ISOSPIN DEPENDENT OSCILLATOR SPACING FOR NEUTRONS AND PROTONS IN NUCLEI USING HF-BCS RADII

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. LALAZISSIS ◽  
C.P. PANOS
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Neutron Number ◽  
Asymptotic Formulas ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Nuclear Radius ◽  
Proton Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The oscillator spacing for neutrons (ħωn) and protons (ħωp) is calculated as a function of the neutron number N and the proton number Z. The dependence of ħωn(ħωp) on N and Z is established employing a parametrization for the mean square nuclear radius obtained from HF-BCS calculations. It turns out that the difference ħωn−ħωp is appreciable, because ħω amplifies small differences of root mean square radii. It is also seen that the correction due to valence nucleons is important for relatively light and medium heavy nuclei. Satisfactory and simple approximate asymptotic formulas for ħωn(N, Z) and ħωp(N, Z) are also derived, which can be used in practice. Finally, the validity of our various approaches is checked and a possible application is also discussed.

scholarly journals On an extension of the stochastic linearization

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Di Paola Mario ◽  
Nguyen Dong Anh
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Equation ◽  
Random Excitation ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Fundamental Idea ◽  
Stochastic Linearization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Stochastic linearization method is one of the most useful tools for analysis of nonlinear systems under random excitation. The fundamental idea of the classical stochastic linearization consists in replacing the original nonlinear equation by a linear one in such a way that the difference between two equations is minimized in the mean square value. In this paper a new version of the stochastic linearization is proposed. It is shown that for two nonlinear systems considered the new version gives good results for both the weak and strong nonlinearities.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT VERSIONS ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF GILTS OF THEIR TRAITS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY CONSOLIDATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
M. V. Tserenyuk ◽  
O. M. Tserenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Current Instruction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

In addition to assessing the absolute performance of animals, the impact of certain technological approaches, breeding influence and other external organized factors on the consolidation of pigs groups on certain grounds should be evaluated. Breeding consolidation is a desirable breeding process that is realized through more motivated consolidation of intra-breeding structural units for maintaining a significant level of intergroup differentiation and variability. If the issue relates to the rearing young animals that are introduced into the herd, this is the most urgent issue that needs to be monitored. The purpose of the research is to determine the consociality of the main signs of reproductive ability of the gilts, which are checked at different rates of artificial insemination of sows of the main herd. The research was carried out at the Shubs`ke farm in the Bogoduhivsky District of Kharkiv Oblast at the pig farm for the pure breeding of the Welsh breed pigs (breeding reproductive status from 2014). In order to evaluate the optimal multiplicity (from single to triple), a gilts with a total of 30 heads was selected. The main indicators of reproductive ability of gilts (multiplicity, weight of nest at birth and excommunication and keeping piglets before weaning on day 28) were evaluated. Recalculation on the weight of the litter at weaning at the weight of the nest at extermination in 60 days was carried out in accordance with the current instruction on the boning of pigs. The results of researches were worked out according to traditional methods by the method of variation statistics. Consolidation of individual indicators of reproductive capacity of gilts was calculated to the total number of evaluated animals. In the previous stage of the research, it was found that the use of multiple insemination of gilts compared to single insemination is positively reflected at the level of their reproductive ability. A decrease in the percentage of non-productive inseminants in animal groups has been established. Triple insemination of gilts allows for 1.14 piglets to be obtained more compared to single insemination of the same pigs (p < 0.01). Also, for three times insemination of gilts, in comparison with single insemination, larger nest for weaning were obtained (by 14.24 kg, converted to 60th day p < 0.01). At the same time, the reduction in the keeping of piglets to weaning for increase frequency of insemination of gilts. According to the multiplicity of gilts, the most consolidated level of symptoms per group was obtained for single insemination. Increasing the multiplicity of insemination negatively affected the consolidation of the multiplicity of the piglets (as for determining the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation due to the mean square deviation, so, and for determining the coefficient of variability). The least consolidated in terms of multiplicity were uterus for double insemination. It should also be noted that there is little difference, in general, on the indicators of the theonotypical consolidation of the multiplicity of piglets between different groups of animals. So this difference between the most contrasting groups was 0.447 points for determining the coefficients due to the mean square deviation and 0.397 points for the determination due to the coefficient of variability, respectively. By weight of the same litters at birth, the most consolidated group was gilts, which was inseminated twice. The least consolidated are trimmed three times, respectively. The difference as a whole, according to the indicators of the theonotype consolidation of the mass of the litter’s piglets at birth, between different groups of pigs was even smaller. The difference between the most contrasting groups was 0.270 points for determining the coefficients due to the mean square deviation and 0.260 points for the determination due to the coefficient of variability, respectively. On the basis of the mass of the litter at weaning, the most consolidated level of symptoms was obtained in the group of gilts for triple insemination. The least consolidated group, respectively, was gilts for single insemination. At the same time, on the basis of the weight of the litter at weaning, the slightest differences were obtained after the consolidation of the signs between different groups of pigs. The difference between the most contrasting groups was 0.173 points for determining the coefficients due to the mean square deviation and 0.248 points for the determination due to the coefficient of variation, respectively. At different rates of insemination of gilts, there are no significant differences between the groups between the groups in terms of the consolidation of signs of reproductive ability. Also, there was no clear effect on increasing the multiplicity of insemination of gilts to the consolidation of their signs of reproductive qualities.

Direct numerical simulation of turbulence in injection-driven three-dimensional cylindrical flows

2011 ◽  
Vol 670 ◽  
pp. 176-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
JU ZHANG ◽  
THOMAS L. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Wall Turbulence ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Strong Injection ◽  
Near Wall

Incompressible turbulent flow in a periodic circular pipe with strong injection is studied as a simplified model for the core flow in a solid-propellant rocket motor and other injection-driven internal flows. The model is based on a multi-scale asymptotic approach. The intended application of the current study is erosive burning of solid propellants. Relevant analysis for easily accessible parameters for this application, such as the magnitudes, main frequencies and wavelengths associated with the near-wall shear, and the assessment of near-wall turbulence viscosity is focused on. It is found that, unlike flows with weak or no injection, the near-wall shear is dominated by the root mean square of the streamwise velocity which is a function of the Reynolds number, while the mean streamwise velocity is only weakly dependent on the Reynolds number. As a result, a new wall-friction velocity $\(u_\tau{\,=\,}\sqrt{\tau_w/\rho}\)$, based on the shear stress derived from the sum of the mean and the root mean square, i.e. $\(\tau_{w,inj} {\,=\,} \mu |{\partial (\bar{u}+u_{rms})}/{\partial r}|_w\)$, is proposed for the scaling of turbulent viscosity for turbulent flows with strong injection. We also show that the mean streamwise velocity profile has an inflection point near the injecting surface.

scholarly journals The nth-order moment of the nuclear charge density and contribution from the neutrons

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Kurasawa ◽  
Toshio Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Order Moment ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Neutron Density ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Relativistic Expression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The relativistic expression for the $n$th-order moment of the nuclear charge density is presented. For the mean square radius (msr) of the nuclear charge density, the non-relativistic expression, which is equivalent to the relativistic one, is also derived consistently up to $1/M^2$ with use of the Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation. The difference between the relativistic and non-relativistic expressions for the msr of the point proton density is also discussed. The $n(\ge 4)$th-order moment of the nuclear charge density depends on the point neutron density. The fourth-order moment yields useful information on the msr of the point neutron density, and is expected to play an important role in electron scattering off neutron-rich nuclei.

Detecting pneumatic actuator leakage using acoustic emission monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
H Mahmoud ◽  
P Mazal ◽  
F Vlašic
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinder ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Emission Testing ◽  
Acoustic Emission Testing ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinders

This paper focuses on the development of an efficient new diagnostic procedure for checking the function of pneumatic cylinders using acoustic emission. This diagnostic procedure is able to detect distinctive differences that determine whether the cylinder is damaged or undamaged. Moreover, the paper aims to find the diagnostic criteria that can be used to evaluate the pneumatic cylinder and detect defects. In this study, acoustic emission testing of several undamaged cylinders is carried out before artificial defects are created in each one. The signals from the progress and retreat strokes are recorded and analysed according to many parameters. The root mean square is normalised and the different responses of damaged and undamaged pneumatic cylinders are recognised by the time delay of the strokes. The differences are identified by comparing the maximum root mean square from sensor A and the maximum root mean square from sensor B for one cycle in the retreat stroke. The damaged and undamaged cylinders are distinguished using the difference in energy values present in the signals of the two sensors in the retreat stroke. The final evaluation of the cylinder is determined by calculating the total value of the root mean square. This paper is a continuation of a prior article and the extension of that work.

Uncertainty Quantification of Energy Harvesting Systems Using Method of Quadratures and Maximum Entropy Principle

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Nanda ◽  
M. Amin Karami ◽  
Puneet Singla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Maximum Entropy Principle ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Entropy Principle ◽  
The Mean

This paper uses the method of Quadratures in conjunction with the Maximum Entropy principle to investigate the effect of parametric uncertainties on the mean power output and root mean square deflection of piezoelectric vibrational energy harvesting systems. Uncertainty in parameters of harvesters could arise from insufficient manufacturing controls or change in material properties over time. We investigate bimorph based harvesters that transduce ambient vibrations to electricity via the piezoelectric effect. Three varieties of energy harvesters — Linear, Nonlinear monostable and Nonlinear bistable are considered in this research. This analysis quantitatively shows the probability density function for the mean power and root mean square deflection as a function of the probability densities of the excitation frequency, excitation amplitude, initial deflection of the bimorph and magnet gap of the energy harvester. The method of Quadratures is used for numerically integrating functions by propagating weighted points from the domain and evaluating the integral as a weighted sum of the function values. In this paper, the method of Quadratures is used for evaluating central moments of the distributions of rms deflection and mean harvested power and, then, in conjunction with the principle of Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) an optimal density function is obtained which maximizes the entropy and satisfies the moment constraints. The The computed nonlinear density functions are validated against Monte Carlo simulations thereby demonstrating the efficiency of the approach. Further, the Maximum Entropy principle is widely applicable to uncertainty quantification of a wide range of dynamic systems.

Evidence for α-particle structure in medium-heavy nuclei from optical isotope shifts

1975 ◽  
Vol 342 (1628) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
Isotope Shifts ◽  
Nuclear Charge Distribution ◽  
The Mean

It is pointed out that optical isotope shifts between even-even isotopes in the medium-heavy elements show variations which are similar from one element to another, and that these variations are associated with particular values of N – Z , where N and Z refer to neutron and proton numbers respectively. Since the isotope shifts depend on differences in the mean square radii of the nuclear charge distribution, this correlation is evidence for some degree of a-particle structure in these nuclei. Further evidence from the energies of the first excited levels of the nuclei is also briefly considered.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Measurements at the Radius and Tibia in Healthy Pre- and Postmenopausal Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Szabo ◽  
Colin E. Webber ◽  
Christopher Gordon ◽  
Jonathan D. Adachi ◽  
Richard Tozer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Purpose The objectives of this study were to utilise the XCT-2000 pQCT scanner to determine the mean values and the reproducibility of in vivo total, trabecular, and cortical volumetric bone measurements at distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius and the tibia, as well as calf muscle and subcutaneous fat areas, in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women. Methods Twenty-nine women (14 premenopausal and 15 postmenopausal) were recruited to participate in this study. Distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius (at 4% and 20% of the length of the radius) and tibia (at 4%, 38%, and 66% of the length of the tibia) were examined. Results The root mean square coefficient of variation for measurements at the distal tibia gave the most favorable reproducibility values for total (1.5%) and trabecular (1.6%) density, whereas the diaphyseal tibia showed the most favorable reproducibility value for cortical density (0.3%). The root mean square coefficients of variation for measurements of muscle and fat cross-sectional areas at the calf were 0.6% and 0.7%, respectively. At the distal tibia, the mean values for total ( P < .05) and trabecular ( P < .01) density were significantly lower in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Conclusions The data presented here indicate that XCT-2000 pQCT scans at the tibia provide highly reproducible measurements of total, cortical, and trabecular bone as well as muscle and fat cross-sectional areas. Furthermore, significant differences in volumetric bone measurements between healthy pre- and postmenopausal women were evident only at the distal tibia, suggesting that this site warrants further study.

The Loss of Dexterity in the Bilateral Lower Extremities in Patients With Stroke

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji Kiyama ◽  
Kiyohiro Fukudome ◽  
Toshiki Hiyoshi ◽  
Akihide Umemoto ◽  
Yoichi Yoshimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Square Errors

The aim of this study was to examine the dexterity of both lower extremities in patients with stroke. Twenty patients with stroke and 20 age-matched control subjects participated in this study. To determine the dexterity of the lower extremities, we examined the ability to control muscle force during submaximal contractions in the knee extensor muscles using a force tracking task. The root mean square errors were calculated from the difference between the target and response force. The root mean square error was significantly greater in the affected limb of patients with stroke compared with those of the unaffected limb and the control subjects, and in the unaffected limb compared with that of the control subjects. Furthermore, the root mean square error of the affected limb was related significantly to motor function as determined by Fugl-Myer assessment. These results demonstrate impairment of the dexterity of both the affected and the unaffected lower extremities in patients with stroke.

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