A NEW THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC, WEAK AND STRONG INTERACTIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 177-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOKRATES T. PANTELIDES
Keyword(s):  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Lepton Pairs ◽  
Mixing Angle ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Photon Field ◽  
New Interpretation

The Higgs mechanism for imparting masses to gauge bosons and matter particles is obviated by showing that Yang–Mills gauge bosons have intrinsic nonzero masses (rest-frame energies) from self-interactions. Electroweak (EW) mixing is ruled out because it produces a photon field that is massive, carries EW charge, and does not satisfy Maxwell's equations. Other fundamental difficulties of the Standard Model are identified. A new gauge theory of electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions is derived from the Dirac equation with no other postulates and no free parameters. The three forces are intrinsically unified, the photon field is Maxwellian, weak interactions derive from spin (not isospin), and the weak and strong bosons are naturally massive and chiral. Charge is naturally quantized to integral values. Three generations of lepton pairs and elementary-hadron pairs, all with integral charges, are predicted, contradicting the phenomenology of fractional quark charges, but in full accord with experimental data on weak and strong processes and composite hadrons. Neutrinos are massive. The Dirac masses, the fine structure constant, neutrino oscillations and Cabibbo mixing are shown to have a common origin in the gravitational field. The new theory leads to a new interpretation of "negative energies" with cosmological implications. Finally, it is shown that key expressions of the EW formalism agree with those of the new theory and with experiments only if the mixing angle θ is given by sin 2 θ = 0.25, which accounts for the EW model's successes.

scholarly journals Theory of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Electron

Atoms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsumi Aoyama ◽  
Toichiro Kinoshita ◽  
Makiko Nio
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Anomalous Magnetic Moment ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Penning Trap ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Perturbation Expansion ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Best Value

The anomalous magnetic moment of the electron a e measured in a Penning trap occupies a unique position among high precision measurements of physical constants in the sense that it can be compared directly with the theoretical calculation based on the renormalized quantum electrodynamics (QED) to high orders of perturbation expansion in the fine structure constant α , with an effective parameter α / π . Both numerical and analytic evaluations of a e up to ( α / π ) 4 are firmly established. The coefficient of ( α / π ) 5 has been obtained recently by an extensive numerical integration. The contributions of hadronic and weak interactions have also been estimated. The sum of all these terms leads to a e ( theory ) = 1 159 652 181.606 ( 11 ) ( 12 ) ( 229 ) × 10 − 12 , where the first two uncertainties are from the tenth-order QED term and the hadronic term, respectively. The third and largest uncertainty comes from the current best value of the fine-structure constant derived from the cesium recoil measurement: α − 1 ( Cs ) = 137.035 999 046 ( 27 ) . The discrepancy between a e ( theory ) and a e ( ( experiment ) ) is 2.4 σ . Assuming that the standard model is valid so that a e (theory) = a e (experiment) holds, we obtain α − 1 ( a e ) = 137.035 999 1496 ( 13 ) ( 14 ) ( 330 ) , which is nearly as accurate as α − 1 ( Cs ) . The uncertainties are from the tenth-order QED term, hadronic term, and the best measurement of a e , in this order.

scholarly journals The World as Quarks, Leptons and Bosons

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gell-Mann
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
The World

A descriptive review is given of gauge theories of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions. The strong interactions are interpreted in terms of an unbroken Yang-Mills gauge theory based on SU(3) colour symmetry of quarks and gluons. The confinement mechanism of quarks, gluons and other nonsinglets is discussed. The unification of the weak and electromagnetic interactions through a broken Yang-Mills gauge theory is described. In total the basic constituents are then the quarks, leptons and gauge bosons.

scholarly journals PHASE TRANSITION COUPLINGS IN U(1) and SU(N) REGULARIZED GAUGE THEORIES

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 3989-4009 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. LAPERASHVILI ◽  
D. A. RYZHIKH ◽  
H. B. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Loop Approximation

Using a two-loop approximation for β functions, we have considered the corresponding renormalization group improved effective potential in the dual Abelian Higgs model (DAHM) of scalar monopoles and calculated the phase transition (critical) couplings in U(1) and SU (N) regularized gauge theories. In contrast to our previous result α crit ≈0.17, obtained in the one-loop approximation with the DAHM effective potential (see Ref. 20), the critical value of the electric fine structure constant in the two-loop approximation, calculated in the present paper, is equal to α crit ≈0.208 and coincides with the lattice result for compact QED10: [Formula: see text]. Following the 't Hooft's idea of the "Abelization" of monopole vacuum in the Yang–Mills theories, we have obtained an estimation of the SU (N) triple point coupling constants, which is [Formula: see text]. This relation was used for the description of the Planck scale values of the inverse running constants [Formula: see text] (i= 1, 2, 3 correspond to U(1), SU(2) and SU(3) groups), according to the ideas of the multiple point model.16

scholarly journals On a Possible Logarithmic Connection between Einstein’s Constant and the Fine-Structure Constant, in Relation to a Zero-energy Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Andrei-Lucian Drăgoi
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
W Boson ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Logarithmic Connection

This paper brings into attention a possible logarithmic connection between Einstein’s constant and the fine-structure constant, based on a hypothetical electro-gravitational resistivity of vacuum: we also propose a zero-energy hypothesis (ZEH) which is essentially a conservation principle applied on zero-energy that mainly states a general quadratic equation having a pair of conjugate mass solutions for each set of coefficients, thus predicting a new type of mass “symmetry” called here “mass conjugation” between elementary particles (EPs) which predicts the zero/non-zero rest masses of all known/unknown EPs to be conjugated in boson-fermion pairs; ZEH proposes a general formula for all the rest masses of all EPs from Standard model, also indicating a possible bijective connection between the three types of neutrinos and the massless bosons (photon, gluon and the hypothetical graviton), between the electron/positron and the W boson and predicting two distinct types of neutral massless fermions (modelled as conjugates of the Higgs boson and Z boson respectively) which are plausible candidates for dark energy and dark matter. ZEH also offers a new interpretation of Planck length as the approximate length threshold above which the rest masses of all known elementary particles have real number values (with mass units) instead of complex/imaginary number values (as predicted by the unique quadratic equation proposed by ZEH).

scholarly journals Quantum Theory Without Classical Time: Octonions, and a Theoretical Derivation of the Fine Structure Constant 1/137

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEJINDER P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spacetime Theory

There must exist a reformulation of quantum field theory which does not refer to classical time. We propose a pre-quantum, pre-spacetime theory, which is a matrix-valued Lagrangian dynamics for gravity, Yang-Mills fields, and fermions. The definition of spin in this theory leads us to an eight dimensional octonionic space-time. The algebra of the octonions reveals the standard model; model parameters are determined by roots of the cubic characteristic equation of the exceptional Jordan algebra. We derive the asymptotic low energy value 1/137 of the fine structure constant, and predict the existence of universally interacting spin one Lorentz bosons, which replace the hypothesised graviton. Gravity is not to be quantized, but is an emergent four-dimensional classical phenomenon, precipitated by the spontaneous localisation of highly entangled fermions.

scholarly journals Quantum theory without classical time: Octonions, and a theoretical derivation of the Fine Structure Constant 1/137

2021 ◽  
pp. 2142010
Author(s):  
Tejinder P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spacetime Theory

There must exist a reformulation of quantum field theory which does not refer to classical time. We propose a pre-quantum, pre-spacetime theory, which is a matrix-valued Lagrangian dynamics for gravity, Yang–Mills fields, and fermions. The definition of spin in this theory leads us to an eight-dimensional octonionic spacetime. The algebra of the octonions reveals the standard model; model parameters are determined by roots of the cubic characteristic equation of the exceptional Jordan algebra. We derive the asymptotic low-energy value 1/137 of the fine structure constant, and predict the existence of universally interacting spin one Lorentz bosons, which replace the hypothesised graviton. Gravity is not to be quantized, but is an emergent four-dimensional classical phenomenon, precipitated by the spontaneous localisation of highly entangled fermions.

scholarly journals Unification and supersymmetry

1983 ◽  
Vol 310 (1512) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
Grand Unified Theories ◽  
Mixing Parameter ◽  
Unified Theories

Current attempts to construct unified theories of fundamental particles and their interactions are described, with emphasis on their ability to understand the values of the fundamental constants. Examples include grand unified theories, which enable one to estimate the fine structure constant, the neutral weak interaction mixing parameter and certain quark masses. Finally, a review will be presented of the prospects offered by supersymmetry for understanding the scale of the weak interactions and for an eventual unification with gravity.

scholarly journals NLO prediction for the decays $\tau \to \ell \ell'\ell' \nu \bar \nu$ and $\mu \to e e e \nu \bar\nu$

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Fael
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Space Region ◽  
Leptonic Decays ◽  
Charged Leptons ◽  
Lepton Flavour

These proceedings review the differential decay rates and the branching ratios of the tau and muon decays \tau \to \ell \ell' \ell' \nu \bar\nuτ→ℓℓ′ℓ′νν‾ (with \ell,\ell'=\mu,eℓ,ℓ′=μ,e) and \mu \to e e e \nu \bar \nuμ→eeeνν‾ in the Standard Model at NLO. These five-body leptonic decays are a tool to study the Lorentz structure of weak interactions and to test lepton flavour universality. They are also a source of SM background to searches for the lepton-flavour-violating decays \mu \to e e eμ→eee and \tau \to \ell \ell' \ell'τ→ℓℓ′ℓ′.Even if the shift in the branching ratios induced by radiative corrections turns out to be small and of order 1% — mainly due to a running effect of the fine structure constant — locally in the phase space these corrections can reach the 5 - 10% level, depending on the applied cuts. We found for instance that in the phase space region where the neutrino energies are small, and the momenta of the three charged leptons have a similar signature as in \mu \to eeeμ→eee and \tau \to \ell \ell'\ell'τ→ℓℓ′ℓ′, the NLO corrections decrease the leading-order prediction by about 10 - 20%.

scholarly journals New Limit on Space-Time Variations in the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Analysis of Quasar J110325-264515 Spectra

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
T. D. Le
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Quasar Spectra ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Universe

Astrophysical tests of current values for dimensionless constants known on Earth, such as the fine-structure constant, α , and proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ = m p / m e , are communicated using data from high-resolution quasar spectra in different regions or epochs of the universe. The symmetry wavelengths of [Fe II] lines from redshifted quasar spectra of J110325-264515 and their corresponding values in the laboratory were combined to find a new limit on space-time variations in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, ∆ μ / μ = ( 0.096 ± 0.182 ) × 10 − 7 . The results show how the indicated astrophysical observations can further improve the accuracy and space-time variations of physics constants.

scholarly journals Challenges for a QCD axion at the 10 MeV scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Navin McGinnis ◽  
Carlos E. M. Wagner ◽  
Xiao-Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Standard Model Extension ◽  
Mixing Angles ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Model Extension ◽  
The One

Abstract We report on an interesting realization of the QCD axion, with mass in the range $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (10) MeV. It has previously been shown that although this scenario is stringently constrained from multiple sources, the model remains viable for a range of parameters that leads to an explanation of the Atomki experiment anomaly. In this article we study in more detail the additional constraints proceeding from recent low energy experiments and study the compatibility of the allowed parameter space with the one leading to consistency of the most recent measurements of the electron anomalous magnetic moment and the fine structure constant. We further provide an ultraviolet completion of this axion variant and show the conditions under which it may lead to the observed quark masses and CKM mixing angles, and remain consistent with experimental constraints on the extended scalar sector appearing in this Standard Model extension. In particular, the decay of the Standard Model-like Higgs boson into two light axions may be relevant and leads to a novel Higgs boson signature that may be searched for at the LHC in the near future.

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