scholarly journals Will gravitational waves discover the first extra-galactic planetary system?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2043007
Author(s):  
Camilla Danielski ◽  
Nicola Tamanini
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary System ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Satellite Galaxies ◽  
The Universe

Gravitational waves have opened a new observational window through which some of the most exotic objects in the universe, as well as some of the secrets of gravitation itself, can now be revealed. Among all these new discoveries, we recently demonstrated15 that space-based gravitational wave observations will have the potential to detect a new population of massive circumbinary exoplanets everywhere inside our Galaxy. In this paper, we argue that these circumbinary planetary systems can also be detected outside the Milky Way, in particular within its satellite galaxies. Space-based gravitational wave observations might thus constitute the mean to detect the first extra-galactic planetary system, a target beyond the reach of standard electromagnetic searches.

The Long View of Planetary Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Schrijver
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Giant Planets ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Population Statistics ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
The Universe

How many planetary systems formed before our’s did, and how many will form after? How old is the average exoplanet in the Galaxy? When did the earliest planets start forming? How different are the ages of terrestrial and giant planets? And, ultimately, what will the fate be of our Solar System, of the Milky Way Galaxy, and of the Universe around us? We cannot know the fate of individual exoplanets with great certainty, but based on population statistics this chapter sketches the past, present, and future of exoworlds and of our Earth in general terms.

scholarly journals The gravitational-wave physics

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Gen Cai ◽  
Zhoujian Cao ◽  
Zong-Kuan Guo ◽  
Shao-Jiang Wang ◽  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
First Order ◽  
Compact Binary ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
The Universe

Abstract The direct detection of gravitational wave by Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory indicates the coming of the era of gravitational-wave astronomy and gravitational-wave cosmology. It is expected that more and more gravitational-wave events will be detected by currently existing and planned gravitational-wave detectors. The gravitational waves open a new window to explore the Universe and various mysteries will be disclosed through the gravitational-wave detection, combined with other cosmological probes. The gravitational-wave physics is not only related to gravitation theory, but also is closely tied to fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this review article, three kinds of sources of gravitational waves and relevant physics will be discussed, namely gravitational waves produced during the inflation and preheating phases of the Universe, the gravitational waves produced during the first-order phase transition as the Universe cools down and the gravitational waves from the three phases: inspiral, merger and ringdown of a compact binary system, respectively. We will also discuss the gravitational waves as a standard siren to explore the evolution of the Universe.

scholarly journals Optical Illusion by Red Shif

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milky Way ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Optical Illusion ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
System A ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

If all the stars outside our galaxy show the same red shift and pretend expansion of the universe, then it’s probably up to us. We know that the Milky Way is contracting. We expect a blue shift, which we cannot see. Instead of the blue shift, the stars of the Milky Way can be seen as fixed stars. The reason is that the distance is given in meters and decreases as much as the speed of light measured in meters per second. Although in our system a change in the speed of light is neither measurable nor observable, but it seems to be working.

scholarly journals The progress of gravitational wave detection in China and its further physical application

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022046
Author(s):  
Zihan Liu ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Zeyu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Gravitational Wave Detection ◽  
Wave Detection ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Contemporarily, a gravitational wave is one of the most important approaches to gather information from the enormous universe. In short, a gravitational wave is a wave that carries energy, and it is created by the acceleration of massive celestial body propagation with a speed of light. This paper discusses the recent progress of gravitational wave detection in China and clarifies our own opinion on future development. Specifically, a basic description is first presented about the definition and basic knowledge for gravitational wave models and detection methods. Subsequently, this section contains the plan and achievement of the Chinese gravitational wave observatory. Finally, the usages and applications of the gravitational wave to help to detect more phenomena in the universe are demonstrated. These results shed light on a clearer picture of gravitational waves, which may offer a better understanding of the background, principle of detection, and the uses of gravitational waves, i.e., emphasizes its importance in modern astrophysics scientific researches.

4. What are planets made of?

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-75
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Pierrehumbert
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
First Stars ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

‘What are planets made of?’ assesses what planets are made of, beginning by looking at the life cycle of stars, and the kinds of stars which populate the Universe. Although the first stars of the Universe could not have formed planetary systems, the process did not take long to get under way. The Milky Way galaxy formed not long after the Big Bang and has been building its stock of heavy elements ever since. Thus, our Solar System incorporates ingredients from a mix of myriad expired stars, most of which have been processed multiple times through short-lived stars.

scholarly journals Planetary systems formation and the diversity of extrasolar systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S276) ◽  
pp. 441-442
Author(s):  
Yamila Miguel ◽  
Octavio M. Guilera ◽  
Adrián Brunini
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Planetary System ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Extrasolar Systems ◽  
Planetary Migration ◽  
The Universe

AbstractWith the end of answer questions as, how common are planetary systems like our own in the Universe? and What is the diversity of planetary systems that we could find in the universe?, we develop a semi-analytical model for computing planetary systems formation and consider different initial conditions for generating a large sample of planetary systems, which is analysed statistically. We explore the effects in the planetary system architecture of assuming different initial disc profiles and planetary migration rates.

The development of ground based gravitational wave astronomy and opportunities for Australia–China collaboration

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 1545019
Author(s):  
David Blair ◽  
Li Ju ◽  
Chunnong Zhao ◽  
Linqing Wen ◽  
Qi Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
The Universe

This paper begins by reviewing the development of gravitational wave astronomy from the first predictions of gravitational waves to development of technologies across the entire gravitational wave spectrum, and then focuses on the current status of ground based gravitational wave detectors. With substantial improvements already demonstrated in early commissioning it is emphasised that Advanced detectors are on track for first detection of gravitational waves. The importance of a worldwide array of detectors is emphasised, and recent results are shown that demonstrate the continued advantage of a southern hemisphere detector. Finally it is shown that a north–south pair of 8 km arm length detectors would give rise to a dramatic improvement in event rate, enabling a pair of detectors to encompass a 64-times larger volume of the universe, to conduct a census on all stellar mass black hole mergers to [Formula: see text] and to observe neutron star mergers to a distance of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]800 Mpc.

scholarly journals Constraining the nanohertz gravitational wave background with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S291) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Ryan Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Massive Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background ◽  
Pulsar Timing Array ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe direct detection of gravitational waves will usher in a new era of astrophysics, enabling the study of regions of the universe opaque to electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetically quiet. An ensemble of pulsars (referred to as a pulsar timing array) provides a set of clocks distributed across the Galaxy sensitive to gravitational waves with periods on the order of five years (frequencies of many nanohertz). Plausible source of gravitational waves in this frequency band include massive black hole binaries in the throes of mergers and oscillating cosmic strings. The stochastic gravitational wave background, the sum of gravitational waves emitted throughout the universe, is the most likely signal to be detected by a pulsar timing array.While the detection of gravitational waves will be a milestone in pulsar astronomy, a constraining limit on the strength of the gravitational wave background can be used to constrain cosmological models and early Universe physics. Here we present a new algorithm that can be used to constrain the strength of the GWB with a pulsar timing array. We then apply this technique to Parkes Pulsar Timing Array observations and place a new limit on the strength of the GWB. We conclude by discussing the astrophysical implications of this limit and the prospects for detecting gravitational waves with pulsars.

Space gravitational-wave antennas DECIGO and B-DECIGO

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1845001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Kawamura ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Masaki Ando ◽  
Naoki Seto ◽  
Tomotada Akutsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wave Antenna ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Gravitational Wave Antenna ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Important Objective

DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (DECIGO) is a future Japanese space gravitational-wave antenna. The most important objective of DECIGO, among various sciences to be aimed at, is to detect gravitational waves coming from the inflation of the universe. DECIGO consists of four clusters of spacecraft, and each cluster consists of three spacecraft with three Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers. As a pathfinder mission of DECIGO, B-DECIGO will be launched, hopefully in the 2020s, to demonstrate technologies necessary for DECIGO as well as to lead to fruitful multimessenger astronomy. B-DECIGO is a small-scale or simpler version of DECIGO with the sensitivity slightly worse than that of DECIGO, yet good enough to provide frequent detection of gravitational waves.

scholarly journals Distances and ages of globular clusters

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S248) ◽  
pp. 440-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chaboyer
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Age Determinations

AbstractAs the oldest objects whose ages can be accurately determined, Galactic globular clusters can be used to establish the minimum age of the universe (and hence, to constrain cosmological models) and to study the early formation history of the Milky Way. The largest uncertainty in the determination of globular cluster ages is the distance scale. The current uncertainty in the distances to globular clusters is ~ 6%, which leads to a 13% uncertainty in the absolute ages of globular clusters. I am the PI on a SIM-Planetquest key project to determine the distances of 21 globular clusters with an accuracy of ranging from 1 to 4%. This will lead to age determinations accurate to 5 − 9%. The mean age of the oldest, most metal-poor globular clusters will be determined with an accuracy of ±3%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document