsequent slow light-curve decline can be related to the 56Ni decay energy input. The ultra-long gamma-ray burst progenitors we proposed recently can explain both the ultra-long gamma-ray burst duration and the accompanying supernova properties. When the gamma-ray burst jet is off-axis or choked, the luminous supernovae could be observed as fast blue optical transients without accompanying gamma-ray bursts.

scholarly journals Evidence of X-Ray Plateaus Driven by the Magnetar Spindown Winds in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Shu-Jin Hou ◽  
Shuang Du ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Hui-Jun Mu ◽  
Ren-Xin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Decay Phase ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Central Engine

Abstract The central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains an open and cutting-edge topic in the era of multimessenger astrophysics. X-ray plateaus appear in some GRB afterglows, which are widely considered to originate from the spindown of magnetars. According to the stable magnetar scenario of GRBs, an X-ray plateau and a decay phase ∼t −2 should appear in X-ray afterglows. Meanwhile, the “normal” X-ray afterglow is produced by the external shock from a GRB fireball. We analyze the Neil Gehrels Swift GRB data, then find three gold samples that have an X-ray plateau and a decay phase ∼t −2 superimposed on the jet-driven normal component. Based on these features of the lightcurves, we argue that the magnetars should be the central engines of these three GRBs. Future joint multimessenger observations might further test this possibility, which can then be beneficial to constrain GRB physics.

scholarly journals Are the missing X-ray breaks in gamma-ray burst afterglow light curves merely hidden?

2008 ◽  
Vol 386 (2) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Curran ◽  
A. J. van der Horst ◽  
R. A. M. J. Wijers
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Evidence for chromatic X-ray light-curve breaks in Swift gamma-ray burst afterglows and their theoretical implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 369 (4) ◽  
pp. 2059-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Panaitescu ◽  
P. Mészáros ◽  
D. Burrows ◽  
J. Nousek ◽  
N. Gehrels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Gamma-Ray Burst Observations with BATSE

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
New Era ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Random Direction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Phenomena

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) will be recorded as one of the outstanding new phenomena discovered in astronomy this century. About once per day, a burst of gamma rays appears from a random direction on the sky. Often, the burst outshines all other sources of gamma-rays in the sky, combined. This paper reviews some of the key observed phenomenon of bursts in the hard x-ray/gamma-ray region, as observed with the BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. The observed time profiles, spectral properties and durations of gamma-ray bursts cover a wide range. Recent breakthroughs in the observation of gamma-ray burst counterparts and afterglows in other wavelength regions have marked the beginning of a new era in gamma-ray burst research. Those observations are described in following papers in these proceedings.

Precursors of short gamma-ray bursts detected by the INTEGRAL observatory

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1844013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Minaev ◽  
Alexei Pozanenko ◽  
Sergei Molkov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Light Curve ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Short Grbs

We have analyzed the light curves of 527 short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) registered by the SPI-ACS, SPI and IBIS/ISGRI experiments of INTEGRAL observatory totally to search for precursors. Both the light curves of each 527 individual burst and the averaged light curve of 372 brightest SPI-ACS bursts have been analyzed. In a few cases, we have found and investigated precursor candidates using SPI-ACS, SPI and IBIS/ISGRI of INTEGRAL, GBM and LAT of Fermi data. No convincing evidence for the existence of precursors of short GRBs has been found. A statistical analysis of the averaged light curve for the sample of brightest short bursts has revealed no regular precursor. Upper limits for the relative intensity of precursors have been estimated. We show that the fraction of short GRBs with precursors is less than 0.4% of all short bursts, detected by INTEGRAL.

X‐Ray Light Curves of Gamma‐Ray Bursts Detected with the All‐Sky Monitor on RXTE

2002 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Smith ◽  
A. Levine ◽  
H. Bradt ◽  
K. Hurley ◽  
M. Feroci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sky Monitor

scholarly journals Discovery of X-Ray Counterparts to Gamma Ray Bursts by BeppoSAX

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
L. Piro
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
X Ray

The nature of Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) has been the object of many investigations but their origin has remained a mistery primarily for the difficulties in finding a counterpart. This difficulty derived from the intrinsically poor positioning capability of available GRB detectors.

scholarly journals X-ray plateaus in gamma-ray bursts’ light curves from jets viewed slightly off-axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 492 (2) ◽  
pp. 2847-2857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paz Beniamini ◽  
Raphaël Duque ◽  
Frédéric Daigne ◽  
Robert Mochkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Late Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Narrow Region ◽  
Central Engine ◽  
Γ Rays

ABSTRACT Using multiple observational arguments, recent work has shown that cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are typically viewed at angles within, or close to the cores of their relativistic jets. One of those arguments relied on the lack of tens-of-days-long periods of very shallow evolution that would be seen in the afterglow light curves of GRBs viewed at large angles. Motivated by these results, we consider that GRBs efficiently produce γ-rays only within a narrow region around the core. We show that, on these near-core lines of sight, structured jets naturally produce shallow phases in the X-ray afterglow of GRBs. These plateaus would be seen by a large fraction of observers and would last between 102–105 s. They naturally reproduce the observed distributions of time-scales and luminosities as well as the intercorrelations between plateau duration, plateau luminosity, and prompt γ-ray energy. An advantage of this interpretation is that it involves no late-time energy injection which would be both challenging from the point of view of the central engine and, as we show here, less natural given the observed correlations between plateau and prompt properties.

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